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  • 1
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    Energy and climate change (2018)
    Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 2
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    Model and Solution of Complex Emergency Dispatch by Multiple Rescue Centers with Limited Capacity to Different Disaster Areas (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Description: A disaster emergency consists of many unfavorable factors, such as different disaster areas, the limited capacity of the rescue centers, and complex rescue conditions. After taking into account the resources of the rescue centers, the ability of rescue teams, and the distance between the rescue centers and the disaster areas, this paper has established a complex model for multiple centers with limited capacity to dispatch teams for emergencies in different disaster areas. The model is solved by the genetic algorithm. Firstly, the paper takes the rescue task as the subunit to perform integer programming. Secondly, a rule is designed according to the symmetry of parents’ crossing. According to the rule, single parent crossover only allows two situations, (1) different rescue mission for the same rescue center and (2) different rescue centers under the same rescue mission. Finally, the performance of parent crossing and symmetric single parent crossing is compared. The results show that the two algorithms can converge to the optimal solution, but each of them has unique advantages in terms of convergence speed and stability. It is suggested that the strategy of the single-parent crossover should be used to deal with local emergency responses and that the two-parent crossover strategy is be used for more complicated global emergency responses.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-8994
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 3
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    Sustainability, Vol. 8, Pages 683: Study on Industrial Integration Development of the Energy Chemical Industry in Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi Urban Agglomeration, Xinjiang, NW China (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: With industrial integration accelerating in domestic and foreign enterprise, industrial integration is becoming the only way for regional development to break through its bottleneck. Compared with advanced foreign enterprises, there exists a significant gap in regional industrial integration, especially in the urban agglomeration of the energy chemical industries of Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi in Xinjiang. Findings from field visits and quantitative analysis show that the energy chemical industry in urban agglomeration is in a state of dispersed distribution, serious convergence in industrial structure, low level of specialization, and weak collaborative relationships. These issues seriously hamper the sustainable development of urban agglomeration. Specific actions aimed at these problems and the development bottleneck mainly include the integration of industrial parks in the central city and integration orientation on the level of urban agglomeration. Only by speeding up the pace of industry integration can Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi’s urban agglomeration maintain and improve its market competitiveness. Accordingly, it can promote innovation and sustainability in the energy chemical industry and improve the overall level of development.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 4
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    New high Tc multiferroics KBiFe2O5 with narrow band gap and promising photovoltaic effect (2013)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-13
    Description: Intrinsic polarization of ferroelectrics (FE) helps separate photon-generated charge carriers thus enhances photovoltaic effects. However, traditional FE with transition-metal cations (M) of d0 electron in MO6 network typically has a band gap (Eg) exceeding 3.0 eV. Although a smaller Eg (2.6 eV) can be obtained in multiferroic BiFeO3, the value is still too high for optimal solar energy applications. Computational “materials genome” searches have predicted several exotic MO6 FE with Eg 〈 2.0 eV, all thus far unconfirmed because of synthesis difficulties. Here we report a new FE compound with MO4 tetrahedral network, KBiFe2O5, which features narrow Eg (1.6 eV), high Curie temperature (Tc ~ 780 K) and robust magnetic and photoelectric activities. The high photovoltage (8.8 V) and photocurrent density (15 μA/cm2) were obtained, which is comparable to the reported BiFeO3. This finding may open a new avenue to discovering and designing optimal FE compounds for solar energy applications. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep01265
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    A complementary relationship evaporation model referring to the Granger model and the advection–aridity model (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-01-25
    Description: A complementary relationship evaporation model has been proposed and verified based on evaluations of the advection–aridity model and the Granger's complementary relationship model (Granger model) in dimensionless forms. Normalized by Penman potential evaporation, the Granger model and the advection–aridity model have been transformed into similar dimensionless forms. Evaporation ratio (ratio of actual evaporation to Penman potential evaporation) has been expressed as a function of dimensionless variable based on radiation and atmospheric conditions. Similar dimensionless variables for the different functions have been used in the two models. By referring to the dimensionless variable from the advection–aridity model and the function from the Granger model, a new model to estimate actual evaporation was proposed. The performance of the new model has been validated by the observed data from four sites under different land covers. The new model is an enhanced Granger model with better evaporation prediction over the aforementioned different land covers. It also offers more stable optimized parameters in a grassland site than the Granger model. The new model somewhat approximates the advection–aridity model under neither too wet nor too dry conditions, but without its system bias. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Effect of Cold Working on the Residual Stress around the Notch front of Stress Corrosion Cracking (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-02
    Description: Failures show that the austenitic stainless steel (SS) pipes with produced high weld residual stresses are more susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in the simulated high temperature water environments of pressurized water reactor. To understand the effect of cold working on the residual stress and strain of stress corrosion cracking in 304SS, the stress-strain field near the crack front of 304SS under different degree of cold working was simulated by ABAQUS. Results show that the higher tensile residual stress and the larger compressive residual stress simultaneously occurs in the lower cold working material, and cold working has greater effect on the residual stress than on the residual strain. The residual compressive stress and residual compressive strain both decrease rapidly in a small range around the notch fronts and tend to be consistent in a more larger distance. But cold working has little effect on the residual strain.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 2240: A Variable-Structure Multi-Resonant DC–DC Converter with Smooth Switching (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-28
    Description: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 2240: A Variable-Structure Multi-Resonant DC–DC Converter with Smooth Switching Energies doi: 10.3390/en11092240 Authors: Mengying Chen Yifeng Wang Liang Yang Fuqiang Han Yuqi Hou Haiyun Yan In this paper, a variable-structure multi-resonant soft-switching DC–DC converter and its transient smooth control method are proposed. Through the introduction of auxiliary switches, the converter can flexibly adjust its structure among three operating modes. Two switching processes can be obtained. Thus, a wide voltage gain range is achieved within a narrow frequency range. Moreover, to eliminate the large voltage fluctuation during modes switching, a drive signal gradual adjustment control method is proposed. Consequently, smooth switching between different modes can be realized and the voltage fluctuation is suppressed effectively. Finally, a 200 W experimental prototype is established to verify the theoretical analyses. Soft-switching performances for power switches and diodes are both guaranteed. The highest efficiency is 98.2%. With the proposed transient control method, a basically constant 400 V output voltage is ensured within a wide input voltage range (80 V–600 V). In particular, the transient voltage fluctuations during two switching processes decrease from 38.4 V to 10.8 V and from 37.2 V to 8.4 V, respectively.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 8
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    Energies, Vol. 10, Pages 1400: A Study of Two Multi-Element Resonant DC-DC Topologies with Loss Distribution Analyses (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-14
    Description: Energies, Vol. 10, Pages 1400: A Study of Two Multi-Element Resonant DC-DC Topologies with Loss Distribution Analyses Energies doi: 10.3390/en10091400 Authors: Yifeng Wang Liang Yang Fuqiang Han Shijie Tu Weiya Zhang In this paper, two multi-element resonant DC-DC converters are analyzed in detail. Since their resonant tanks have multiple resonant components, the converters display different resonant characteristics within different operating frequency ranges. Through appropriate design, both of the two proposed converters successfully lower the conversion losses and, meanwhile, broaden the voltage gain ranges as well: one converter is able to take full usage of the third order harmonic to deliver the active power, and thus the effective utilization rate of the resonant current is elevated; while the another minimizes the entire switching losses for power switching devices by restricting the input impedance angle of the resonant tank. Besides, the loss distribution is analyzed for the purpose of guiding the component design. In the end, two 500 W prototypes are fabricated to test the theoretical analyses. The results demonstrate that the two proposed converters can achieve wide voltage gain with the small frequency deviation, which noticeably contributes to highly efficient conversion. Their peak efficiencies are measured as 95.4% and 95.3%, respectively.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 9
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    CORRIGENDUM: New high Tc multiferroics KBiFe2O5 with narrow band gap and promising photovoltaic effect (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-19
    Description: Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep01723
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Urban Signatures in the Spatial Clustering of Summer Heavy Rainfall Events over the Beijing Metropolitan Region (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-09
    Description: [1]  The climatology of summer heavy rainfall events over the Beijing metropolitan region during 2008-2012 is investigated with the aid of an observational network of rain gauges and the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). Two ‘hot spots’ of higher frequency of summer heavy rainfall events are observed. One is located over the urban core region, and the other resides in the climatological downwind region. Two comparative sets of model runs are designed to assess the effect of land surface properties with and without the presence of the city on the model simulation results. By comparing the two sets of model runs, the changes of rainfall statistics, behaviors of storm cells and variables related to convection due to urbanization are analyzed and quantified. The intensity of heavy rainfall is increased over the urban and downwind region, corresponding to the locations of the two observed ‘hot spots’ based on rain gauges. The changes of rainfall statistics suggest that the probability distribution of rainfall is shifted toward a heavier upper-tail distribution. The Lagrangian properties of storm cells are examined using a newly developed Storm-Cell Identification (SCI-2D) procedure. High-echo storm cells tend to split approaching the city and merge in the downwind region. The level of free convection and the height of the planetary boundary layer are significantly increased over the urban region and convective available potential energy (MCAPE) is decreased. Increased sensible heat flux from the urban surfaces plays a dominant role in the modification of simulated rainfall from a climatological perspective.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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