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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge freezing and surface anisotropy on magnetite (100) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6742-6744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scanning tunneling microscope images of the (100) surface of slightly nonstoichiometric magnetite taken at room temperature show static arrays of pairs of Fe2+ ions with short-range order, and a charge fluctuation time greater than 103 s. The surface appears to be a Wigner glass with electron pairs localized on adjacent ions as the basic unit. The explanation of Wigner localization at room temperature on the surface only is that the spin-polarized minority-spin band derived from dyz orbitals is stabilized and narrowed by the absence of an apicial oxygen from the B-site octahedron. This leads to surface anisotropy where the Fe2+ spins are pinned normal to the {100} surfaces. Surface anisotropy is expected to outweigh bulk anisotropy in submicron particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352522
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic imaging of surfaces on the atomic scale by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (invited) (abstract) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5816-5816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Based on the direct observation of vacuum tunneling of spin-polarized electrons by means of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with a ferromagnetic CrO2 tip, it has been possible to probe the alternating magnetization of different terraces of a Cr(001) surface on a nanometer scale.1,2 More recently, we have achieved even atomic resolution in magnetic-sensitive STM studies of Fe3O4 (001) surfaces by using atomically sharp, in situ prepared Fe probe tips.3,4 An atomic-scale contrast between the different magnetic ions Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) in magnetite has been detected with these Fe tips which is not present by using nonmagnetic W tips.5 The experimental results based on magnetic-sensitive STM and local tunneling spectroscopy indicate the presence of a Wigner glass state at the Fe3O4 (001) surface at room temperature. The perspectives of atomic-resolution magnetic-sensitive STM studies for the characterization of magnetic surfaces, ultra-thin films, and multilayers in general will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353535
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress towards spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 5489-5499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Solutions to the main problems in operating a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope are discussed. Preliminary experimental results obtained in the course of implementing these solutions are reported. Atomic resolution on Si(111) and Si(100) is achieved with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) using chromium and iron tips. Fabrication of antiferromagnetic tips of Cr, MnNi, and MnPt is described. A technique of preparation of clean (100) surfaces of Fe3O4 (magnetite) is given. Low-energy electron diffraction patterns were obtained on Fe3O4 for the first time. The first STM experimental results obtained on magnetite in air and in ultrahigh vacuum are reported. Atomic resolution is obtained on Fe3O4 (100) with an ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope using iron and tungsten tips. This is the first successful observation of atomic resolution on a ferromagnetic sample using a ferromagnetic tip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350522
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A low-temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope with a split-coil magnet and a rotary motion stepper motor for high spatial resolution studies of surface magnetism (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 424-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present the design of a new ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM) which operates at T〈20 K inside the bore of a 2.5 T superconducting split-coil magnet. The tip/sample region can easily be controlled visually, thus allowing safe and fast exchange of samples and tips while the microscope stays at low temperatures. A newly developed rotary motion stepper motor is presented which allows rotation of the sample by 〉270° about an axis perpendicular to the tip axis. This feature allows metal or molecular beam evaporation normal to the sample surface. Even more important, by means of this device tip and sample can be brought into a parallel or antiparallel magnetic configuration thus opening a novel approach to the study of magnetic phenomena on an atomic length scale. In addition, measurements of the magneto-optical Kerr effect can be carried out without removing the sample from the STM. Also a new tip exchange mechanism is described. The microscopic and spectroscopic performance of the new instrument is illustrated on Au(111)/mica, on Tb(0001)/W(110), and on Gd(0001)/W(110). © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150218
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope for in situ studies of thin-film growth (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1455-1457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope design has been developed and optimized for in situ investigations of thin-film growth. The basic concept of the microscope is to retract the sample by means of the coarse positioning motor under an angle of 30° with respect to the piezotube scanner. This geometric arrangement allows normal film deposition and excludes any interaction between the evaporation beam and the tip. The instrument has the capability of regaining a particular microscopic location on the sample surface with an accuracy of less than 100 nm posterior to a sample displacement of more than 20 mm. Sequences of images of a spot during homoepitaxial growth of Cr on a Cr(100) single-crystal substrate have been obtained. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147951
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bubble domains in garnet films studied by magnetic force microscopy (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 6324-6326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied magnetic domain structure in (YSmLuCa)3(FeGe)5O12 garnet thin film by using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Domain wall contrast of bubble domains has been revealed using Permalloy–Fe double-layer thin-film tips. We have also observed that nanometer scale deformations of the surface disturb a magnetic bubble structure by introducing stripe domains. MFM images have shown that stripe domains pin their domain walls to surface scratches. The domains can change their location with respect to a scratch by switching a domain wall pinned to a scratch. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360513
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical polarization of quantum magnets in high density arrays of nickel dots with small height-to-diameter ratio (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2168-2170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using interferometric lithography and postexposure processing we have fabricated high density (1.3×1010/in.2) magnetic nickel dot arrays on silicon substrates. The dots have the shape of truncated cones and are 75 nm in height and about 120 nm in diameter. The arrays are characterized using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). We demonstrate that such shallow dots with a small height-to-diameter ratio of only 0.63, show single-domain behavior with vertical, out-of-plane magnetization, i.e., along their short axis. The coercive field of these dots is drastically enlarged due to shape anisotropy and is exceeding the dot interaction strength by about one order of magnitude. Local manipulation of the magnetization state using an additional external field and the stray field of the MFM tip is demonstrated. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanometer scale structure fabrication with the scanning tunneling microscope (1987)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 244-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanometer scale structures have been produced on atomically flat surfaces of metallic glasses using the scanning tunneling microscope in the tunneling mode with enhanced local current densities and strong electric fields. Depending on the current and the electric field enhanced diffusion, local crystallization of the glassy state or Taylor cone formation of the locally molten surface can occur. These structures provide a potential means of studying the behavior of matter at nanometer dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98461
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topography and local modification of the HoBa2Cu3O7−x(001) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 2447-2449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The topography of the (001) surface of a high Tc superconducting HoBa2Cu3O7−x single crystal was investigated in air using scanning tunneling microscopy. We found large, flat terraces separated by growth steps. The heights of these steps correspond to multiples of the c-axis lattice constant of 11.7 A(ring) of the perovskite structure. These steps have been verified by atomic force microscopy. On a smaller scale the flat terraces showed some fine structure with a corrugation height of 4 to 5 A(ring) and a lateral extent of several nanometers. In addition, we succeeded in creating nanometer-sized structures by increasing the sample bias voltage and tunneling current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100524
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogenated amorphous silicon studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4515-4517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions in order to study the local electronic properties, as well as the topographical and chemical structure of hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Local characteristics were measured and images of the topography, as well as simultaneously recorded images of the local tunneling barrier height, were obtained with subnanometer resolution. The experimental results demonstrate that chemical inhomogeneities on a subnanometer scale, which may be caused by the presence of hydrogen in these samples, can be detected in the local tunneling barrier height images.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340148
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