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  • 1
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    A photosynthetic alveolate closely related to apicomplexan parasites (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: Many parasitic Apicomplexa, such as Plasmodium falciparum, contain an unpigmented chloroplast remnant termed the apicoplast, which is a target for malaria treatment. However, no close relative of apicomplexans with a functional photosynthetic plastid has yet been described. Here we describe a newly cultured organism that has ultrastructural features typical for alveolates, is phylogenetically related to apicomplexans, and contains a photosynthetic plastid. The plastid is surrounded by four membranes, is pigmented by chlorophyll a, and uses the codon UGA to encode tryptophan in the psbA gene. This genetic feature has been found only in coccidian apicoplasts and various mitochondria. The UGA-Trp codon and phylogenies of plastid and nuclear ribosomal RNA genes indicate that the organism is the closest known photosynthetic relative to apicomplexan parasites and that its plastid shares an origin with the apicoplasts. The discovery of this organism provides a powerful model with which to study the evolution of parasitism in Apicomplexa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Robert B -- Obornik, Miroslav -- Janouskovec, Jan -- Chrudimsky, Tomas -- Vancova, Marie -- Green, David H -- Wright, Simon W -- Davies, Noel W -- Bolch, Christopher J S -- Heimann, Kirsten -- Slapeta, Jan -- Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove -- Logsdon, John M -- Carter, Dee A -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):959-63. doi: 10.1038/nature06635.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Darlington, New South Wales 2006, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Codon/genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells/*classification/cytology/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Parasites/*classification/*cytology/genetics/ultrastructure ; *Photosynthesis ; *Phylogeny ; Plasmodium falciparum/classification ; Plastids/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Characterization of tet(Y)-carrying LowGC plasmids exogenously captured from cow manure at a conventional dairy farm (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-06
    Description: Manure from dairy farms has been shown to contain diverse tetracycline resistance genes that are transferable to soil. Here, we focus on conjugative plasmids that may spread tetracycline resistance at a conventional dairy farm. We performed exogenous plasmid isolation from cattle feces using chlortetracycline for transconjugant selection. The transconjugants obtained harbored LowGC-type plasmids and tet (Y). A representative plasmid (pFK2-7) was fully sequenced and this was compared with previously described LowGC plasmids from piggery manure-treated soil and a GenBank record from Acinetobacter nosocomialis that we also identified as a LowGC plasmid. The pFK2-7 plasmid had the conservative backbone typical of LowGC plasmids, though this region was interrupted with an insert containing the tet (Y)- tet (R) tetracycline resistance genes and the strA - strB streptomycin resistance genes. Despite Acinetobacter populations being considered natural hosts of LowGC plasmids, these plasmids were not found in three Acinetobacter isolates from the study farm. The isolates harbored tet (Y)- tet (R) genes in identical genetic surroundings as pFK2-7, however, suggesting genetic exchange between Acinetobacter and LowGC plasmids. Abundance of LowGC plasmids and tet (Y) was correlated in manure and soil samples from the farm, indicating that LowGC plasmids may be involved in the spread of tet (Y) in the environment.
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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