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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of Arabis mosaic virus from Mexican orange blossom (Choisya ternata) in the UK (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 51 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00708.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in isolates of Mycogone perniciosa and in disease symptoms in Agaricus bisporus (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eight isolates of Mycogone perniciosa, five from Agaricus bisporus and three from Agaricus arvensis, were studied. One isolate of Mycogone rosae was also included. Aleuriospore and phialospore morphology varied among the isolates as did other characteristics, but M. rosae was the only isolate to produce a red colouration of the medium. Growth was also variable, with three isolates of M. pemiciosa growing at about half the rate of the fastest. The slow-growing isolates contained virus-like particles, 36 nm diameter, and produced sclerodermoid mushrooms. The fast-growing isolates did not contain virus-like particles and caused cap spotting, a symptom not previously described for M. perniciosa. M. rosae produced characteristic cap spots and no scierodermoid mushrooms. A comparison of two isolates of St. perniciosa. one from A. bisporus and one from A arvensis, showed a much greater yield reduction as a result of symptoms caused by the isolate from A. bisporus. The isolate of M. rosae had no significant effect on yield.Restriction fragment banding patterns of ribosomal DNA showed no differences among the seven isolates of M. perniciosa from England, but the isolate from China was slightly different. The single isolate of M. rosae was distinct from M. perniciosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02725.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The incidence of three virus diseases of winter oilseed rape in England and Wales in the 1991/92 and 1992/93 growing seasons (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The incidence and severity of three diseases of oilseed rape, caused by beet western yellows luteovirus (BWYV), cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus (CaMV) and turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV), were assessed in England and Wales in the springs of 1992 and 1993. In 1992, 62% of oilseed rape crops examined were found to contain BWYV, with an average of 28% plants infected; 14% of crops contained CaMV, with an average of 5% plants infected; and TuMV with 3% crops and 〈 1% plants infected. In 1993, BWYV was found in 42% of crops and 12% of plants infected; CaMV in 25% of crops and 7% of plants infected; and TuMV in 14% of crops and 5% plants infected. The yields of plants showing severe virus symptoms were reduced by an estimated 70 to 79%. The high incidence of CaMV and TuMV in oilseed rape crops could have important consequences for rapeseed production in the UK and also serve as a source of virus for vegetable brassicae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb01656.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial observations by the CUTLASS coherent scatter radar of ionospheric modification by high power radio waves (1997)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 15 (1997), S. 1412-1421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented from an experimental campaign in April 1996, in which the new CUTLASS (Co-operative UK twin-located Auroral Sounding System) coherent scatter radar was employed to observe artificial field aligned irregularities (FAI) generated by the EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATter) heating facility at Tromso, Norway. The distribution of back-scatter intensity from within the heated region has been investigated both in azimuth and range with the Finland component of CUTLASS, and the first observations of artificial irregularities by the Iceland radar are also presented. The heated region has been measured to extend over a horizontal distance of 170 ± 50 km, which by comparison with a model of the heater beam pattern corresponds to a threshold electric field for FAI of between 0.1 and O.OlV/m. Differences between field-aligned and vertical propagation heating are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-1412-4
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CUTLASS observations of a high-m ULF wave and its consequences for the DOPE HF Doppler sounder (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1493-1497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions) ; Magnetospheric physics (magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; MHD waves and instabilities)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The CUTLASS (Co-operative UK Twin Located Auroral Sounding System) Finland HF radar, whilst operating in a high spatial and temporal resolution mode, has measured the ionospheric signature of a naturally occurring ULF wave in scatter artificially generated by the Tromsø Heater. The wave had a period of 100 s and exhibited curved phase fronts across the heated volume (about 180 km along a single radar beam). Spatial information provided by CUTLASS has enabled an m-number for the wave of about 38 to be determined. This high-m wave was not detected by the IMAGE (International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects) network of ground magnetometers, as expected for a wave of a small spatial scale size. These observations offer the first independent confirmation of the existence of the ground uncorrelated ULF wave signatures previously reported in measurements recorded from an HF Doppler sounder located in the vicinity of Tromsø. These results both demonstrate a new capability for geophysical exploration from the combined CUTLASS-EISCAT ionospheric Heater experiment, and provide a verification of the HF Doppler technique for the investigation of small scale ULF waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1493-3
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ULF wave occurrence statistics in a high-latitude HF Doppler sounder (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 749-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere; ionosphere -magnetosphere interactions) ; Magnetospheric physics (MHD waves and instabilities)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ultra low frequency (ULF) wave activity in the high-latitude ionosphere has been observed by a high frequency (HF) Doppler sounder located at Tromsø, Norway (69.71°N, 19.2°E geographic coordinates). A statistical study of the occurrence of these waves has been undertaken from data collected between 1979 and 1984. The diurnal, seasonal, solar cycle and geomagnetic activity variations in occurrence have been investigated. The findings demonstrate that the ability of the sounder to detect ULF wave signatures maximises at the equinoxes and that there is a peak in occurrence in the morning sector. The occurrence rate is fairly insensitive to changes associated with the solar cycle but increases with the level of geomagnetic activity. As a result, it has been possible to characterise the way in which prevailing ionospheric and magnetospheric conditions affect such observations of ULF waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0749-2
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cardiovascular and central nervous system effects in the human of U-62066E (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: U-62066E ; Opioid antagonist ; blood pressure ; heart rate ; plasma catecholamines ; naloxone ; Doppler regional blood flow ; kappa receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cardiovascular and central nervous system effects of the kappa opioid receptor agonist U-62066E were investigated in ten normal male subjects who received U-62066E or placebo with low or high dose naloxone in a randomized, double blind study. Blood pressure and heart rate in the supine and standing position, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline, regional Doppler blood velocity indices and psychometric assessments were recoreded for 1.25 h before and 6 h following injection. U-62066E caused sedation and dysphoria but no euphoria. Plasma noradrenaline was increased by U62066E when compared with basal levels. This action of U62066E was prevented by high but not low dose naloxone. U-62066E had no significant effect on blood pressure, heart rate or regional blood flow indices in the vessels studied and no effect on plasma adrenaline levels. Since U62066E at a dose known to have marked kappa effects was not found to influence cardiovascular indices our results do not support a major role for kappa opioids in the control of the circulation. However, U62066E may influence noradrenaline release or clearance and cause sedation and psychotomimetic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192549
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High spatial and temporal resolution observations of an impulse-driven field line resonance in radar backscatter artificially generated with the Tromsø heater (1997)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 15 (1997), S. 634-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The CUTLASS Finland HF radar has been operated in conjunction with the EISCAT Tromsø RF ionospheric heater facility to examine a ULF wave characteristic of the development of a field line resonance (FLR) driven by a cavity mode caused by a magnetospheric impulse. When the heater is on, striating the ionosphere with field-aligned ionospheric electron density irregularities, a large enough radar target is generated to allow post-integration over only 1 second. When combined with 15 km range gates, this gives radar measurements of a naturally occurring ULF wave at a far better temporal and spatial resolution than has been achieved previously. The time-dependent signature of the ULF wave has been examined as it evolves from a large-scale cavity resonance, through a transient where the wave period was latitude-dependent and the oscillation had the characteristics of freely ringing field lines, and finally to a very narrow, small-scale local field line resonance. The resonance width of the FLR is only 60 km and this is compared with previous observations and theory. The FLR wave signature is strongly attenuated in the ground magnetometer data. The characterisation of the impulse driven FLR was only achieved very crudely with the ground magnetometer data and, in fact, an accurate determination of the properties of the cavity and field line resonant systems challenges the currently available limitations of ionospheric radar techniques. The combination of the latest ionospheric radars and facilities such as the Tromsø ionospheric heater can result in a powerful new tool for geophysical research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0634-9
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-latitude HF Doppler observations of ULF waves: 2. Waves with small spatial scale sizes (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 868-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere; ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions) ; Magnetospheric physics (MHD waves and instabilities)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The DOPE (Doppler Pulsation Experiment) HF Doppler sounder located near Tromsø, Norway (geographic: 69.6°N 19.2°E; L = 6.3) is deployed to observe signatures, in the high-latitude ionosphere, of magnetospheric ULF waves. A type of wave has been identified which exhibits no simultaneous ground magnetic signature. They can be subdivided into two classes which occur in the dawn and dusk local time sectors respectively. They generally have frequencies greater than the resonance fundamentals of local field lines. It is suggested that these may be the signatures of high-m ULF waves where the ground magnetic signature has been strongly attenuated as a result of the scale size of the waves. The dawn population demonstrate similarities to a type of magnetospheric wave known as giant (Pg) pulsations which tend to be resonant at higher harmonics on magnetic field lines. In contrast, the waves occurring in the dusk sector are believed to be related to the storm-time Pc5s previously reported in VHF radar data. Dst measurements support these observations by indicating that the dawn and dusk classes of waves occur respectively during geomagnetically quiet and more active intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0868-9
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the editor First direct observations of the reduced striations at pump frequencies close to the electron gyroharmonics (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1235-1238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (active experiments; ionospheric irregularities) ; Radio science (ionospheric physics)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is well known that the ionospheric plasma response to high-power HF radio waves changes drastically as the heater frequency approaches harmonics of the electron gyrofrequency. These include changes in the spectrum of the stimulated electromagnetic emission, reduction in the anomalous absorption of low-power diagnostic waves propagating through the heated volume, and reduction in the large scale F-region heating. Theoretical models as well as previous experimental evidence point towards the absence of small-scale field-aligned plasma density irregularities at pump frequencies close to electron gyroharmonics as the main cause of these changes. Results presented in this paper are the first direct observations of the reduced striations at the 3rd gyroharmonic made by the CUTLASS radar. In addition, simultaneous EISCAT observations have revealed that the “enhanced ion-line” usually present in the EISCAT ion-line spectrum during the first few seconds after heater switch on, persisted at varying strengths while the heater was transmitting at frequencies close to the 3rd electron gyroharmonics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1235-6
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