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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative metal-ion source for secondary-ion mass spectrometry (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1146-1149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A small, compact negative-ion source based on plasma sputtering has been developed for secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). It can make precise measurements of the oxygen isotope ratios in minerals. From a copper sputter target, a high-density 63Cu− ion beam of 3 mA cm−2 has been obtained as the primary-ion beam with a size of 100 μm in diameter. The mass distribution of the ion beam is 99% Cu− and 1% Cu−2 ions; other ionic species comprise less than 0.1%. A typical beam stability for 10 min has been achieved at 0.4% (σ). These performances of the negative-ion source are useful to perform in situ analyses of insulator materials in SIMS. As an application, the high-mass resolution spectra for three isotopes of oxygen secondary ions from an insulator sample bombarded by the 63Cu− ion beam was studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144108
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Nickel in GSJ Standard Rock Samples Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 15 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Trace level determination of nickel in silicate rock samples has been achieved using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with kinetic energy filtering. Standard rock references, issued by the Geological Survey of Japan, were fused into glass and used as standards for the SIMS analysis. Due to interferences from the glass matrix, the secondary ion of mass 60 was only useful for Ni, although the secondary ion was interfered mainly by CaO+. The contributions of these molecular ions were deconvolved by a least squares regression. Good linear correlation between results after the deconvolution and the Ni concentration in the glass standards was obtained. The uncertainties of the SIMS analysis depend strongly on the degree of contribution of CaO+ molecular ion. Such a method of SIMS analysis is especially useful to study the detailed behavior of Ni on a micro-scale in Ca-poor materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1991.tb00108.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemistry of the oldest MORB and OIB in the Isua Supracrustal Belt, southern West Greenland: Implications for the composition and temperature of early Archean upper mantle (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Recent geological investigations of the Isua Supracrustal Belt (3.8 Ga), southern West Greenland, have suggested that it is the oldest accretionary complex on earth, defined by an oceanic plate-type stratigraphy and a duplex structure. Plate history from mid-oceanic ridge through plume magmatism to subduction zone has been postulated from analysis of the reconstructed oceanic plate stratigraphy in the accretionary complex. Comparison between field occurrence of greenstones in modern and ancient accretionary complexes reveals that two types of tholeiitic basalt from different tectonic settings, mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) and oceanic island basalt (OIB), occur. This work presents major, trace and rare earth element (REE) compositions of greenstones derived from Isua MORB and OIB, and of extremely rare relict igneous clinopyroxene in Isua MORB. The Isua clinopyroxenes (Cpx) have compositional variations equivalent to those of Cpx in modern MORB; in particular, low TiO2 and Na2O contents. The Isua Cpx show slightly light (L)REE-depleted REE patterns, and the calculated REE pattern of the host magma is in agreement with that of Isua MORB. Analyses of 49 least-altered greenstones carefully selected from approximately 1200 samples indicate that Isua MORB are enriched in Al2O3, and depleted in TiO2, FeO*, Y and Zr at the given MgO content, compared with Isua OIB. In addition, Isua MORB show an LREE-depleted pattern, whereas Isua OIB forms a flat REE pattern. Such differences suggest that the Early Archean mantle had already become heterogeneous, depending on the tectonic environment. Isua MORB are enriched in FeO compared with modern MORB. Comparison of Isua MORB with recent melting experiments shows that the source mantle had 85–87 in Mg♯ and was enriched in FeO. Potential mantle temperature is estimated to be approximately 1480°C, indicating that the Early Archean mantle was hotter by at most approximately 150°C than the modern mantle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2003.00416.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible sub-arc origin of podiform chromitites (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @island arc 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The sub-arc mantle condition possibly favors the formation of podiform chromitites. The Cr/(Cr + Al) atomic ratio (= Cr#) of their chromian spinel frequently is higher than 0.7, which is comparable with the range for arc-related primitive magmas. This almost excludes the possibility of their sub-oceanic origin, because both oceanic peridotites and MORB have chromian spinel with the Cr# 〈 0.6. Precipitation of chromitite and associated dunite enhances a relative depletion of high-field strength elements (HFSE) to large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), one of chemical characteristics of arc magmas, for the involved magma. This cannot alter completely, however, the MORB to the arc-type magma, especially for Ti and Zr. The presence of chromitite xenoliths, similar both in texture and in chemistry to podiform chromitites of some ophiolitic complexes, in some Cenozoic alkali basalts from the southwest Japan arc indicates directly that the upper mantle beneath the Japan arcs has chromitites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.1995.tb00135.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronology of the early Solar System from chondrule-bearing calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (2005)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 434 (2005), S. 998-1001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Chondrules and Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) are high-temperature components of meteorites that formed during transient heating events in the early Solar System. A major unresolved issue is the relative timing of CAI and chondrule formation. From the presence of chondrule fragments in an igneous ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03470
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contemporaneous formation of chondrules and refractory inclusions in the early Solar System (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 423 (2003), S. 728-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Chondrules and calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) are preserved materials from the early history of the Solar System, where they resulted from thermal processing of pre-existing solids during various flash heating episodes which lasted for several million years. CAIs are believed to have ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01699
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stardust silicates from primitive meteorites (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 428 (2004), S. 921-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Primitive chondritic meteorites contain material (presolar grains), at the level of a few parts per million, that predates the formation of our Solar System. Astronomical observations and the chemical composition of the Sun both suggest that silicates must have been the dominant solids in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02510
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure dependence on partition coefficients for trace elements between olivine and the coexisting melts (1998)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 25 (1998), S. 469-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Partition coefficients between olivine and melt at upper mantle conditions, 3 to 14 GPa, have been determined for 27 trace elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Cs, Ba, La and Ce) using secondary-ion mass-spectrometry (SIMS) and electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA). The general pattern of olivine/melt partitioning on Onuma diagrams resembles those reported previously for natural systems. This agreement strongly supports the argument that partitioning is under structural control of olivine even at high pressure. The partition coefficients for mono- and tri-valent cations show significant pressure dependence, both becoming larger with pressure, and are strongly correlated with coupled substitution into cation sites in the olivine structure. The dominant type of trace element substitution for mono- and tri-valent cations into olivine changes gradually from (Si, Mg)↔(Al, Cr) at low pressure to (Si, Mg)↔(Al, Al) and (Mg, Mg)↔(Na, Al) at high pressure. The change in substitution type results in an increase in partition coefficients of Al and Na with pressure. An inverse correlation between the partition coefficients for divalent cations and pressure has been observed, especially for Ni, Co and Fe. The order of decreasing rate of partition coefficient with pressure correlates to strength of crystal field effect of the cation. The pressure dependence of olivine/melt partitioning can be attributed to the compression of cation polyhedra induced by pressure and the compensation of electrostatic valence by cation substitution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050138
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enrichment processes at the base of the Archean lithospheric mantle: observations from trace element characteristics of pyropic garnet inclusions in diamonds (2000)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 139 (2000), S. 720-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Trace element concentrations of peridotitic garnet inclusions in diamonds from two Chinese kimberlite pipes were determined using the ion microprobe. Garnet xenocrysts from the same two kimberlite pipes were also analyzed for comparison. In contrast to their extremely refractory major element compositions, all harzburgitic garnets showed enrichment in light rare earth elements (REE) relative to chondrite, resulting in sinuous REE patterns. Both normal and sinuous REE patterns were observed from the lherzolitic garnets. Concentrations of REE in garnets changed significantly from diamond to diamond and no specific correlations were observed with their major element compositions. Analyses of randomly selected two to three points within every grain of a large number of garnet inclusions by the ion microprobe demonstrated that there was no evident compositional heterogeneity, and multiple grains of one phase from a single diamond host also exhibit very similar compositions. This implies that the trace element heterogeneity within one grain or among multiple inclusions from the same diamond host, as reported from Siberian diamonds, is not a common feature for these Chinese diamonds. Concentrations of Na, Ti, and Zr tend to decrease when garnets become more refractory, but variations of Sr and Li are more complex. Compositions rich in light REE and relatively poor in high field strength elements (HFSE) of the harzburgitic garnet inclusions in diamonds are generally consistent with metasomatism by carbonatite melts. The trace element features observed from the garnet inclusions in Chinese diamonds may be caused by carbonatite melt infiltration and partial melt extraction. Spatial and temporal gradients in melt/rock ratio and temperature are the main reasons for the large variations of REE patterns and other trace element concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100000163
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Yangzhumingite, KMg2.5Si4O10F2, a new mineral in the mica group from Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China (2011)
    Schweizerbart
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-01
    Description: Yangzhumingite, ideally KMg2.5Si4O10F2, occurs as subhedral to euhedral platy crystals up to ca. 0.5 mm across in metamorphosed carbonate rock from Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China. It is associated with dolomite, calcite, tremolite, norbergite and huanghoite-(Ce) with minor phlogopite, barite, bastnasite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce), and fluorite. Yangzhumingite is transparent and colorless with white streak and pearly luster. It is optically biaxial (-), n = 1.532-1.537 (589 nm), and 2V = 5-10{degrees}. The hardness is 3 on Mohs' scale (measured on a synthetic equivalent). It has a monoclinic unit cell with a = 5.249(4), b = 9.095(5), c = 10.142(5) A, {beta} = 99.96(6){degrees}, V = 476.9(5) A3, Z = 2, space group C2/m, and Dcalc. = 2.807 g/cm3. The five strongest lines in the powder XRD pattern are [d(A), I/I0, hkl]: (10.03, 95, 001); (3.37, 48, 022), (2.90, 49, 11[IMG]f1.gif" ALT="Formula" BORDER="0"〉), (2.59, 67, 13[IMG]f2.gif" ALT="Formula" BORDER="0"〉200) and (2.41, 100, 13[IMG]f3.gif" ALT="Formula" BORDER="0"〉201). The mean of 15 electron microprobe analyses and SIMS analysis for Li lead to the empirical formula (K0.70Li0.30Na0.01)(Mg2.48Fe0.06) (Si3.96Al0.03)O10[F1.92(OH)0.08] on the basis of 12 anions with (F + OH) = 2. Yangzhumingite is a member of the mica group (Nickel-Strunz grouping 9.EC.10), and it represents the Mg-dominant analogue of montdorite.
    Print ISSN: 0935-1221
    Electronic ISSN: 1617-4011
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Schweizerbart
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