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  • 1
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    Ultrastructure of the ascus apical apparatus in Leotia lubrica and some Geoglossaceae (Leotiales, Ascomycotina) (1994)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 15 no. 4, pp. 405-430
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The ultrastructure of the apical apparatus and lateral ascus wall is compared in Leotia lubrica and five species currently placed in the Geoglossaceae. The lateral ascus wall consists of two layers, of which the inner one increases in thickness in the apical apparatus. Considerable differences in substructure of both layers are described. On the basis of general morphology of the apical apparatus, structure and PA-TCH-SP reactivity of the apical thickening and annulus, and occurrence of an annular protrusion four main categories are distinguished. A reactive annulus is demonstrated in the apical apparatus of all species, including L. lubrica.\nThe species studied are arranged as follows: Category 1a. Geoglossum nigritum and G. cookeianum; 1b. Trichoglossum hirsutum; 2. Leotia lubrica; 3. Microglossum viride; 4. Mitrula paludosa. Most fundamental is considered the position of the annulus in the apical thickening, either fully (category 1) or partly (2\xe2\x80\x944) occupying the apical thickening, either associated with an annular protrusion (3, 4) or not (1, 2). The data on the ultrastructure of the ascus apical apparatus and lateral wall, and mode of dehiscence indicate that L. lubrica takes an isolated position, distant from the other Leotioideae (including Ombrophiloideae) and the Geoglossaceae. Geoglossum, Trichoglossum, and Microglossum can best be maintained as separate genera in the family Geoglossaceae. The ultrastructural data of M. paludosa indicate closer affinity with Sclerotiniaceae than with Geoglossaceae.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 2
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    A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Mortierellales (Mortierellomycotina) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA (2013)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 77-93
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The basal fungal order Mortierellales constitutes one of the largest orders in the basal lineages. This group consists of one family and six genera. Most species are saprobic soil inhabiting fungi with the ability of diverse biotransformations or the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids, making them attractive for biotechnological applications.\nOnly few studies exist aiming at the revelation of the evolutionary relationships of this interesting fungal group. This study includes the largest dataset of LSU and ITS sequences for more than 400 specimens containing 63 type or reference strains. Based on a LSU phylogram, fungal groups were defined and evaluated using ITS sequences and morphological features. Traditional morphology-based classification schemes were rejected, because the morphology of the Mortierellales seems to depend on culture conditions, a fact, which makes the identification of synapomorphic characters tedious. This study belongs to the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses for the Mortierellales up to date and reveals unresolved species and species complexes.
    Keywords: Internal transcribed spacer ; large subunit ribosomal DNA ; taxonomic revision ; Zygomycetes ; Zygomycota
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 3
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    How important are conidial appendages? (2012)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 28 no. 1, pp. 126-137
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The genus Dinemasporium is used as a case study to evaluate the importance of conidial appendages for generic level classification of coelomycetous fungi. Based on morphology and sequence data of the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU, 28S) and the internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rRNA gene of the nr\nDNA\noperon, the genus Dinemasporium is circumscribed, and an epitype designated for D. strigosum, the type of the genus. A further five species are introduced in Dinemasporium, namely D. pseudostrigosum (isolated from Triticum aestivum, Germany and Stigmaphyllon sagraeanum, Cuba), D. americana (soil, USA), D. polygonum (Polygonum sachalinense, Netherlands), D. pseudoindicum (soil, USA), and D. morbidum (human sputum, Netherlands and hare dung, New Zealand). Brunneodinemasporium, based on B. brasiliense, is introduced to accommodate Dinemasporiumlike species with tightly aggregated brown conidiogenous cells, and pale brown conidia. Dendrophoma (= Amphitiarospora) is reinstated as distinct from Dinemasporium, and an epitype designated for D. cytisporoides, characterised by its superficial, stipitate to cupulate conidiomata, and small conidia with two polar, tubular, exogenous appendages. The genus Stauronema is reduced to synonymy under Dinemasporium. Pseudolachnea (1-septate conidia) is supported as distinct from Dinemasporium (aseptate conidia), and P. fraxini introduced as a novel species.\nTaxa in this generic complex differ by combination of morphological characters of conidiomata, setae, conidia and appendages. Appendage morphology alone is rejected as informative at the generic level.
    Keywords: Chaetosphaeriaceae ; Dinemasporium ; ITS ; LSU ; Sordariomycetes ; systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 4
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    Bryoscyphus atromarginatus spec. nov. (Leotiaceae), a new ascomycete parasitizing the thallus of Marchantia polymorpha (1997)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 16 no. 3, pp. 383-387
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Bryoscyphus atromarginatus spec. nov. from dying thalli of Marchantia polymorpha is described in vivo and in vitro. Differences with B. marchantiae and other representatives of the genus are discussed. A key to the species of Bryoscyphus is given.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 5
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    Novel genera and species of coniothyrium-like fungi in Montagnulaceae (Ascomycota) (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 25-51
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Based on analyses of concatenated internal transcribed spacer regions of the nrDNA operon (ITS), large subunit rDNA (LSU), \xce\xb3-actin and \xce\xb2-tubulin gene sequences the taxonomy of coniothyrium-like fungi belonging in the family Montagnulaceae, order Pleosporales, was re-assessed. Two new genera are proposed, Alloconiothyrium, to accommodate A. aptrootii sp. nov., and Dendrothyrium for D. longisporum sp. nov. and D. variisporum sp. nov. One new species is described in Paraconiothyrium, viz. Parac. archidendri sp. nov., while two species so far classified in Paraconiothyrium are transferred to Paraphaeosphaeria, viz. Paraph. minitans comb. nov. and Paraph. sporulosa comb. nov. In Paraphaeosphaeria five new species are described based on asexual morphs, viz. Paraph. arecacearum sp. nov., Paraph. neglecta sp. nov., Paraph. sardoa sp. nov., Paraph. verruculosa sp. nov., and Paraph. viridescens sp. nov. Macro- and micromorphological characteristics are fully described.
    Keywords: \xce\xb3-actin ; \xce\xb2-tubulin ; ITS ; LSU ; Microsphaeropsis ; Paraconiothyrium ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 6
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    Ultrastructure of the ascus apical apparatus in Hymenoscyphus and other genera of the Hymenoscyphoideae (Leotiales, Ascomycotina) (1993)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 15 no. 3, pp. 303-340
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The ultrastructure of the ascus apical apparatus is compared in 19 species of the Hymenoscyphoideae, currently placed in seven genera. The ascus wall consists of an outer layer of two strata, and an inner layer of also two, and in one species of three strata. At the apex only the inner layer increases in thickness. On the basis of the general morphology and PA-TCH-SP reactivity pattern of the apex five main groups are recognized. A further division into subgroups is also outlined. The most important diagnostic features used in the analysis are the relative development and the reactivity pattern of the apical thickening, the occurrence of an annular protrusion, the structure and the reactivity pattern of the annulus, and the apex maturation pattern. In addition to the electron micrographs diagrammatic schemes are given to illustrate the author\xe2\x80\x99s interpretation.\nThe species studied are thus arranged as follows: Group 1a. Hymenoscyphus caudatus, H. fructigenus, H. salicellus, H. salicinus, and Bisporella pallescens; 1b. H. imberbis and Phaeohelotium subcarneum; 1c. H. consobrinus, H. repandus, and Crocicreas pallidum; 1d. Discinella boudieri; Group 2a. H. herbarum; 2b. Pezizella gemmarum; 2c. Chlorociboria aeruginascens and Pezizella alniella; 2d. Crocicreas cyathoideum [var. cyathoideum]; Group 3. Bisporella sulfurina; Group 4. Cudoniella clavus var. grandis; Group 5. Cudoniella acicularis.\nMost fundamental are considered firstly the position of the annulus in the apical thickening, either partly (groups 1, 2, 4, 5) or fully (3) occupying the thickening, either associated (2, 4, 5) or not associated with an annular protrusion (1), and secondly the dehiscence mechanism, either an eversion of the annulus over an angle of about 90\xc2\xb0 (1, 2, 3?, 4) or a twostep mechanism (5) previously undescribed in Leotiales. The absence of an amyloid reaction in the apex, which is a diagnostic feature in Cudoniella acicularis and C. clavus var. grandis, is based on two fundamentally different structures in these species. The apex in the last mentioned fungus closely resembles that in Ombrophila violacea, while the apex in C. acicularis is unique in general morphology and dehiscence mechanism.\nThe ultrastructural data of the apical apparatus are found to correlate with characters of excipulum anatomy, especially in the genera Hymenoscyphus and Bisporella. Their importance in segregating more natural genera from large ill-defined genera like Hymenoscyphus or Pezizella is discussed.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 7
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    Ultrastructure of the apical apparatus of asci in Ombrophila violacea, Neobulgaria pura and Bulgaria inquinans (Leotiales) (1992)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 15 no. 1, pp. 3-22
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The ultrastructure of the apical apparatus in asci of three species of the Ombrophiloideae (Leotiaceae) is compared. Ombrophila violacea and Neobulgaria pura show similarities in morphology and maturation pattern of the apical apparatus, suggesting a close relation between these species. In these respects and in development of the ascospore wall Bulgaria inquinans differs considerably from O. violacea and N. pura.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 8
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    Novel Paraconiothyrium species on stone fruit trees and other woody hosts (2008)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 20 no. 1, pp. 9-17
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Coniothyrium-like fungi are common wood and soil inhabitants and hyperparasites on other fungi. They belong to different fungal genera within the Pleosporales. Several isolates were obtained on wood of different Prunus species (plum, peach and nectarine) from South Africa, on Actinidia species from Italy and on Laurus nobilis from Turkey. Morphological and cultural characteristics as well as DNA sequence data (5.8S nrDNA, ITS1, ITS2, partial SSU nrDNA) were used to characterise them. The isolates belonged to three species of the recently established genus Paraconiothyrium. This is the first report of Paraconiothyrium brasiliense on Prunus spp. from South Africa. Two new species are described, namely Paraconiothyrium variabile sp. nov. on Prunus persica and Prunus salicina from South Africa, on Actinidia spp. from Italy and on Laurus nobilis from Turkey, and Paraconiothyrium africanum sp. nov. on Prunus persica from South Africa. Although other known species of Paraconiothyrium commonly produce aseptate conidia, those of P. africanum and P. hawaiiense comb. nov. are predominantly two-celled.
    Keywords: Coniothyrium ; Microdiplodia ; Paraphaeospaeria ; phylogeny ; Pleosporales ; systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 9
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    One fungus, which genes? Development and assessment of universal primers for potential secondary fungal DNA barcodes (2015)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 35, pp. 242-263
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-03
    Description: The aim of this study was to assess potential candidate gene regions and corresponding universal primer pairs as secondary DNA barcodes for the fungal kingdom, additional to ITS rDNA as primary barcode. Ampli\xef\xac\x81cation ef\xef\xac\x81ciencies of 14 (partially) universal primer pairs targeting eight genetic markers were tested across 〉\xe2\x80\xaf1\xe2\x80\xaf500 species (1\xe2\x80\xaf931 strains or specimens) and the outcomes of almost twenty thousand (19\xe2\x80\xaf577) polymerase chain reactions were evaluated. We tested several well-known primer pairs that amplify: i) sections of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene large subunit (D1\xe2\x80\x93D2 domains of 26/28S); ii) the complete internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1/2); iii) partial \xce\xb2-tubulin II (TUB2); iv) \xce\xb3-actin (ACT); v) translation elongation factor 1-\xce\xb1 (TEF1\xce\xb1); and vi) the second largest subunit of RNA-polymerase II (partial RPB2, section 5\xe2\x80\x936). Their PCR ef\xef\xac\x81ciencies were compared with novel candidate primers corresponding to: i) the fungal-speci\xef\xac\x81c translation elongation factor 3 (TEF3); ii) a small ribosomal protein necessary for t-RNA docking; iii) the 60S L10 (L1) RP; iv) DNA topoisomerase I (TOPI); v) phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK); vi) hypothetical protein LNS2; and vii) alternative sections of TEF1\xce\xb1. Results showed that several gene sections are accessible to universal primers (or primers universal for phyla) yielding a single PCR-product. Barcode gap and multi-dimensional scaling analyses revealed that some of the tested candidate markers have universal properties providing adequate infra- and inter-speci\xef\xac\x81c variation that make them attractive barcodes for species identi\xef\xac\x81cation. Among these gene sections, a novel high \xef\xac\x81delity primer pair for TEF1\xce\xb1, already widely used as a phylogenetic marker in mycology, has potential as a supplementary DNA barcode with superior resolution to ITS. Both TOPI and PGK show promise for the Ascomycota, while TOPI and LNS2 are attractive for the Pucciniomycotina, for which universal primers for ribosomal subunits often fail.
    Keywords: DNA barcoding ; ITS supplement ; molecular taxonomy ; phylogeny ; species identi\xef\xac\x81cation ; universal primers
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 10
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    Fungal Planet description sheets: 92\xe2\x80\x93106 (2012)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 27 no. 1, pp. 130-162
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Diaporthe ceratozamiae on Ceratozamia robusta, Seiridium banksiae on Banksia marginata, Phyllosticta hymenocallidicola on Hymenocallis littoralis, Phlogicylindrium uniforme on Eucalyptus cypellocarpa, Exosporium livistonae on Livistona benthamii and Coleophoma eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus piperita. Several species are also described from South Africa, namely: Phoma proteae, Pyrenochaeta protearum and Leptosphaeria proteicola on Protea spp., Phaeomoniella niveniae on Nivenia stokoei, Toxicocladosporium leucadendri on Leucadendron sp. and Scorias leucadendri on Leucadendron muirii. Other species include Myrmecridium phragmitis on Phragmites australis (Netherlands) and Camarographium carpini on Carpinus betulus (Russia). Furthermore, Pseudoidriella syzygii on Syzygium sp. represents a novel genus of hyphomycetes collected in Australia. Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.
    Keywords: ITS DNA barcodes ; LSU ; novel fungal species ; systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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