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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 18 (1974), S. 259-271 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The biophotothermal time scale for barley derived previously and based on daily maximum and minimum temperatures and photoperiod was examined and tested further. The threshold temperature of 4.3°C and the optimum of 19 or 20°C found for the planting to emergence phase, and the optimum temperature values of 18.4°C for minimum and 24.8°C for maximum for heading to soft dough were not inconsistent with the results of other authors. For some of the other cardinal points, no meaningful values were found. Tests of the biophotothermal equations with independent data indicated that they could usefully be applied under the environmental conditions prevailing on most of Canada's present or potential farmland. They gave dubious results when applied to very cool marine climates on some exposed coastal parts of Canada, and were unsatisfactory for the short-day regimes that affected early-season plantings at Buenos Aires. The equations for barley seemed much less universally applicable than those for wheat.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 18 (1974), S. 57-69 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch wiederholte Regressionsanalyse der Temperature über 5 Jahre, der Photoperiode und der phänologischen Daten für Olli-Gerste an 9 kanadischen Standorten wurden die Parameter für eine Gleichung gewonnen, die das Getreidewachstum von der Saat bis zum Schösslingetreiben, Ährenschieben, und den Stadien der Milchreife und Hartreife wiedergibt. Das triquadratische Modell hat Robertson kürzlich entwickelt und auf Marquis-Weizen angewandt. Die Notwendigkeit, die gleiche Grenztemperatur sowohl für die tägliche Maximumals auch Minimumtemperatur anzuwenden, erschwert die Analyse und macht das Modell weniger wirklichkeitsnah. Trotz dieser Begrenzungen des Modells sind die abgeleiteten Parameter nützlich, wenn sie unter Umweltbedingungen angewendet werden, die denen im Experiment ähneln. Unter solchen Bedingungen scheint das Modell für Gerste ebenso gut zu sein wie für Weizen, trotz der erheblichen Unterschiede im Entwicklungsverhalten der beiden Getreidearten.
    Abstract: Resume Au moyen d'une analyse par régression itérative on a calculé les poids respectifs de la température et de la photopériode dans une équation représentant le développement de l'orge Olli. Cette équation est applicable aux phases séparant le semis de la levée, la levée du tallage, le tallage de l'épiaison, l'épiaison du stade laiteux et le stade laiteux de la maturité. Pour ce faire, on a utilisé des valeurs tant météorologiques que phénologiques provenant de neuf endroits du Canada et recueillies durant cinq années. On a utilisé le modèle triquadratique développé précédemment par Robertson et qu'il a appliqué au blé Marquis. La nécessité d'utiliser le même seuil de température aussi bien pour le maximum que pour le minimum journaliers cause des difficultés d'analyse et rend le modèle moins réaliste. Malgré les limites du modèle lui-même, les paramètres qui en découlent sont probablement directement utilisables dans des conditions ambiantes semblables à celles ayant régné lors de l'acquisition des valeurs de base. Dans ce cas, le modèle semble aussi bien applicable à l'orge qu'il l'était au blé, bien que les deux cultures se distinguent nettement l'une de l'autre quant à leurs impératifs de développement.
    Notes: Abstract Parameters for an equation representing crop development from planting to emergence, jointing, heading, soft dough and hard dough stages were obtained by iterative regression analysis of five years of temperature, photoperiod, and Olli barley phenological data from nine Canadian locations. The triquadratic model previously developed and applied to Marquis wheat by Robertson was used. The necessity of using the same threshold temperature for both the maximum and the minimum daily temperature causes analysis difficulties and makes the model less realistic. In spite of the model's limitations, the derived parameters are probably quite useful when applied under environmental conditions similar to those represented in the experiment. Under such conditions, the model seems to perform about as well for barley as it did for wheat, in spite of the considerable differences in the development behaviour of the two crops, especially barley's faster rate of development toward maturity.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 20 (1976), S. 108-127 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper demonstrates how standard climatological data can effectively be exploited by making use of biometeorological knowledge and modern data processing facilities in studies concerned with the evaluation of crop-weather relationships and the analysis of climatic resources. In analyzing potential biological yield of wheat at Normandin (Quebec), it was found that the potential yield was reduced by approximately 45% because of variations in temperature and radiation whereas the actual yield was reduced by 70%. In mesoscale analyses, the error between soil moisture observations and estimates from a climatological soil moisture budget was in the same order as the standard deviation of 3-times replicated 38 soil moisture samples taken over five years at Swift Current (Sask.). An analysis of crop-weather relationships at Lacombe (Alta.) indicated that the 1957 wheat yield was reduced from the potential 3,300 kg/ha to 2,004 kg/ha or by 40% because of a severe cold spell during the soft dough developing stage resulting in improper filling of the kernels. In macroscale analyses, relative winter hardiness indices for woody ornamental plants together with site suitability indices for winter survival were used in the development of a map of plant hardiness zones in Canada. In the application of this research to forage crops average winter survival percentage of legumes and grasses by classes of hardiness together with selected regional climatic averages were developed for six regions of southern Canada. Long-term research into the relationships between Canadian Prairie crop yields and development (wheat, oats and barley) and selected climatic and soil variables has been used successfully for estimating regional crop production, for determining climatic limitations of the area suitable for the cultivation of these crops, and for assessing the impact of postulated climatic changes on crop production.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1976-11-01
    Description: not available
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1969-10-01
    Description: Regression estimates of temperature normals at nearly 1200 locations based on latitude, longitude and elevation were used, together with photoperiod data, in a biometeorological time scale equation to compute where spring wheat would mature, and the normal minimum air temperature at maturity. The resulting wheat zonation, which seemed reasonably realistic, indicated that an elevation of 1200 m in the southwest corner of Alberta was equivalent to about 160 m near Great Slave Lake. Southern parts of the Great Plains were zoned as favorable for maturing wheat, except in the foothills and some other areas of relatively high elevation, such as the Cypress Hills. North of Edmonton the favorable areas, with estimated normal minimum at wheat maturity of at least 5 °C, were confined to the main valleys, and the area where wheat would theoretically mature extended down the Mackenzie valley to around Wrigley.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1975-02-01
    Description: Macroscale analyses relating crops to weather and soils have important applications, such as that of obtaining equations for use by marketing agencies in assessing regional crop prospects. To help meet such needs, regression analyses were performed on 12 yr of crop-district cereal yields. From 57 to 86% of the yield variation was explained by precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, soil texture, topography and trend terms, or generally more than twice as much as could be accounted for using only texture, topography and trend. Yield variation, and the proportion of it that could be explained, was greatest in the Brown soil zone and least in the Black, Gray and Dark Gray zone. Less of the variation could be explained for wheat than for oats and barley. In analyses of 10-yr subsets of the 12 yr, the proportion explained was considerably less for 1963–1972 than for other combinations of years.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1976-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1974-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1974-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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