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  • 1
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    Changes in the phospholipid fatty acid composition of the lipid droplet during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Lipid droplets (LDs) are independent organelles in adipocytes that are composed of a lipid ester core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. The fatty acid composition of the phospholipid monolayer should determine the metabolism and dynamics of LDs. In this study, we examined the fatty acid composition of phospholipid monolayer in LDs during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), such as 16:0 and 18:0, in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) of LDs decreased during differentiation. In contrast, the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) such as 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9 in PC and PE of LDs and the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as 20:3n-6, 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 in PE of LDs increased during differentiation. These results suggest that the phospholipid monolayer in mature LDs is more fluid than that in nascent LDs. The fatty acid compositions of the LD monolayer were different from those of the microsome bilayer in the early stage of differentiation, but similar to those of the microsome bilayer in the late stage of differentiation. These data provide evidence that biophysical properties of the phospholipid monolayer in LDs change during adipocyte differentiation.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Biochemical Society (JBS).
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  • 2
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    Electron-beam-induced migration of hydrogen in Mg-doped GaN using Eu as a probe (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-01
    Description: Author(s): B. Mitchell, D. Lee, D. Lee, A. Koizumi, J. Poplawsky, Y. Fujiwara, and V. Dierolf We demonstrate the use of hydrogen-induced changes in the emission of isoelectric Eu ions, in Mg-doped p -type GaN, as a powerful probe to study the dynamics of hydrogen movement under electron-beam irradiation. We identify, experimentally, a two-step process in the dissociation of Mg-H complexes and... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 121202] Published Mon Sep 30, 2013
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Large Scale Full-Length cDNA Sequencing Reveals a Unique Genomic Landscape in a Lepidopteran Model Insect, Bombyx mori (2013)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: The establishment of a complete genomic sequence of silkworm, the model species of Lepidoptera, laid a foundation for its functional genomics. A more complete annotation of the genome will benefit functional and comparative studies and accelerate extensive industrial applications for this insect. To realize these goals, we embarked upon a large-scale full-length cDNA collection from 21 full-length cDNA libraries derived from 14 tissues of the domesticated silkworm and performed full sequencing by primer walking for 11,104 full-length cDNAs. The large average intron size was 1904 bp, resulting from a high accumulation of transposons. Using gene models predicted by GLEAN and published mRNAs, we identified 16,823 gene loci on the silkworm genome assembly. Orthology analysis of 153 species, including 11 insects, revealed that among three Lepidoptera including Monarch and Heliconius butterflies, the 403 largest silkworm-specific genes were composed mainly of protective immunity, hormone-related, and characteristic structural proteins. Analysis of testis-/ovary-specific genes revealed distinctive features of sexual dimorphism, including depletion of ovary-specific genes on the Z chromosome in contrast to an enrichment of testis-specific genes. More than 40% of genes expressed in specific tissues mapped in tissue-specific chromosomal clusters. The newly obtained FL-cDNA sequences enabled us to annotate the genome of this lepidopteran model insect more accurately, enhancing genomic and functional studies of Lepidoptera and comparative analyses with other insect orders, and yielding new insights into the evolution and organization of lepidopteran-specific genes.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 4
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    Direct transparent electrode patterning on layered GaN substrate by screen printing of indium tin oxide nanoparticle ink for Eu-doped GaN red light-emitting diode (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-04
    Description: Transparent electrodes were formed on Eu-doped GaN-based red-light-emitting diode (GaN:Eu LED) substrates by the screen printing of indium tin oxide nanoparticle (ITO np) inks as a wet process. The ITO nps with a mean diameter of 25 nm were synthesized by the controlled thermolysis of a mixture of indium complexes and tin complexes. After the direct screen printing of ITO np inks on GaN:Eu LED substrates and sintering at 850 °C for 10 min under atmospheric conditions, the resistivity of the ITO film was 5.2 mΩ cm. The fabricated LED up to 3 mm square surface emitted red light when the on-voltage was exceeded.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    HSP90 functions in the circadian clock through stabilization of the client F-box protein ZEITLUPE [Plant Biology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-05
    Description: The autoregulatory loops of the circadian clock consist of feedback regulation of transcription/translation circuits but also require finely coordinated cytoplasmic and nuclear proteostasis. Although protein degradation is important to establish steady-state levels, maturation into their active conformation also factors into protein homeostasis. HSP90 facilitates the maturation of a wide range of client proteins, and studies in metazoan clocks implicate HSP90 as an integrator of input or output. Here we show that the Arabidopsis circadian clock-associated F-box protein ZEITLUPE (ZTL) is a unique client for cytoplasmic HSP90. The HSP90-specific inhibitor geldanamycin and RNAi-mediated depletion of cytoplasmic HSP90 reduces levels of ZTL and lengthens circadian period, consistent with ztl loss-of-function alleles. Transient transfection of artificial microRNA targeting cytoplasmic HSP90 genes similarly lengthens period. Proteolytic targets of SCFZTL, TOC1 and PRR5, are stabilized in geldanamycin-treated seedlings, whereas the levels of closely related clock proteins, PRR3 and PRR7, are unchanged. An in vitro holdase assay, typically used to demonstrate chaperone activity, shows that ZTL can be effectively bound, and aggregation prevented, by HSP90. GIGANTEA, a unique stabilizer of ZTL, may act in the same pathway as HSP90, possibly linking these two proteins to a similar mechanism. Our findings establish maturation of ZTL by HSP90 as essential for proper function of the Arabidopsis circadian clock. Unlike metazoan systems, HSP90 functions here within the core oscillator. Additionally, F-box proteins as clients may place HSP90 in a unique and more central role in proteostasis.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    High current density ion beam obtained by a transition to a highly focused state in extremely low-energy region (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-18
    Description: A high current density (≈3 mA/cm 2 ) hydrogen ion beam source operating in an extremely low-energy region ( E ib ≈ 150–200 eV) has been realized by using a transition to a highly focused state, where the beam is extracted from the ion source chamber through three concave electrodes with nominal focal lengths of ≈350 mm. The transition occurs when the beam energy exceeds a threshold value between 145 and 170 eV. Low-level hysteresis is observed in the transition when E ib is being reduced. The radial profiles of the ion beam current density and the low temperature ion current density can be obtained separately using a Faraday cup with a grid in front. The measured profiles confirm that more than a half of the extracted beam ions reaches the target plate with a good focusing profile with a full width at half maximum of ≈3 cm. Estimation of the particle balances in beam ions, the slow ions, and the electrons indicates the possibility that the secondary electron emission from the target plate and electron impact ionization of hydrogen may play roles as particle sources in this extremely low-energy beam after the compensation of beam ion space charge.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Effects of a dielectric material in an ion source on the ion beam current density and ion beam energy (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-20
    Description: To understand a strong focusing phenomenon that occurs in a low-energy hydrogen ion beam, the electron temperature, the electron density, and the space potential in an ion source with cusped magnetic fields are measured before and after the transition to the focusing state using an electrostatic probe. The experimental results show that no significant changes are observed before or after the transition. However, we found unique phenomena that are characterized by the position of the electrostatic probe in the ion source chamber. Specifically, the extracted ion beam current density and energy are obviously enhanced in the case where the electrostatic probe, which is covered by a dielectric material, is placed close to an acceleration electrode.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Efficient activation of aromatic C-H bonds for addition to C-C multiple bonds (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-17
    Description: Efficient electrophilic metalation of aromatic C-H bonds leading to new C-C bond formation through regio- and stereoselective addition to alkynes and alkenes has been realized by a catalytic amount (0.02 to 5 mole percent) of palladium(II) or platinum(II) compounds in a mixed solvent containing trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature. Various arenes undergo unexpected selective trans hydroarylation to terminal or internal C&cjs0812;C bonds inter- and intramolecularly with high efficiency (up to a turnover number of 4500 for palladium), especially for electron-rich arenes, giving thermodynamically unfavorable cis-alkenes, and the oxygen- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The simplicity, generality, and efficiency of this process should be very attractive to the possible industrial application for the functionalization of arenes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jia -- Piao -- Oyamada -- Lu -- Kitamura -- Fujiwara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):1992-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    A kuroko-type polymetallic sulfide deposit in a submarine silicic caldera (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-12
    Description: Manned submersible studies have delineated a large and actively growing Kuroko-type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit 400 kilometers south of Tokyo in Myojin Knoll submarine caldera. The sulfide body is located on the caldera floor at a depth of 1210 to 1360 meters, has an area of 400 by 400 by 30 meters, and is notably rich in gold and silver. The discovery of a large Kuroko-type polymetallic sulfide deposit in this arc-front caldera raises the possibility that the numerous unexplored submarine silicic calderas elsewhere might have similar deposits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iizasa -- Fiske -- Ishizuka -- Yuasa -- Hashimoto -- Ishibashi -- Naka -- Horii -- Fujiwara -- Imai -- Koyama -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):975-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geological Survey of Japan 1-3, Higashi-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan. Smithsonian Institution MRC-119, Washington, DC 20560-0119, USA. Japan Marine Science & Technology Center 2-15, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. University of Tokyo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Developmental and species-divergent globin switching are driven by BCL11A (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-07
    Description: The contribution of changes in cis-regulatory elements or trans-acting factors to interspecies differences in gene expression is not well understood. The mammalian beta-globin loci have served as a model for gene regulation during development. Transgenic mice containing the human beta-globin locus, consisting of the linked embryonic (epsilon), fetal (gamma) and adult (beta) genes, have been used as a system to investigate the temporal switch from fetal to adult haemoglobin, as occurs in humans. Here we show that the human gamma-globin (HBG) genes in these mice behave as murine embryonic globin genes, revealing a limitation of the model and demonstrating that critical differences in the trans-acting milieu have arisen during mammalian evolution. We show that the expression of BCL11A, a repressor of human gamma-globin expression identified by genome-wide association studies, differs between mouse and human. Developmental silencing of the mouse embryonic globin and human gamma-globin genes fails to occur in mice in the absence of BCL11A. Thus, BCL11A is a critical mediator of species-divergent globin switching. By comparing the ontogeny of beta-globin gene regulation in mice and humans, we have shown that alterations in the expression of a trans-acting factor constitute a critical driver of gene expression changes during evolution.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3749913/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3749913/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sankaran, Vijay G -- Xu, Jian -- Ragoczy, Tobias -- Ippolito, Gregory C -- Walkley, Carl R -- Maika, Shanna D -- Fujiwara, Yuko -- Ito, Masafumi -- Groudine, Mark -- Bender, M A -- Tucker, Philip W -- Orkin, Stuart H -- P01 HL032262/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 27;460(7259):1093-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08243. Epub 2009 Aug 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19657335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fetus/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Silencing ; Globins/*genetics ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Species Specificity ; beta-Globins/genetics ; gamma-Globins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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