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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Impact of Payoff Function and Local Interaction on the N-Player Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (2000)
    Springer
    Knowledge and information systems 2 (2000), S. 461-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0219-3116
    Keywords: Keywords: Co-evolutionary learning; Iterated prisoner's dilemma; Generalization; Local interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. The N-player iterated prisoner's dilemma (NIPD) game has been widely used to study the evolution of cooperation in social, economic and biological systems. This paper studies the impact of different payoff functions and local interactions on the NIPD game. The evolutionary approach is used to evolve game-playing strategies starting from a population of random strategies. The different payoff functions used in our study describe different behaviors of cooperation and defection among a group of players. Local interaction introduces neighborhoods into the NIPD game. A player does not play against every other player in a group any more. He only interacts with his neighbors. We investigate the impact of neighborhood size on the evolution of cooperation in the NIPD game and the generalization ability of evolved strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00011652
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser ablation induced surface modification of NdBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystal target in pulsed laser deposition (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 4797-4801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface modification of both morphology and composition of a single crystal NdBa2Cu3O7−δ (NBCO) target induced by laser ablation has been studied by scanning electron microscopy with x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. After a long period of laser ablation, the sintered target displays a cone-shaped columnar surface morphology. However, the single crystal target exhibits a continuous and smooth undulating morphology with ridges and grooves. This cone-free surface morphology is thought to inhibit the ejection of droplets from the target surface and thus lead to NBCO films with excellent surface morphology. After a large number of laser shots per site on the single crystal target, both the surface composition and deposition rate remain unchanged. Our experimental results prove that the observed results for the sintered target are in agreement with the erosion model, while the laser ablation induced surface modification for the single crystal target is dominated by the melt–resolidification process. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368721
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction of the Quasi-ternary Phase Diagram in the NdO1.5-BaO-CuOx System in an Air Atmosphere: Part I, Equilibrium Tie Lines in the Nd1+xBa2−xCu3O6+δ Solid Solution and Liquid Region (1998)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Quasi-ternary phase diagrams of the NdO1.5-BaO-CuOx system near the CuOx corner have been constructed near the peritectic temperature in air of the Nd1+xBa2−xCu3O6+delta (Nd123) solid-solution phase. Liquidus curves were determined by measuring the temperature dependences of the neodymium, barium, and copper solubilities in Nd-Ba-Cu-O solutions with different BaO:CuO ratios. Solidus line compositions and equilibrium tie lines were determined by analyzing the compositions of the Nd123 solid solution equilibrated with the melt by quenching samples held isothermally. Based on the tie-line features in the Nd123-and- liquid two-phase field, the Nd123 solid solution with the smaller substitution content was observed to be equilibrated with the solution melt with a higher BaO:CuO ratio, even in an air atmosphere. Nd123 crystal with a substitution content of ∼0.02 could be formed from the solution with the BaO:CuO ratio of greaterthan equal to0.75, which resulted in higher critical superconducting transition temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02594.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction (1998)
    Springer
    Applied intelligence 8 (1998), S. 5-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7497
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008295513670
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negatively correlated neural networks for classification (1999)
    Springer
    Artificial life and robotics 3 (1999), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1614-7456
    Keywords: Neural network ensembles ; Learning ; Generalization ; Bias ; Variance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a new algorithm for designing neural network ensembles for classification problems with noise. The idea behind this new algorithm is to encourage different individual networks in an ensemble to learn different parts or aspects of the training data so that the whole ensemble can learn the whole training data better. Negatively correlated neural networks are trained with a novel correlation penalty term in the error function to encourage such specialization. In our algorithm, individual networks are trained simultaneously rather than independently or sequentially. This provides an opportunity for different networks to interact with each other and to specialize. Experiments on two real-world problems demonstrate that the new algorithm can produce neural network ensembles with good generalization ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02481190
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute protein expression profiling estimates the relative contributions of transcriptional and translational regulation (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 25 (2007), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] We report a method for large-scale absolute protein expression measurements (APEX) and apply it to estimate the relative contributions of transcriptional- and translational-level gene regulation in the yeast and Escherichia coli proteomes. APEX relies upon correcting each protein's mass ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1270
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of Finishing Internal Surface Using Magnetic Force Generated by Rotating Magnetic Field in Electromotor (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 359-360 (Nov. 2007), p. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the paper, a new method of using rotating magnetic field generated by a stator ofalternative electromotor to polish the inner surface of tube-type workpieces is proposed; a finishingdevice using the stator construction and inverter is designed; the finishing mechanism is analyzedand experiments are carried out. Experimental investigations show that filling amount of magneticabrasive influences the surface roughness of workpiece directly and have an optimal value. Thehigher magnetic conductivity is, and the finer finishing effect is. The attraction force of magneticparticles depends on intensity of magnetic induction directly and has the optimal value. The higherthe rotation speed is, and the lower the value of surface roughness. Under the optimal experimentalcondition, the new method can reduce the value of surface roughness more than 2 grades.Therefore, this technique has prospective application future
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.359-360.295.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Reliability Analysis Method Based on Execution Scenario for Modular NC Software (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 392-394 (Oct. 2008), p. 640-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: To describe the modular structure of numerical control (NC) system and deal with theproblem of interference between modules in software reliability analysis, a module dependencygraph (MDG) was presented and a scenario-based scheme was proposed. MDG describes reliabilityof module in different application environment, module dependency and structure of software withestablishing maps among modules, execution scenarios and reliability. According to the informationshown in MDG, an algorithm based on the idea of traversing directed graph in graph theory wasproposed. The algorithm calculates the reliability of scenario with breadth-first principle. Thereliability of system could be obtained from reliability and running frequency of scenario. Thescheme eliminates the defects of the conventional methods which ignore module correlation. Casestudy proves the scheme could evaluate the reliability of NC software effectively
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/57/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.392-394.640.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the Performances of the Ferromagnetic Poles Based on the Curved Surface Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 359-360 (Nov. 2007), p. 365-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) is a kind of method for polishing the surfaces and theedges. The investigation for the technique of MAF and the development of the ferromagnetic poleslay a theoretical foundation for developing a new method for finishing the curved surfacesautomatically under the numerical control. In the paper, the performance parameters of the developedmagneto poles, which are used for finishing the plane surfaces and the curved ones, have been tested.The curvature of the finished surface, the sloping angle of the machined surface and the rotationspeed of the poles, which affect the surface roughness, are studied theoretically. What mentionedabove supply references to the practical uses of the MAF, especially in the mould manufacturing
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.359-360.365.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The First New Hydrogen-Bonded Heterohexanuclear Complex [(salen)Cu]4[(salen)Fe(H2O)2]2(ClO4)2: Molecular and Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 9 (1998), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Mixed-metal cluster ; crystal structure ; magnetic properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation, magnetic properties, and crystal structure of [(salen)Cu]4[(salen)Fe(H2O)2]2(ClO4)2 via hydrogen bonding are described [salen=N,N′-ethylenebis (salicylideneiminate)]. Crystals are triclinic, of space group $$\rm P\bar 1$$ , with cell constants a=12.853(3), b=13.921(3), c=14.251(3) Å, α=68.68(3)°, β=87.86(3)°, γ=86.82(3)°, and Z=1. The structure was solved and refined to R=0.064 and R′=0.068. The structure comprises the hexanuclear units which result from the linking of four mononuclear fragments [(salen)Cu] and two mononuclear fragment [(salen)Fe(H2O)]+, through Cu -O ⋯ H -O -Fe -O -H ⋯ O -Cu hydrogen bonds of coordinating H2O. In this complex, FeIII ions are in almost square-planar surroundings. The temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibilities of the complex have been studied in the 4.2–300 K range, indicating the presence of an antiferromagnetic interactions between metal ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021990516837
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