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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubilities of Fluorocarbons in Cyclohexane and 1,4-Dioxane (1965)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 69 (1965), S. 3200-3202 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100893a521
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trimethoprim: Prediction of serum concentrations from saliva measurements (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 457-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: trimethoprim ; saliva ; serum concentration ; prediction of drug concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Saliva has been used in the past as a non-invasive predictor of serum drug concentration. Prediction may be made from a regression line of saliva versus serum concentration or from an equation proposed by Matin et al. (1974); such predictions have been examined for trimethoprim, a drug that has a pKa of 7.3, the degree of ionisation influencing its partition between saliva and serum. A relationship was found between serum and saliva trimethoprim concentrations. Salivary trimethoprim concentrations were marginally related to salivary flow rate, but not salivary pH. The precision and bias of prediction from linear regression and the equation of Matin et al. (1974) was considered; the equation did not describe the relationship between serum and saliva trimethoprim concentrations and we conclude that its use is inappropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607960
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling person-shapes for thermal comfort studies (1987)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 31 (1987), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Numerical modelling of radiation exchange between a person and the surrounding environment has proven to be a difficult problem in thermal comfort studies, largely because of the complexity of the human shape. However, recent procedures suggest that, if the orientation of a person is not important, the human body may be represented by the combination of a number of simple geometric shapes which are weighted by reference to experimental data. These procedures are extended and are shown to satisfactorily approximate the human form when the orientation of the person with respect to a radiating surface is important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02192834
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating person view-factors from fish-eye lens photographs (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 32 (1988), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: View-factor ; Fish-eye lens ; Building geometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple technique is described whereby view-factors can be estimated for a person at locations where the building geometry is complex. Procedures are outlined for the construction of a polar diagram whose grid cells give equal person view-factors: the diagram is designed to overlay a fish-eye lens photograph, enabling the estimation of view-factors of distinctive surfaces in the photograph image for standing and seated people.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01044905
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling longwave radiation exchange between complex shapes (1985)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 33 (1985), S. 363-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Modelling longwave radiation exchange between a complex shape and surrounding surfaces requires the specification of view-factors for that shape. View-factors for complex shapes are usually determined either from experimental observations or by direct integration over a geometrical element which is assumed to approximate the complex shape. An alternative, combining both approaches, is to integrate over more than one geometric shape and then to derive weights for those shapes, according to their relative surface areas, from experimental data. Application of the technique is illustrated by the determination of view-factors between a person and the surfaces of a room.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116684
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of surface urban heat islands under ‘IDEAL’ conditions at night part 1: Theory and tests against field data (1991)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 56 (1991), S. 275-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations show that the urban heat island in the atmospheric layer below roof level is most strongly developed during calm, cloudless conditions at night. This paper outlines two versions of a numerical model to describe the cooling of rural and street canyon surfaces under these conditions using surface thermal and radiative properties and the radiative geometry of the canyons. One version uses a full system of differential equations and the other the simpler force-restore approach. The two approaches are shown to be in general agreement and the output of the simpler model is shown to give a faithful representation of cooling of rural and urban surfaces, and therefore heat islands, when compared with field observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120424
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of surface urban heat islands under ‘ideal’ conditions at night part 2: Diagnosis of causation (1991)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 56 (1991), S. 339-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple energy balance model which simulates the thermal regime of urban and rural surfaces under calm, cloudless conditions at night is used to assess the relative importance of the commonly stated causes of urban heat islands. Results show that the effects of street canyon geometry on radiation and of thermal properties on heat storage release, are the primary and almost equal causes on most occasions. In very cold conditions, space heating of buildings can become a dominant cause but this depends on wall insulation. The effects of the urban ‘greenhouse’ and surface emissivity are relatively minor. The model confirms the importance of local control especially the relation between street geometry and the heat island and highlights the importance of rural thermal properties and their ability to produce seasonal variation in the heat island. A possible explanation for the small heat
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00119211
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excess enthalpies and apparent molar volumes of some N-methyl substituted amino acids in aqueous solutions (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 18 (1989), S. 131-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Enthalpies of dilution ; density ; partial molar volume ; N-methyl amino acid ; aqueous solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The excess enthalpies and limiting partial molar volumes at 25°C for aqueous solutions of N-methyl glycine, N-methyl alanine, and N-methyl serine are reported and compared with the same properties for the parent amino acids. For each N-methyl derivative the enthalpic contribution to the pairwise interaction is less favorable than that for the parent amino acid. The contribution of the N-methyl substituent to V 2 0 is similar for each amino acid, and is about 2 cm3-mol−1 greater than for a methyl substituent on the α-carbon. These observations have been rationalized in terms of the likely solute-solvent interactions. In addition a rigid particle model is used with the volume data to examine solute-solvent interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00649569
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Person view-factors in the urban environment (1984)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 34 (1984), S. 273-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Jüngst veröffentlichte Vorschriften zur Berechnung des menschlichen Wärmestresses in einer städtischen Umgebung bezogen die Beiträge des Himmels, der Gebäudewände und der Straßen ein. Der Bruchteil der Gesamtlangwellenstrahlung, die von einer Person aus jeder dieser Flächen empfangen wird, kann durch deren entsprechende Ansichtsfaktoren beschrieben werden. Bisher waren jedoch die Vorschriften zur Bestimmung derartiger Ansichtsfaktoren in einer städtischen Umgebung nur mangelhaft beschrieben. Die vorliegende Arbeit empfiehlt eine Technik, mittels der die Ansichtsfaktoren von Himmel, Wänden und Straße für eine Person in einer städtischen Straßenschlucht berechnet werden können, ungeachtet der komplexen Natur der Horizontlinie der Stadt.
    Notes: Summary Recent procedures for estimating human heat-stress in urban environments have included the contribution of longwave radiation from surrounding sky, walls and streets. The fraction of the total longwave radiation received from each of these surfaces by a person may be described by their respective view-factors but, hitherto, techniques by which view-factors may be determined in the urban environment have been deficient. This paper describes a technique by which sky, wall and street view-factors may be calculated for a person in an urban canyon, regardless of the complexity of the city skyline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265493
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  • 10
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    Modelling longwave radiation exchange between complex shapes (1985)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0006-8314
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1472
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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