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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of benzoate with nitrate as electron acceptor at different redox potentials in sand column microcosms (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Benzoate biodegradation ; Comamonas terrigena ; Denitrification ; Interfacial environment ; Redox potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The purpose of this work was to assess the influence of redox conditions on benzoate biodegradation coupled with oxygen and nitrate as electron acceptors. A benzoate-degrading, facultatively denitrifying bacterium was isolated from a sediment sample and was tentatively identified as Comamonas terrigena (strain J92-6). The experimental system was based on sand columns that were filled with liquid medium containing benzoate and nitrate. The columns were inoculated to provide a fixed biofilm on the sand. Conditions were created by aeration, dinitrogen-purging, and sodium sulfide amendment that comprised oxic, anoxic, and reduced (–375 mV) zones, respectively, at different depths of the columns. Anaerobic biodegradation of benzoate was nitrate-dependent and proceeded at all redox potential values ranging from +400 to –375 mV. Thus, benzoate degradation coupled with denitrification was not inhibited at low redox potentials characteristic of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. The results demonstrate that the fixed biofilm column system can be successfully used to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on the biodegradation of benzoate, a central decomposition product of anaerobic, aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050402
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enumeration of oligotrophic rhizosphere pseudomonads with diluted and selective media formulations (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 226-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Rhizosphere pseudomonads ; Fluorescent pseudomonads ; Ohgotrophs ; Selective media ; Phospholipid fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Diluted and selective media formulations were evaluated for the recovery of oligotrophic pseudomonads from the rhizosphere of the cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus L.). Full-strength King's B medium (KB) and 250-fold diluted medium (KB/250) were used as the basal formulations. The selective media formulations were: (1) Novobiocin, penicillin, and cycloheximide; (2) crystal violet and nitrofurantoin; and (3) Irgasan. On average, more rhizobacteria were recovered on the KB/250 than on the KB medium. For the recovery of pseudomonads, media made selective with either the novobiocin-penicillin-cycloheximide or the crystal violet and nitrofurantoin formulations were superior to the Irgasan formulation. Attempts to identify isolates using phospholipid fatty acid profiling met with limited success. The test isolates yielded mostly low similarity indices or “no matches” with the Microbial Identification System (aerobic library version) used for this study. All oligotrophic isolates were facultative and no evidence was obtained for the presence of obligate oligotrophs in these plating experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336230
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of earthworms in stimulating soil microbial activity (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Soil microflora ; Earthworm ; Soil biotic interactions ; CO2 release ; Protozoa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The stimulatory effect of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) on soil microbial activity was studied under microcosm-controlled conditions. The hypothesis was tested that microbial stimulation observed in the presence of a soil invertebrate would be due to the utilization of additional nutritive substances (secretion and excretion products) that it provides. Changes in microbial activity were monitored by measuring simultaneously CO2 release and protozoan population density. The increase in CO2 released in the presence of earthworms was found to result from both earthworm respiration and enhanced microbial respiration. The stimulation of microbial activity was confirmed by a significant increase in protozoan population density, which was 3–19 times greater in the presence of earthworms. The respiratory rate of L. terrestris was estimated to be 53 μl O2 g–1 h–1. Earthworm respiration significantly correlated with individual earthworm weight, but there was no correlation between the increase in microbial respiration and earthworm weight. This finding does not support the hypothesis given above that enhanced microbial respiration is due to utilization of earthworm excreta. A new hypothesis that relationships between microbial activity and earthworms are not based on trophic links alone but also on catalytic mechanisms is proposed and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050403
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligotrophic pseudomonads in the rhizosphere: Suppressiveness to Pythium damping-off of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 231-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Biological suppression ; Pythium damping-off ; Rhizosphere pseudomonads ; Pseudomonas spp. ; Cucumis sativus L. ; Oligotrophs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Pseudomonads recovered from the cucumber rhizosphere were evaluated for their ability to suppress Pythium ultimum damping-off. Full-strength and 250-fold diluted selective media formulations with King's B medium (KB and KB/250, respectively) as the basal medium were used as the recovery media. Eight per cent of the isolates recovered (11/138) could induce suppression to Pythium damping-off and 45% of these biocontrol agents produced fluorescent pigments. No differences in the ability to induce suppression among the isolates recovered on full-strength and diluted media were detected. The growth rates of the selected isolates indicated that growth in KB broth was faster or equal to that in KB/10. Therefore, no obligate oligotrophs were recovered. Additionally, growth was observed in 15 000-fold diluted KB for 10 of 11 test isolates, which indicated that these isolates were facultative oligotrophs. In general, the faster growing isolates were more likely to induce suppression when used as seed treatments. Finally, the in vitro antifungal properties of test isolates against P. ultimum indicated that 4 of the 11 isolates inhibited P. ultimum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336231
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubilization of phosphate, uranium, and iron from apatite- and uranium-containing rock samples in synthetic and microbiologically produced acid leach solutions (1983)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1983), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The solubilization of phosphate was investigated using apatite and P-containing uranium rock samples in acid solutions. The concentration of soluble phosphate usually increased upon 24-h extraction followed by subsequent precipitation. Uranium solubilization was investigated using leach solutions that contained about 3 g/l ferric iron produced by bacterial oxidation of iron pyrite. 1–94% extraction of uranium was attained within 24h, with the poor recovery associated with a rock sample containing an excessive amount of alkaline material. Reducing equivalents (permanganate-consuming substances) in the acid leach solutions could be oxidized by inoculation with iron-oxidizing thiobacilli (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans). Chemical analysis of iron indicated that most of the iron was in the oxidized form. Stable iron colloids were not present in significant amounts in the leach solutions. Acidic ferric sulfate containing about 6 g/l Fe3+ was also used as a leach solution. Repeated use of the leach solution with rock samples did not decrease the efficiency of the leaching but soluble uranium reached a toxic concentration and thus prevented the bacterial re-oxidation of ferrous iron in the leach solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499498
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tolerance ofThiobacillus ferrooxidans to some metals (1971)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 37 (1971), S. 489-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During iron oxidation,Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans) was able to tolerate high concentrations of Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn and Al (more than 10 g/litre). Silver and anions of tellurium, arsenic and selenium were toxic in concentrations of 50–100 mg/litre. Molybdenum (as molybdate), at concentrations above 5 mg/litre, was lethal toT. ferrooxidans. During thiosulphate oxidation, the tolerance to Zn, Ni and Co was greatly reduced, cobalt now being at least 2000 times more toxic, and the inhibitory levels of Zn and Ni being 600 mg Zn/litre and 150 mg Ni/litre. During sulphur oxidation, the tolerance to heavy metals extended to concentrations above 5 g/litre. Adaptation to Zn, Ni or Cu during iron oxidation was found to result in increased tolerance to some of the other metals also.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02218519
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of inorganic sulphur compounds byThiobacillus ferrooxidans and some comparative studies onThiobacillus A2 andT. neapolitanus (1975)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 43 (1975), S. 77-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary After growth on thiosulphate,Thiobacillus ferrooxidans could oxidize polythionates and sulphur or ferrous iron, but oxidized thiosulphate only very slowly, with some tetrathionate accumulation. Tetrathionate was metabolized aerobically to sulphate and anaerobically to thiosulphate. Its oxidation was inhibited by thiol-binding reagents.Thiobacillus A2 oxidized thiosulphate, but lacked thiosulphate-oxidizing enzyme and was unable to form or metabolize polythionates, although thiol-binding reagents depressed thiosulphate oxidation.T. neapolitanus oxidized thiosulphate and metabolized polythionates aerobically and anaerobically. Rhodanese enzymes from all three thiobacilli were compared. The comparative results are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of inorganic sulphur compound oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01928477
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of inorganic sulphur compounds byThiobacillus ferrooxidans and some comparative studies onThiobacillus A2 andT. neapolitanus (1975)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 43 (1975), S. 77-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary After growth on thiosulphate,Thiobacillus ferrooxidans could oxidize polythionates and sulphur or ferrous iron, but oxidized thiosulphate only very slowly, with some tetrathionate accumulation. Tetrathionate was metabolized aerobically to sulphate and anaerobically to thiosulphate. Its oxidation was inhibited by thiol-binding reagents.Thiobacillus A2 oxidized thiosulphate, but lacked thiosulphate-oxidizing enzyme and was unable to form or metabolize polythionates, although thiol-binding reagents depressed thiosulphate oxidation.T. neapolitanus oxidized thiosulphate and metabolized polythionates aerobically and anaerobically. Rhodanese enzymes from all three thiobacilli were compared. The comparative results are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of inorganic sulphur compound oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01928477
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of mineral nutrients and organic substances on the development of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 517-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of inorganic nutrients on iron oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied using a concentration of 2.0 g Fe2+/liter. Besides ammonium-nitrogen and phosphorus, the essential nutrients were sulphate and magnesium, with the lowest unlimiting concentration being 2.0 g SO2-4/liter and 2.0 mg Mg2+/liter for a suspension of about 108 cells/ml. Omitting nitrate, calcium, potassium, and chloride had no influence on the iron oxidation. Nitrate and chloride were inhibitory in high concentrations although the bacteria were able to adapt to their presence. Several organic compounds tested in 0.5% (w/v) concentrations inhibited iron oxidation. Complete inhibition up to 14 days was caused by fructose, lactose, meat extract, yeast, extract, peptone, and tryptone. T. ferrooxidans-strains were able to adapt to the presence of organic material even though they were not necessarily able to use the organic compounds for energy. Some general conclusions are made concerning the role of nutrients in leaching processes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patent protection of microorganisms with special reference to ferrous-iron and sulfur oxidizing bacteria (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 1853-1857 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260171217
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