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  • 1
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    Distribution of clay minerals in surface sediments off Yangtze River estuary. (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Based on the clay minerals, content analysis from 187 stations in the surface sediments, this paper dealt with the assemblages and the distributions of clay minerals in the surface sediments off the Yangtze River estuary. The research results showed that the illite dominates the surface sediments off the Yangtze River estuary with the smectite or kaolinite the second rank and chlorite the third rank; the illite-smectite- kaolinite- chlorite-assemblage is the main type of the clay minerals assemblage in the area, with the illite-kaolinite-chlorite-smectite -type as the second rank; the source of clay mineral is mainly from the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. The Q-type cluster analysis show that sediments from both recent and ancient Yellow River were deposited mainly in the northeast part of the study area to the north of 29°30′. Substance from the Yangtze River was deposited mainly in the western and middle parts off the Yangtze River estuary.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Clay minerals ; Distribution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 2
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    Distribution of clay minerals in surface sediments off Yangtze River estuary. (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Based on the clay minerals, content analysis from 187 stations in the surface sediments, this paper dealt with the assemblages and the distributions of clay minerals in the surface sediments off the Yangtze River estuary. The research results showed that the illite dominates the surface sediments off the Yangtze River estuary with the smectite or kaolinite the second rank and chlorite the third rank; the illite-smectite- kaolinite- chlorite-assemblage is the main type of the clay minerals assemblage in the area, with the illite-kaolinite-chlorite-smectite -type as the second rank; the source of clay mineral is mainly from the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. The Q-type cluster analysis show that sediments from both recent and ancient Yellow River were deposited mainly in the northeast part of the study area to the north of 29°30′. Substance from the Yangtze River was deposited mainly in the western and middle parts off the Yangtze River estuary.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Clay minerals ; Distribution characteristic
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Not Known
    Format: pp.56-69
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  • 3
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    Water, Vol. 9, Pages 568: Optimal Hedging Rules for Water Supply Reservoir Operations under Forecast Uncertainty and Conditional Value-at-Risk Criterion (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-31
    Description: Water, Vol. 9, Pages 568: Optimal Hedging Rules for Water Supply Reservoir Operations under Forecast Uncertainty and Conditional Value-at-Risk Criterion Water doi: 10.3390/w9080568 Authors: Bin Xu Ping-An Zhong Qiyou Huang Jianqun Wang Zhongbo Yu Jianyun Zhang Hedging rules for water supply reservoir operations provide guidelines for balancing the consequences of competing water allocations. When inflow forecast uncertainty is addressed, hedging acts as insurances for offsetting the negative influence of water shortage in the future, especially when drought is anticipated. This study used a risk-averse criterion, the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), rather than the expected value (EV) criterion, to rationalize water delivery for overcoming the shortcomings of risk-neutral hedging rules in minimizing water shortage impacts in unfavorable realizations, in which actual inflow is less than anticipated. A two-period hedging model with the objective of maximizing the CVaR of total benefits from water delivery and water storage is established, and the optimal hedging rules using first-order optimality condition are analytically derived. Differences in hedging rules under the two criteria are highlighted by theoretical analysis and numerical experiments. The methods are applied to guide the operations of a water supply reservoir, and results show that: (1) the hedging rules under the EV criterion are special cases under the CVaR criterion; (2) water delivery in the current period would be greatly curtailed under the high influence of forecast uncertainty or the significant risk-averse attitude of decision makers; (3) hedging to maximize the CVaR of total benefit is at the cost of reducing the EV of total benefit; and (4) in real-time operations, compared with the hedging policies under the EV criterion, the hedging policies under the CVaR criterion would be more effective when applied to dry and extremely dry hydrological conditions, especially when inflow is overestimated. These implications provide new insights into rationing water supply and risk aversion.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 4
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    Characteristics of Mudstone in Complex Fluvial Sedimentary System in Bohai L Oilfield (2018)
    Canadian Center of Science and Education
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-10
    Description: Bohai L oilfield develops a complex fluvial sedimentary system, which includes many types of fluvial sedimentary facies. Based on the coring well of oil field, the distribution characteristics of mudstone are analyzed, it is shown that the mudstone has similar internal structure and can be classified into four types according to its color: gray to grayish, variegated, brown to gray-brown and khaki, the assemblage has a large gray to grayish mudstone section, large gray to grayish mudstone intercalated thin layer sandstone, gray to grayish mudstone associated with variegated (brown) mudstone, grayish mudstone associated with lacustrine sand grain bedding sandstone, concomitant generation of large staggered bedding sandstone and grayish mudstone, mixed (gray-brown) mudstone associated with large staggered bedding sandstone, interaction between different colors of mudstone and sandstone and large interlaced sandstone intercalated with thin layer mudstone. The mudstone color is mainly gray and grayish, and very few oxidized mudstone is developed alone, which indicates that fluvial mudstone may be formed in the reductive environment in humid climate, and the fluvial mudstone in this area may be formed in the oxidizing environment, which is different from the general understanding of fluvial facies, the oxidation color is the result of the later transformation.
    Print ISSN: 1927-0542
    Electronic ISSN: 1927-0550
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education
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  • 5
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    Climate change and probabilistic scenario of streamflow extremes in a cryospheric alpine region (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-10
    Description: Future projections of streamflow extremes are of paramount significance in assessing the climate impacts on social and natural systems, particularly for the Himalayan alpine region in the Tibetan Plateau known as the Asian Water Tower. This study strives to quantify the uncertainties from different sources in simulating future extreme flows and seeks to construct reliable scenarios of future extreme flows for the headwater catchment of the Yellow River Basin in the 21st century. The results can be formulated as follows: (1) The revised snow model based on a daily active temperature method is superior to the commonly used degree-day method in simulating snowmelt processes. (2) In general, hydrological models contribute more uncertainties than the downscaling methods in high flow and low flow over the cryospheric alpine regions characterized by the snow-rainfall induced runoff processes under most scenarios. Meanwhile, impacts to uncertainty vary with time. (3) The ultimate probability of high-flow exhibits a downward trend in future by using an unconditional method, whereas positive changes in probability of low-flow are projected. The method in the work includes a variety of influence from different contributing factors (e.g. downscaling models, hydrological models, model parameters, and their simulation skills) on streamflow projection, therefore can offer more information (i.e. different percentiles of flow and uncertainty ranges) for future water resources planning compared with the purely deterministic approaches. Hence, the results are beneficial to boost our current methodologies of climate impact research in the Himalayan alpine zone.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Therapeutic applications of low-toxicity spherical nanocarbon materials (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: Therapeutic applications of low-toxicity spherical nanocarbon materials NPG Asia Materials 6, e84 (February 2014). doi:10.1038/am.2013.79 Authors: Jing Wang, Zhongbo Hu, Jianxun Xu & Yuliang Zhao
    Keywords: carbon nanohornsfullerenesnanodiamondsnanotherapynanotoxicology
    Print ISSN: 1884-4049
    Electronic ISSN: 1884-4057
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer Nature on behalf of The Tokyo Institute of Technology.
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  • 7
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    Paleo-fluvial sedimentation on the outer shelf of the East China Sea during the last glacial maximum (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0254-4059
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-5005
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Water, Vol. 9, Pages 152: A Comparison of Flood Control Standards for Reservoir Engineering for Different Countries (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-24
    Description: Across the globe, flood control standards for reservoir engineering appear different due to various deciding factors such as flood features, society, economy, culture, morality, politics, and technology resources, etc. This study introduces an in-depth comparison of flood control standards for reservoir engineering for different countries. After the comparison and analysis, it is concluded that the determination of flood control standards is related to engineering grade, dam type, dam height, and the hazard to downstream after dam-breaking, etc. Each country should adopt practical flood control standards according to the characteristics of local reservoir engineering. The constitutive flood control standards should retain certain flexibility in the basis of constraint force. This review could offer a reference for developing countries in the enactment of flood control standards for reservoir engineering.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 9
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    Detrital Zircon U-Pb Ages in the East China Seas: Implications for Provenance Analysis and Sediment Budgeting (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-29
    Description: Linking marine sinks to potential terrestrial sources is one of most intriguing but challenging aspects of sediment source-to-sink studies. In this study, we analyzed 23 zircon samples (3271 filtered best ages) from surface sediments of the east China seas (ECSs) that cover a large portion of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea to part of the northeastern South China Sea. The results of U-Pb age distributions exhibit variable signatures in different seas. The Bohai Sea is characterized by 4 age populations at 203–286 Ma, 383–481 Ma, 1830–1940 Ma and 2480–2548 Ma, whereas the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are featured by 5 age populations at 176–223 Ma, 383–481 Ma, 732–830 Ma, 1830–1940 Ma and 2480–2548 Ma. We propose that the presence or absence of the population of 732–830 Ma in the Yangtze Craton (YC) and the North China Craton (NCC) is a possible geochronological signature to distinguish zircon grains derived from the two source regions. Furthermore, on the basis of multidimensional scaling (MDS), U-Pb ages in the sediments of the Bohai Sea, East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait could be correspondently linked to those of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and Taiwan rivers. The good linkages support the view that U-Pb age distributions of detrital zircons in the margin seas are mainly controlled by fluvial discharges, and ultimately, by the tectonic history of the corresponding source regions. Using a sediment forward mixing model, we obtained the relative sediment contributions and spatial variations of five most important river discharges in the region. The mixing results suggest that the major rivers in the region, i.e., the Yangtze and the Yellow Rivers, are the dominant sediment contributors to the continental margin, and their mixing coefficients could be used to infer relative sediment budgeting. In addition, spatial variations in mixing coefficient in the East China Sea indicate that sediment mixing and partitioning processes in the marine depositional environment have played a part role in propagating the provenance signals as a result of interaction of oceanic currents and tides. The combined method between provenance analysis and mixing modeling provides a feasible way to appreciate sediment budgeting in the geological past.
    Electronic ISSN: 2075-163X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 10
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    Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Early Cretaceous Granitic Pluton in the Sulu Orogenic Belt: The Caochang Granitic Pluton as an Example (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-11
    Description: The Sulu orogenic belt is the source of information on important magmatic events associated with the collision of the Yangtze craton and North China craton (NCC) and the destruction of the NCC during the Mesozoic in eastern China. In this study, we have, for the first time, identified a monzonitic granitic pluton. We hereby present petrological, geochemical, and zircon U-Pb-Hf-O isotopic data, shedding new light on the petrogenesis and tectonic implications for the granitic pluton in the Sulu belt. LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP II analyses of zircon grains suggest that the monzonitic granitic pluton was crystallized in the Early Cretaceous (ca. 120 Ma). Geochemically, the granitic pluton shows sub-alkaline, high-K calc-alkaline, and metaluminous signatures, and is genetically of I-type granite, excluding the possibility of S-type granite, as evidenced by mantle-like zircon oxygen isotopic features. In addition, the pluton is enriched in light REE and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) (e.g., La, Cs, Ba, K, and Pb), but depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSE) (e.g., Nb, Ta, P, and Ti), suggesting an arc-related affinity. Zircon Hf isotopes (εHf(t) = −27.51~−32.35; TDM2 = 2979~3175 Ma) and mantle-like δ18O values (5.12–6.24‰) together indicate that the identified granitic pluton is derived from the partial melting (reworking) of the ancient mafic lower crustal material, with no supra-crustal material participation. Moreover, high Magnesium number (Mg# = 42–49) values and mafic micro-granular enclaves suggest that mantle-derived magma participated in the evolution of the granitic pluton in this study. Integrating the findings of this study and previous work, we propose that the Caochang granitic pluton is derived from the partial melting of the deep Yangtze basaltic lower crust during the Early Cretaceous, and that the large-scale thinning of the lithospheric mantle was the main factor that led to Early Cretaceous magmatic flare-up in the Sulu orogenic belt.
    Electronic ISSN: 2075-163X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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