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  • 1
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    A multi-model assessment of last interglacial temperatures (2013)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 9, pp. 699-717, ISSN: 1814-9324
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: The last interglaciation (~130 to 116 ka) is a time period with a strong astronomically induced seasonal forcing of insolation compared to the present. Proxy records indicate a significantly different climate to that of the modern, in particular Arctic summer warming and higher eustatic sea level. Because the forcings are relatively well constrained, it provides an opportunity to test numerical models which are used for future climate prediction. In this paper we compile a set of climate model simulations of the early last interglaciation (130 to 125 ka), encompassing a range of model complexities. We compare the simulations to each other and to a recently published compilation of last interglacial temperature estimates. We show that the annual mean response of the models is rather small, with no clear signal in many regions. However, the seasonal response is more robust, and there is significant agreement amongst models as to the regions of warming vs cooling. However, the quantitative agreement of the model simulations with data is poor, with the models in general underestimating the magnitude of response seen in the proxies. Taking possible seasonal biases in the proxies into account improves the agreement, but only marginally. However, a lack of uncertainty estimates in the data does not allow us to draw firm conclusions. Instead, this paper points to several ways in which both modelling and data could be improved, to allow a more robust model–data comparison.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Controls of Caribbean surface hydrology during the mid- to late Holocene: insights from monthly resolved coral records (2013)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 9, pp. 841-858, ISSN: 1814-9324
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Several proxy-based and modeling studies have investigated long-term changes in Caribbean climate during the Holocene, however, very little is known on its variability on short timescales. Here we reconstruct seasonality and interannual to multidecadal variability of sea surface hydrology of the southern Caribbean Sea by applying paired coral Sr/Ca and δ18O measurements on fossil annually banded Diploria strigosa corals from Bonaire. This allows for better understanding of seasonal to multidecadal variability of the Caribbean hydrological cycle during the mid- to late Holocene. The monthly resolved coral Δδ18O records are used as a proxy for the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater (δ18Osw) of the southern Caribbean Sea. Consistent with modern day conditions, annual δ18Osw cycles reconstructed from three modern corals reveal that freshwater budget at the study site is influenced by both net precipitation and advection of tropical freshwater brought by wind-driven surface currents. In contrast, the annual δ18Osw cycle reconstructed from a mid-Holocene coral indicates a sharp peak towards more negative values in summer, suggesting intense summer precipitation at 6 ka BP (before present). In line with this, our model simulations indicate that increased seasonality of the hydrological cycle at 6 ka BP results from enhanced precipitation in summertime. On interannual to multidecadal timescales, the systematic positive correlation observed between reconstructed sea surface temperature and salinity suggests that freshwater discharged from the Orinoco and Amazon rivers and transported into the Caribbean by wind-driven surface currents is a critical component influencing sea surface hydrology on these timescales.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    Response of Atlantic Overturning to future warming in a coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice sheet model (2015)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-09
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    Intensification and poleward shift of subtropical western boundary currents in a warming climate (2016)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, Wiley, 121, pp. 4928-4945, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: A significant increase in sea surface temperature (SST) is observed over the midlatitude western boundary currents (WBCs) during the past century. However, the mechanism for this phenomenon remains poorly understood due to limited observations. In the present paper, several coupled parameters (i.e., sea surface temperature (SST), ocean surface heat fluxes, ocean water velocity, ocean surface winds and sea level pressure (SLP)) are analyzed to identify the dynamic changes of the WBCs. Three types of independent data sets are used, including reanalysis products, satellite-blended observations. and climate model outputs from the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Based on these broad ranges of data, we find that the WBCs (except the Gulf Stream) are intensifying and shifting toward the poles as long-term effects of global warming. An intensification and poleward shift of near-surface ocean winds, attributed to positive annular mode-like trends, are proposed to be the forcing of such dynamic changes. In contrast to the other WBCs, the Gulf Stream is expected to be weaker under global warming, which is most likely related to a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, we also notice that the natural variations of WBCs might conceal the long-term effect of global warming in the available observational data sets, especially over the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, long-term observations or proxy data are necessary to further evaluate the dynamics of the WBCs.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    Neogene integrated magnetobiostratigraphy of the central Kerguelen Plateau, Leg 120 (1992)
    In:  EPIC3Proc ODP, Sci Results, 120, pp. 1031-1052
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Simulated Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation during the Holocene (2012)
    AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Climate, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, (25), pp. 6989-7002, ISSN: 0894-8755
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and its possible change during the Holocene are examined in this study, using long-term simulations of the Earth system model COSMOS. A quasi-persistent ~55- to 80-year cycle characterizing in the North Atlantic sea surface temperature, is highly associated with the multidecadal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the Holocene. This mode can be found throughout the Holocene, indicating that the AMO is dominated by internal climate variability. Stronger-than-normal AMOC results in warmer-than-normal surface temperature, spreading over almost the whole North Hemisphere, in particular the North Atlantic Ocean. During the warm phase of the AMO, more precipitation is detected in the North Atlantic low and high latitudes. It also generates a dipolar seesaw pattern in the sea ice anomaly. The results reveal that the influence of the AMO can be amplified by a more vigorous AMOC variability during the early Holocene in the presence of a remnant of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and when freshwater entered the North Atlantic Ocean. This conclusion could have potential application for the past AMO reconstruction and the future AMO estimation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 7
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    Simulation of physical soil characteristics in a General Circulation Model: An amplifying mechanism for glacial and mid Holocene climate (2012)
    In:  EPIC33rd International Conference on Earth System Modelling, Hamburg, 2012-09-17-2012-09-21
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Proxy records indicate that regions of potential vegetation feedbacks have undergone dramatic climate changes during the Quaternary (last 2.588 Ma before pre-industrial). State-of-the-art General Circulation Models (GCM) struggle to simulate the full range of reconstructed climate alterations in these regions, either by underestimating, or by not capturing the impact of important feedback-mechanisms. Recent modelling studies suggest that on longer time scales (kiloyears, ka) pedogenesis might be a crucial feedback, which is not yet included in GCMs. We developed a soil scheme which is asynchronously coupled to a state-of-the-art GCM. Here, we test the scheme for conditions representative of a warmer (mid Holocene, 6 ka ago) and colder (Last Glacial Maximum, 21 ka ago) than present-day climate. The computed change of physical soil properties (e.g. albedo, water storage capacity, and soil texture) for these different climates leads to amplified global climate anomalies. Especially regions like the transition zone of desert/savannah and taiga/tundra, exhibit an increased response as a result of the modified soil treatment. This shows that the inclusion of an interactive soil scheme and associated feedback-mechanisms in climate models might be an important step towards a better representation of past climate changes as recorded in the geological past.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 8
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    Simulated Caribbean Climate Variability During the Mid-Holocene (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Research School, Heidelberg, Springer, 138 p., pp. 64-69, ISBN: ISBN 978-3-642-32234
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 9
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    PMIP3 simulations in COSMOS (2012)
    In:  EPIC3PMIP3 meeting, Crewe, UK, 2012-05-06-2012-05-11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Simulation of physical soil characteristics in a General Circulation Model: An amplifying mechanism for glacial and mid Holocene climate (2012)
    In:  EPIC32012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 2012-12-03-2012-12-07
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Proxy records indicate that regions of potential vegetation feedbacks have undergone dramatic climate changes during the Quaternary (last 2.6 Ma before pre-industrial). State-of-the-art General Circulation Models (GCM) struggle to simulate the full range of reconstructed climate alterations in these regions, either by underestimating, or by not capturing the impact of important feedback-mechanisms. Recent modelling studies suggest that on longer time scales (kiloyears, ka) pedogenesis might be a crucial feedback, which is not yet included in GCMs. We developed a soil scheme which is asynchronously coupled to a state-of-the-art GCM. Here, we test the scheme for conditions representative of a warmer (mid Holocene, 6 ka ago) and colder (Last Glacial Maximum, 21 ka ago) than present-day climate. The computed change of physical soil properties (e.g. albedo, water storage capacity, and soil texture) for these different climates leads to amplified global climate anomalies. Especially regions like the transition zone of desert/savannah and taiga/tundra, exhibit an increased response as a result of the modified soil treatment. This shows that the inclusion of an interactive soil scheme and associated feedback-mechanisms in climate models might be an important step towards a better representation of past climate changes as recorded in the geological past.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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