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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 5887-5895 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quantum yields for OH, O(3P), O(1D), and H(2S) from the photolysis of HNO3 have been determined at 248, 222, and 193 nm at 298 K. The quantum yield for OH was observed to be near unity at 248 [Φ(OH)=0.95±0.09] and 222 nm [Φ(OH)=0.90±0.11]. However, at 193 nm the quantum yield for OH was found to be 0.33±0.06. The quantum yield for O atoms [O(3P)+O(1D)], Φ(O), was observed to be 0.031±0.010, 0.20±0.03, 0.81±0.13, at 248, 222, and 193 nm, respectively. Both O(3P) and O(1D) were observed at 222 and 193 nm, but only O(3P) was detected at 248 nm. It was observed that 40% of the O atoms formed at both 193 and 222 nm were O(1D) atoms. The upper limits for H(2S) quantum yields: Φ(H)≤0.002 at 248 nm, ≤0.01 at 222 nm, and ≤0.012 at 193 nm were also determined. This present work quantifies the photolysis channel producing HONO+O and show that it accounts for a large fraction at HNO3 photolysis at 193 nm.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 3244-3251 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quantum yields for the formation of O(1D) and O(3P) from the photolysis of ozone have been measured at 222 and 193 nm. The quantum yield for O(3P) was observed to be Φ(3P)=0.13±0.02 at 222 nm, and the primary quantum yield for O(1D) was found to be Φ(1D)=0.87±0.04. This measurement is consistent with other studies of O3 photolysis within the Hartley band which indicate that a significant portion (5–15%) of the products are formed in the ground state. At 193 nm the quantum yield for the production of excited state O(1D) atoms is Φ(1D)=0.46±0.29, which is significantly less than what is observed during photolysis within the lower energy Hartley band. The quantum yield for O(3P) atoms at 193 nm was found to be 0.57±0.14. We have also observed that the quantum yield for O atoms [O(1D)+O(3P)] is greater than unity [Φ(O)=1.20±0.15] at 193 nm indicating the presence of a channel which produces three O(3P) atoms. O2(b 1Σ) has also been detected and quantified, Φ(b 1Σ)=0.50±0.38, from O3 photolysis at 193 nm. These measurements suggest that O(1D) and O2(b1Σ) are co-produced.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS; EC 2.5.1.46) mediates the first of two enzymatic reactions that convert inactive eukaryotic translation initiation factor-5A (eIF-5A) to an activated form, thought to facilitate translation. A full-length cDNA clone encoding canola (Brassica napus cv. Westar) DHS was isolated from a cDNA-expression library prepared from senescing leaves. Transgenic canola lines with suppressed DHS expression were obtained by introducing a transgene expressing antisense 3′-UTR canola DHS cDNA under the regulation of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV-35S) promoter. Transformed seed was obtained by vacuum infiltration of canola inflorescences using the protocol developed for Arabidopsis with modifications. The resultant transgenic plants had reduced levels of leaf DHS protein and exhibited delayed natural leaf senescence. Suppression of DHS also increased leaf size by 1.5- to two-fold and resulted in increases in seed yield of up to 65%. Moreover, the enhanced performance of transgenic plants reflected increased tolerance to chronic sublethal stress. When wild-type and transgenic plants were grown in 6-inch pots, the increase in seed yield accruing from suppression of DHS was approximately 4.5-fold greater than when the plants were grown in 12-inch pots. Thus, suppression of DHS appears to ameliorate the effects of sublethal stress engendered by growth in small containers.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 3 (1997), S. 57-75 
    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents the research frame, methods and results of a study of top team competences in small- to medium-sized enterprises sponsored by the Training and Employment Agency in Northern Ireland. Explores a "postulated" framework of competence using a modified version of repertory grid with 31 successful companies who have a working top team. The results confirmed the framework and give core competences at two linked levels: competence domains, areas of activity regarded as an important focus for performance excellence and competences, integrated sets of behaviour which can be directed towards successful goals achievement within competence domains. Validation of the results is given by the outcomes of follow-up interviews and the comparison with other work. Holds that the results emphasize a radical insight into the notion of managerial competence in the smaller company.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 71 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Evidence has been obtained for the involvement of μM levels of Ca2+ in phospholipid catabolism during petal senescence by following the breakdown of [U-14C]-phosphatidylcholine by microsomal membranes from cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. White-sim) flowers. Phospholipid degradation was mediated by three membrane-associated lipases, viz. phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4), phosphatidic acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4) and lipolytic acyl hydrolase. The activities of phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid phosphatase were stimulated by 30 and 100%, respectively, in the presence of 40 μM free Ca2+, and the Ca2+-stimulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase was calmodulin-dependent. When L-3-phosphatidyl-[2-3H]-inositol and L-3-phosphatidyl-[N-methyl-3H]-choline were used as substrates, inositol and choline accounted for 95 and 99%, respectively, of the water-soluble radiolabelled products. This suggests a predominance of phospholipase D activity over phospholipase C activity in these membranes.Breakdown of membrane phospholipids in senescing carnations is known to be accelerated by treatment of young flowers with ethylene. To determine whether this involves a specific turnover of phosphatidylinositol as observed in animal systems in response to certain agonists, young flowers pre-labelled with 32PO3-4 were treated with 10 ppm ethylene. All phospholipids incorporated the label, but no enhanced turnover of phosphatidylinositol was observed. Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate did not release Ca2+ from preloaded microsomal vesicles at concentrations known to be effective in animal systems (i.e. 〈 5 μM) although release of Ca2+ was observed when a higher (20 μM) concentration was used.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 98 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lipid-protein particles ranging from 20 to 250 nm in diameter have been isolated from the cytosol of carnation petals by flotation centrifugation and also by ultrafiltration. The cytosolic lipid-protein particles resemble oil bodies, lipid-protein particles found in oil-bearing seeds, in that they contain triacylglycerol, are circumscribed by phospholipid that is not organized in a bilayer, appear to be derived from membranes and can be isolated by flotation. However, the cytosolic particles are distinguishable from oil bodies in that triacylglycerol is not the dominant lipid. Indeed, they contain a spectrum of lipids in addition to phospholipids and triacylglycerol including free fatty acids, sterol and wax esters, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol. These same lipids are present in corresponding microsomal membranes as well, but in much smaller proportions relative to phospholipid. The lipid-protein particles from carnation petals contain a 17-kDa protein that is of similar size to oil body oleosin, but does not cross-react with anti-oleosin antibodies. The data indicate that these cytosolic particles are structurally and chemically similar to oil bodies and are consistent with the notion that their genesis may be a means of removing destabilizing lipids from membrane bilayers.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Six-carbon (C6) volatile products are released from the enzymatic action of hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), a component of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway and form the basis of the “green-note” flavour characteristic of many consumed plant products. Arabidopsis leaf tissue contains the C6-aldehydes hexanal, and trans-2-hexenal as well as the C6-alcohols: hexanol, and 3-hexenol. Interconversion between C6-aldehydes and alcohols is thought to proceed through the action of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Using an ADH mutant of Arabidopsis, we have shown that there are large quantitative and qualitative differences in the accumulation of C6-volatiles in the absence of ADH activity. The total quantity of LOX-derived volatiles is greater on a fresh weight basis in the ADH mutant. Qualitatively, hexanol and 3-hexenol levels are approximately 62% and 51% lower in the mutant, respectively, whereas levels of hexenal are approximately 10-fold higher. Hexanal accumulation, however, is unaffected in the mutant. The altered profile of LOX-derived volatiles does not have an effect on the steady-state levels of mRNA for allene oxide synthase (AOS) or LOX. HPL activity and mRNA quantity, however, are higher in the mutant relative to wild type, suggesting that altered product levels in the mutant affect HPL regulation.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 104 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Hexanal and cis-3-hexenal are principal flavor volatiles in ripe tomato fruit, but whether they accumulate during ripening or are formed upon maceration of the tissue has not been clarified. This has been addressed by measuring levels of these aldehydes in green and ripe fruit with discrimination between intrinsic aldehyde content and aldehyde generation following tissue disruption. Volatile sampling of tomato fruit homogenates was accomplished by purge/trapping, followed by thermal desorption on a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass selective detector. Incubation of some samples with alcohol dehydrogenase to convert the aldehydes to their respective alcohols permitted positive identification of the isomeric form of hexenal as cis-3-hexenal. Red and green tomato fruit homogenized in buffer with saturated CaCl2 contained low (0.1-0.8 µg g−1 fresh weight) levels of hexanal and cis-3-hexenal; thus there is minimal endogenous volatile content in intact fruit. Volatile levels increased rapidly, up to 10-fold, following homogenization of ripe tomato fruit in the absence of CaCl2, and more modestly in corresponding green tomato fruit homogenates. Incubation with the appropriate lipoxygenase/hydroperoxide lyase substrate (linoleic acid for hexanal, linolenic acid for cis-3-hexenal) doubled the amount of volatile compound produced. Hexanal generation was suppressed in the presence of linolenic acid, suggesting that the enzyme complex has greater affinity for this substrate. As well, levels of cis-3-hexenal, but not hexanal, tended to decline within 30 min of homogenization, possibly reflecting a specific degradative process. The results collectively indicate that the contribution of six-carbon aldehydes to tomato fruit flavor is attributable to metabolism invoked following tissue disruption rather than within the intact fruit.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 11 (1996), S. 48-66 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Presents the research frame, methods and results of a study of top team competences in small- to medium-sized enterprises sponsored by the Training and Employment Agency in Northern Ireland. Explores a "postulated" framework of competence using a modified version of repertory grid with 31 successful companies who have a working top team. The results confirmed the framework and give core competences at two linked levels: competence domains, areas of activity regarded as an important focus for performance excellence and competences, integrated sets of behaviour which can be directed towards successful goals achievement within competence domains. Validation of the results is given by the outcomes of follow-up interviews and the comparison with other work. Holds that the results emphasize a radical insight into the notion of managerial competence in the smaller company.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @journal of management development 19 (2000), S. 836-852 
    ISSN: 0262-1711
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Increasing demands in university management in the 1990s in the UK requires a re-examination of the head of school's role. The Standards are part of a radical change in the system of vocational education and training in the UK which began in 1982. A questionnaire was distributed to deans and senior officers, heads and staff. Respondents gave their ratings of importance of 62 activities in the effective leading and managing of a school derived from the Standards. In feedback workshops heads and deans commented on changes to the proposed model. The validity of the standards and their future usefulness is evidenced by few changes to the proposed model and willingness by heads and deans to use the model as the platform for future development.
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