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1

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Effect of soil salinity level and zinc application on growth, yield, and nutrient composition of rice (1984)

Verma, T. S. ; Neue, H. U.

Springer

Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 3-14

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Concentration ; Growth ; Rice ; Salt-sensitive ; Salt tolerant ; Yield ; Zinc

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary To study the effect of salinity and Zn levels on growth, yield, and nutrient composition of rice (Oryza sativa L.), an experiment was conducted at IRRI with three levels of salinity (ECe 2.5, 5.6, and 8.7) and three levels of Zn (0, 10, and 20 mg Zn/kg soil), and two rices (salt-tolerant experimental line IR10198-66-2 and salt-sensitive variety IR28). Salinity decreased plant height; yield-contributing characters; and shoot, straw, and grain yields in IR28. In contrast, salinity up to ECe 5.6 did not affect these plant parameters in experimental line IR10198-66-2 but at ECe 8.7, it decreased the panicle weight and shoot, straw, and grain yields. The application of Zn at rates as high as 10 mg/kg soil increased the height and improved the yield-contributing characters and the shoot, straw, and grain yields in IR28; it has no effect in IR10198-66-2. In general, the shoot, straw, and grain yields were higher in IR10198-66-2 than in IR28. Salinity increased the concentrations of N, Na, Mg, and Cu and decreased the concentration of K in shoot and straw of IR28. However, in IR10198-66-2, salinity did not affect the concentrations of K, Na, and Mn, but at its highest level (ECe 8.7) increased those of N and Cu. In grains, salinity increased the concentrations of Na, Fe, and Zn; decreased those of P and Mn; and did not affect those of N, K, Ca, Mg, and Cu in both varieties. The application of Zn at rates up to 10 mg Zn/kg soil reduced the concentration of Na and increased that of K in IR28 but had no effect on the concentration of Na and K in IR10198-66-2. In both varieties, Zn application reduced the concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, and Fe and increased those of Zn and Mn. IR10198-66-2 had lower concentrations of Na, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu and higher concentrations of K and Mg than IR28.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220765

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2

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Zinc and nitrogen interaction in wheat grown in limed and unlimed acid alfisol (1990)

Verma, T. S. ; Bhagat, R. M.

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 22 (1990), S. 29-35

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: Zinc ; nitrogen ; interaction ; limed ; unlimed

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract A green house experiment was conducted to study the interaction effect of Zn and N in wheat (S-308). Zinc was applied as ZnSO4.7H2O at 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg per kg, and nitrogen as urea at 0, 75 and 150 mg per kg. In the absence of added N and lime 5 mg Zn per kg increased the grain, straw and root weight, but the application of either N (75 and 150 mg per kg) or lime (4000 mg CaCO3 per kg), 10 mg Zn per kg responded significantly. However, when N and lime were added together, 20 mg Zn per kg increased the grain, straw and root weight significantly. Irrespective of Zn and N, the grain, straw and root weights were higher in limed that in unlimed soils. The application of N increased the Zn concentration in wheat tops and roots in unlimed soils, and decreased it in limed soils. However, because of an increase in wheat yield, the uptake of Zn by wheat tops and roots also increased with N application both in limed and unlimed soils. The addition of Zn to 10 mg per kg, increased the N concentration in the absence of N, but in the presence of N, the addition of Zn to 20 mg per kg decreased the N concentration in wheat tops and roots. The applied Zn to 10 mg per kg in unlimed soils and to 20 mg per kg in limed soils increased the N uptake by wheat tops and roots, respectively. The Zn concentration was higher in absence of lime than in its presence while a reverse trend was true for N concentration.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054804

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3

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Impact of rice straw management practices on yield, nitrogen uptake and soil properties in a wheat-rice rotation in northern India (1992)

Verma, T. S. ; Bhagat, R. M.

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 33 (1992), S. 97-106

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: Animal manure ; long term effect ; nitrogen-uptake ; soil properties ; straw management ; wheat-rice rotation ; yield

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract To study the long term effects of rice straw management practices in a wheat-rice rotation, experiments were started from the dry season (Nov–May) of 1984 to wet season (July–Nov) of 1989. Each year, six straw management practices, viz. control (C), straw incorporation (SI), straw mulch (SM), straw burning (SB), animal manure incorporation (AM), and straw and animal manure incorporation together (SI+AM) were imposed to wheat crop and their subsequent residual effect was studied on the following rice crop under three levels of N, viz. 0, 60 and 120 kg N ha−1. The rate of straw and animal manure used was 5 t ha−1 on dry weight basis. The wheat yield and N uptake did not vary significantly under control and SB throughout the experimental period. But, the production level of wheat and N uptake were consistently higher under AM and SM over these two treatments. The SI+AM which had significantly lower wheat yields and N uptake over the AM during the first crop, became equal to that of AM and SM during the second and third crops, and out yielded these two treatments from the fourth crop onward. Straw incorporation which produced wheat yield and N uptake even less than control and SB during the first two crops, resulted in wheat yield and N uptake equivalent to AM and SM from the fourth crop onward. None of the straw management practices had residual effects on the yields and N uptake during the first rice crop, except SM which reduced the rice yields and N uptake in the first two crops. However, AM and SI+AM in the second crop; AM, SI+AM and SI in the third crop; and AM, SI+AM, SI and SM from the fourth crop onward had significant and positive residual effects on rice yields and N uptake. Among these four treatments, SI+AM produced residual effects which were significantly higher than the remaining three treatments. Considering the production levels of wheat and rice, SI+AM treatment resulted in savings of 60 kg N ha−1 each for wheat and rice. After five years of experimentation, the maximum soil build-up of organic carbon; available N, P and K; and DTPA-extractable Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn was observed under SI+AM, followed by AM and SM and it was minimal under SB and control treatments. The treatments of AM and SI+AM also resulted in a high percentage of water-stable aggregates of 70.25 mm in diameter (80.9%), larger mean weight diameter (0.82 mm), higher porosity (54.2%) and lower bulk density (1.19 Mg m−3).

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051164

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4

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Zinc and phosphorus interaction in a wheat-maize cropping system (1987)

Verma, T. S. ; Minhas, R. S.

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 13 (1987), S. 77-86

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: zinc ; phosphorus ; interactions ; limed ; unlimed

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract To study the interaction effect of Zn and P in a wheat-maize cropping system, a field experiment was conducted at the H.P. Agricultural University Research Station, Palampur (India). Zinc was applied as ZnSO4·7H2O at the rate of 0, 20 and 40 kg per ha and P as superphosphate at the rate of 0, 60 and 120 kg per ha. The direct Zn-P interaction effect was investigated on wheat (S—308) and its residual effect on maize (early composite). Added Zn did not increase the grain and straw yield of wheat when P was not applied, but when P was applied, 20 kg per ha added Zn responded significantly. Contrary to this, in maize, only 20 kg per ha added Zn responded significantly when P was not applied, but when P was applied, even 40 kg per ha Zn increased the grain and straw yield of maize. The grain and straw yield of wheat and maize were higher under limed than under unlimed conditions. The concentration of Zn increased with the application of Zn and decreased with the application of P. The concentration of Zn was comparatively higher in grain than in straw of wheat and maize. The P concentration in wheat and maize plants decreased with the increasing levels of applied Zn. The concentrations of Zn were lower under limed than under unlimed condition, whereas the reverse was true for P concentrations. The respective absorption of Zn and P in wheat was 9.7 and 7.3 per cent upto tillering, 47.9 and 49.4 per cent between tillering and flowering, and 42.3 and 43.3 per cent between flowering and maturity. The corresponding absorption of Zn and P in maize was 11.7 and 9.4, 59.9 and 52.1, and 29.3 and 38.5 per cent before booting stage, between booting and tasseling stage and between tasseling and maturity stage, respectively. At maturity, about 53.1 and 13.0 per cent of the Zn and P taken up were retained by wheat straw and 46.9 and 87.0 per cent by wheat grain. The respective values for Zn and P in maize straw and grain were 66.8 and 30.3 and 33.2 and 69.7 per cent. When more Zn was applied, less Zn was translocated to grains; when more P was added, more Zn was translocated to grains. The effects of P and Zn on P distribution at maturity were opposite to that of Zn distribution.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049804

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5

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Zinc and iron interaction in submerged paddy (1983)

Verma, T. S. ; Tripathi, B. R.

Springer

Plant and soil 72 (1983), S. 107-116

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Absorption ; Concentration ; CaCO3-free ; CaCO3-treated ; Distribution ; Submerged paddy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary To study the interaction effect of Zn and Fe in paddy, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at H. P. Agricultural University, Palampur (India). Zinc was applied as ZnSO4·7H2O at the rate of 0, 5, 10 and 20 ppm, and Fe as FeSO4·3H2O at the rate of 0,25 and 50 ppm. Only 5 ppm of added Zn increased the grain and straw yields when Fe was not applied, but when Fe was applied, even 10 ppm of added Zn responded significantly. The grain and straw yields were higher in the presence of CaCO3 than in its absence. The concentration of zinc increased with the application of Zn and decreased with the application of Fe. The rice straw contained the highest concentration of Zn (20.1 ppm), whereas rice grain contained the lowest (14.3 ppm). The Fe concentration in rice plants increased with increasing levels of applied Zn. The highest concentration (343 ppm) of Fe was recorded in rice straw and lowest in rice grains (165 ppm). The concentrations of Zn and Fe were lower in the presence of CaCO3 than in its absence. The respective absorption of Zn and Fe were 8 and 7 percent up to tillering stage, 56 and 59 percent between tillering and flowering stages, and 36 and 34 percent between flowering and maturity. At maturity, about 70 and 78 percent of the Zn and Fe taken up were retained by rice straw and 30 and 22 percent by rice grains, respectively. When more Zn was applied, less Zn was translocated to grains; when more Fe was applied, more Zn was translocated to grains. The effects of Fe and Zn on Fe distribution at maturity were opposite to that of Zn distribution.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185100

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