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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstellar grains: organic or refractory? (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 281 (1979), S. 708-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT has become fashionable to discuss the possibility that interstellar grains may contain significant quantities of organic material (see réf. 1 and refs therein). I draw attention here to new data which preclude the presence of most organic solids as a significant component of the grains in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/281708a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IUE observations of the interstellar medium (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 275 (1978), S. 394-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE IUE with its wide spectral coverage, roughly 1,150-3,200 Å embracing many of the resonance lines of the common elements, its excellent sensitivity throughout this band, and its large resolving power of 104 when used in the high dispersion mode, is a unique instrument for studying the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/275394a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstellar ice grains in the Taurus molecular clouds (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 303 (1983), S. 218-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ice was first suggested1 as a constituent of interstellar grains in 1935 *; subsequently, a detailed grain model was developed2 based on the nucleation and growth of ice grains in interstellar clouds, a model which achieved widespread acceptance for many years3. However, IR astronomy has ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/303218a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ratio of total to selective absorption in dark clouds (1975)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 38 (1975), S. L3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Evidence relating to the value ofR=A V/EB-V appropriate to discrete dark clouds in the interstellar medium is discussed. The polarimetric method of evaluatingR recently proposed by Serkowski, Mathewson and Ford gives results consistent with extinction curve determinations. A value ofR∼4.4 appears to apply to the most reddened stars in the ϱ Oph complex, suggesting the existence of an upper size limit for the grains. If the grains grow by accretion of the heavier elements from the surrounding gas, as suggested by Carrasco, Strom and Strom, then the availability of material sets a limitation on mantle growth consistent with the observed increase inR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared photometry, extinctions andR values for some Northern Milky Way stars (1977)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 48 (1977), S. 297-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Infrared wideband photometry for 21 early-type stars in the Northern Milky Way is used to determine extinction values by the colour-difference method. The mean extinction curve is similar to the van de Hulst theoretical curve No. 15, and there is no significant difference in the results for stars lying towards and away from nebulosity. None of the stars exhibit infrared excesses at 3.5 μ. A mean value ofR=3.15±0.15 is deduced for the ratio of total to selective extinction.R is found to be normal towards the open cluster IC 1805 for which high values have been suggested; a distance of 2.0±0.2 kpc is deduced for this cluster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00648118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstellar ice grains in the Taurus molecular clouds (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 303 (1983), S. 218-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ice was first suggested1 as a constituent of interstellar grains in 1935 *; subsequently, a detailed grain model was developed2 based on the nucleation and growth of ice grains in interstellar clouds, a model which achieved widespread acceptance for many years3. However, IR astronomy has ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/303218a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic grains in Taurus interstellar clouds (reply) (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 305 (1983), S. 161-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WHITTET REPLIES-The conclusion drawn by Hoyle and Wickramasinghe must be treated with caution, as it is based on the assumption that C-H bond absorption in organic polymers is the only possible explanation of the long-wavelength 'shoulder' in the 3.1-p? interstellar ice band profile. As pointed out ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/305161b0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ancient planetary nebula surrounding the old nova GK Persei (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 329 (1987), S. 519-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GK Persei underwent a classical nova outburst in 1901, reaching visual magnitude (V) of 0.2 on 22 February 1901. Subsequently, it declined at 0.23 mag per day, reaching a minimum typically of V = 13.1 (ref. 2). In contrast with other objects of this type, GK Per shows dwarf nova-like outbursts of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/329519a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cosmic evolution of the biogenic elements and compounds (1993)
    Springer
    The astronomy and astrophysics review 5 (1993), S. 1-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0754
    Keywords: Galaxy ; evolution-Stars ; abundances, mass loss-Interstellar medium ; dust, molecules-Solar System ; formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper traces the evolution of the biogenic elements H, C, N, O, P and S from their creation by cosmic nucleosynthesis to their inclusion in living systems on the surface of the Earth. Evidence for the presence of significant prebiotic molecules in interstellar clouds and in primitive meteorites is reviewed. The possible relevance of this discovery to the origin of life on Earth is assessed in the light of evidence suggesting that such molecules could not easily be synthesized in a primitive CO2-dominated terrestrial atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00872922
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon monoxide frosts in the interstellar medium (1991)
    Springer
    The astronomy and astrophysics review 2 (1991), S. 167-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0754
    Keywords: Interstellar dust ; grain mantles ; CO abundance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The presence of solid carbon monoxide (CO) on interstellar grains was confirmed observationally in 1984 with the detection of infrared absorption at 4.67μm wavelength in several molecular clouds. Subsequent observations suggest that solid CO is ubiquitous in the quiescent molecular cloud environment. In some lines of sight, the degree of frosting on to grains is sufficient to reduce appreciably the abundance of CO remaining in the gas, a result of considerable astrophysical significance: in addition to its importance as a tracer of molecular material, CO is vital to the production of many polyatomic molecules by gas phase reaction schemes, and its depletion could have a dramatic effect on the abundances of more complex carbon-bearing molecules. The infrared spectrum of solid CO provides an important diagnostic of the chemical composition and thermal evolution of grain mantles, leading to the prediction that CO2 is also present in solid form. As it is now some six years since observations of interstellar solid CO were first reported, this is an appropriate time to review the topic and to suggest some directions for future research. The introduction (Sect. 1) attempts to place the subject in its broader astrophysical context. The infrared observations and their implications are discussed in detail in Sect. 2. The question of the degree of CO depletion implied by the observations of both solid state and gas phase CO is re-examined in Sect. 3. We assess the possibility of CO detection by means of solid state absorption or luminescence in the ultraviolet in Sect. 4. Future prospects are summarised in the final section.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00872766
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