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  • 1
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    Numerical investigation of oscillatory thermocapillary flows under zero gravity in a circular liquid film with concave free surfaces (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-11
    Description: NASA astronaut Pettit has conducted thermocapillary flow experiments in water films suspended in a solid ring onboard the International Space Station (ISS) in 2003 and 2011. In one of these experiments, an oscillatory thermocapillary flow was observed. The developed flow broke its symmetry along the centerline of the film. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies on such oscillatory thermocapillary flows in thin films, and the flow-mechanism giving rise to such oscillatory flows is also not well understood. In order to shed light on the subject, we have carried out a numerical simulation study. The simulation results have shown that the water film geometry ( film surface shape ; being concave ) is an important parameter and give rise to three oscillatory flow structures in the film, namely, a hydrothermal wave developing near the heated section, a symmetric oscillatory flow due to temperature variations, and a symmetry breaking flow due to the hydrodynamic instability along the free boundary layer (mixing layer) and the development of the hydrothermal waves. Simulation results show that the symmetry-breaking phenomenon observed in the thin film experiment on the ISS can be explained by the hydrodynamic instability and the development of hydrothermal waves.
    Print ISSN: 1070-6631
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7666
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Molecular mechanisms of syndecan-4 upregulation by TNF-{alpha} in the endothelium-like EAhy926 cells (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-27
    Description: Syndecan-4, a cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, can participate in inflammation and wound healing as a host defense molecule. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, one of the most potent proinflammatory cytokines, is known to upregulate syndecan-4 expression, but the precise mechanisms are unclear. To elucidate these mechanisms in detail, we examined syndecan-4 upregulation by TNF-α in the endothelium-like EAhy926 cell. Of the two putative nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-B) binding sites in the syndecan-4 gene ( SDC4 ) promoter, deletion or mutation of one or both sites significantly diminished the effects of TNF-α. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that p65 and c-Rel, but not p50, bound to these NF-B binding sites, whereas pull-down assays showed binding of all three NF-B components. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays clearly showed that p65 and phosphorylated p65, but not p50 or c-Rel, bound to the SDC4 promoter. An NF-B inhibitor, p65 knockdown and a transcriptional elongation inhibitor completely blocked the effect of TNF-α on SDC4 promoter activity and significantly, but not completely, blocked that on SDC4 mRNA expression. These data suggest that NF-B p65 could be a key mediator of syndecan-4 upregulation by TNF-α through two binding sites in the SDC4 promoter, but other NF-B-p65 independent pathways might also be involved through transcriptional elongation.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Biochemical Society (JBS).
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  • 3
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    Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the interface between ultrathin Fe film and MgO studied by angular-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: Interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in ultrathin Fe/MgO (001) has been investigated using angular-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). We found that anisotropic orbital magnetic moments deduced from the analysis of XMCD contribute to the large PMA energies, whose values depend on the annealing temperature. The large PMA energies determined from magnetization measurements are related to those estimated from the XMCD and the anisotropic orbital magnetic moments through the spin-orbit interaction. The enhancement of anisotropic orbital magnetic moments can be explained mainly by the hybridization between the Fe 3 d z 2 and O 2 p z states.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    The existence and uniqueness of short-run equilibrium of the Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman model in an urban-rural setting (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-21
    Description: The Dixit–Stiglitz–Krugman model is one of the most fundamental models in the new economic geography, and is described by the nominal wage equation. We obtain sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of short-run equilibrium of this model, where a short-run equilibrium is defined by a solution of the nominal wage equation under the condition that the worker distribution is given. We construct an iteration scheme to obtain numerical short-run equilibria. No restriction is imposed on the total number of locations where economic activities are conducted.
    Print ISSN: 0272-4960
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3634
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Oscillations of the Orbital Magnetic Moment due to d-Band Quantum Well States (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-07
    Description: Author(s): M. Dąbrowski, T. R. F. Peixoto, M. Pazgan, A. Winkelmann, M. Cinal, T. Nakagawa, Y. Takagi, T. Yokoyama, F. Bisio, U. Bauer, F. Yildiz, M. Przybylski, and J. Kirschner The effect of electron confinement on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of ultrathin bcc Fe films is explored by combining photoemission spectroscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements. Pronounced thickness-dependent variations in the magnetocrystalline ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 067203] Published Wed Aug 06, 2014
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Near-infrared spectral results of asteroid Itokawa from the Hayabusa spacecraft (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: The near-infrared spectrometer on board the Japanese Hayabusa spacecraft found a variation of more than 10% in albedo and absorption band depth in the surface reflectance of asteroid 25143 Itokawa. Spectral shape over the 1-micrometer absorption band indicates that the surface of this body has an olivine-rich mineral assemblage potentially similar to that of LL5 or LL6 chondrites. Diversity in the physical condition of Itokawa's surface appears to be larger than for other S-type asteroids previously explored by spacecraft, such as 433 Eros.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abe, M -- Takagi, Y -- Kitazato, K -- Abe, S -- Hiroi, T -- Vilas, F -- Clark, B E -- Abell, P A -- Lederer, S M -- Jarvis, K S -- Nimura, T -- Ueda, Y -- Fujiwara, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1334-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Architecture of the Mediator head module (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-05
    Description: Mediator is a key regulator of eukaryotic transcription, connecting activators and repressors bound to regulatory DNA elements with RNA polymerase II (Pol II). In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mediator comprises 25 subunits with a total mass of more than one megadalton (refs 5, 6) and is organized into three modules, called head, middle/arm and tail. Our understanding of Mediator assembly and its role in regulating transcription has been impeded so far by limited structural information. Here we report the crystal structure of the essential Mediator head module (seven subunits, with a mass of 223 kilodaltons) at a resolution of 4.3 angstroms. Our structure reveals three distinct domains, with the integrity of the complex centred on a bundle of ten helices from five different head subunits. An intricate pattern of interactions within this helical bundle ensures the stable assembly of the head subunits and provides the binding sites for general transcription factors and Pol II. Our structural and functional data suggest that the head module juxtaposes transcription factor IIH and the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of Pol II, thereby facilitating phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of Pol II. Our results reveal architectural principles underlying the role of Mediator in the regulation of gene expression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109712/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109712/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imasaki, Tsuyoshi -- Calero, Guillermo -- Cai, Gang -- Tsai, Kuang-Lei -- Yamada, Kentaro -- Cardelli, Francesco -- Erdjument-Bromage, Hediye -- Tempst, Paul -- Berger, Imre -- Kornberg, Guy Lorch -- Asturias, Francisco J -- Kornberg, Roger D -- Takagi, Yuichiro -- GM36659/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA08748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM036659/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067167/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM67167/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y01 CO1020-11/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y01 GM1104-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 3;475(7355):240-3. doi: 10.1038/nature10162.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21725323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Mediator Complex/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*chemistry/enzymology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transcription Factor TFIIH/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Touchdown of the Hayabusa spacecraft at the Muses Sea on Itokawa (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: After global observations of asteroid 25143 Itokawa by the Hayabusa spacecraft, we selected the smooth terrain of the Muses Sea for two touchdowns carried out on 19 and 25 November 2005 UTC for the first asteroid sample collection with an impact sampling mechanism. Here, we report initial findings about geological features, surface condition, regolith grain size, compositional variation, and constraints on the physical properties of this site by using both scientific and housekeeping data during the descent sequence of the first touchdown. Close-up images revealed the first touchdown site as a regolith field densely filled with size-sorted, millimeter- to centimeter-sized grains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yano, Hajime -- Kubota, T -- Miyamoto, H -- Okada, T -- Scheeres, D -- Takagi, Y -- Yoshida, K -- Abe, M -- Abe, S -- Barnouin-Jha, O -- Fujiwara, A -- Hasegawa, S -- Hashimoto, T -- Ishiguro, M -- Kato, M -- Kawaguchi, J -- Mukai, T -- Saito, J -- Sasaki, S -- Yoshikawa, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1350-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Planetary Science, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510 Japan. yano@isas.jaxa.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    An atomic seesaw switch formed by tilted asymmetric Sn-Ge dimers on a Ge (001) surface (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: When tin (Sn) atoms are deposited on a clean germanium (Ge) (001) surface at room temperature, buckled dimers originating from the Sn atoms are formed at the Ge-dimer position. We identified the dimer as a heterogeneous Sn-Ge dimer by reversing its buckling orientation with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at 80 kelvin. An atomic seesaw switch was formed for one-dimensional electronic conduction in the Ge dimer-row direction by using the STM to reversibly flip the buckling orientation of the Sn-Ge dimer and to set up standing-wave states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomatsu, K -- Nakatsuji, K -- Iimori, T -- Takagi, Y -- Kusuhara, H -- Ishii, A -- Komori, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1696-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Thickness-dependent electronic and magnetic properties of γ^{′} −Fe_{4} N atomic layers on Cu(001) (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-15
    Description: Author(s): Y. Takahashi, T. Miyamachi, S. Nakashima, N. Kawamura, Y. Takagi, M. Uozumi, V. N. Antonov, T. Yokoyama, A. Ernst, and F. Komori Growth, electronic, and magnetic properties of γ ′ − Fe 4 N atomic layers on Cu(001) are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy/magnetic circular dichroism. A continuous film of ordered trilayer γ ′ − Fe 4 N is obtained by Fe deposition under N 2 atmosphere onto… [Phys. Rev. B 95, 224417] Published Wed Jun 14, 2017
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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