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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inflammation, Infection, and Microbiome in Cancers : Evidence, Mechanisms, and Implications (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Cancer. ; Medical microbiology. ; Medicine Research. ; Biology Research. ; Human physiology. ; Immunology. ; Cancer Biology. ; Medical Microbiology. ; Biomedical Research. ; Human Physiology. ; Immunology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: The Microbiome And The Hallmarks Of Cancer -- Chapter 2: Microbiome In Human GI Cancers -- Chapter 3: The Gut Microbiome And Colorectal Cancer -- Chapter 4: Salmonella Infection In Human Cancers -- Chapter 5: Biomarkers Of Esophageal Cancers And Precancerous Lesions -- Chapter 6: Epithelial And Immune Cell Responses To Helicobacter Pylori That Shape The Gastric Tumor Microenvironment -- Chapter 7: Microbiome And Liver Cancer -- Chapter 8: THE MICROBIOME AND UROLOGIC CANCERS -- Chapter 9: Role Of Infections And Tissue Inflammation In The Pathology Of The Fallopian Tube And High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer -- Chapter 10: Commensal Microbes And Their Metabolites: Influence On Host Pathways In Health And Disease -- Chapter 11: Dietary And Microbiome In Cancer Prevention -- Chapter 12: Autophagy And Cancer-Current Biology And Drug Development -- Chapter 13: Mitochondrial Regulation Of Inflammation In Cancer -- Chapter 14: Modern Germ-Free Study Designs And Emerging Static Housing Technology In A Growing ‘Human Microbiome’ Market -- Chapter 15: Machine Learning In Identification Of Disease-Associated Microbiota -- Chapter 16: Mediation Analysis Of Microbiome Data And Detection Of Causality In Microbiome Studies.
    Abstract: This book offers a summary and discussion of the advances of inflammation and infection in various cancers. The authors cover the classically known virus infections in cancer, novel roles of other pathogens (e.g. bacteria and fungi), as well as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy. Further, the chapters highlight the progress of immune therapy, stem cells and the role of the microbiome in the pathophysiology of cancers. Readers will gain insights into complex microbial communities, that inhabit most external human surfaces and play a key role in health and disease. Perturbations of host-microbe interactions often lead to altered host responses that can promote cancer development. Thus, this book highlights emerging roles of the microbiome in pathogenesis of cancers and outcome of therapy. The focus is on mechanistic concepts that underlie the complex relationships between host and microbes. Approaches that can inhibit infection, suppress chronic inflammation and reverse the dysbiosis are discussed, as a means for restoring the balance between host and microbes. This comprehensive work will be beneficial to researchers and students interested in infectious diseases, microbiome, and cancer as well as clinicians and general physiologists.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 509 p. 31 illus., 28 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030679514
    Series Statement: Physiology in Health and Disease,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67951-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67951-4
    DDC: 571.978
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Abundance of Gamma-A nifH genes in the northern South China Sea (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-27
    Keywords: Calculated after Luo et al. (2012); Chlorophyll a; Comment; CTD, Sea-Bird SBE 911plus; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Determination of phosphate (Murphy & Riley, 1962); Diazotrophs, total biomass as carbon; Event label; Fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR); Heterocyst, biomass; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MAREDAT_Diazotrophs_Collection; Nitrate; Phosphate; Richelia, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Richelia, associated species; Richelia, biological trait, ratio expressed in mass of carbon per amount of nifH gene copies; Salinity; SCS2009-08-10; SCS2009-08-15; SCS2009-08-20; SCS2009-08-25; Seawater analysis (Strickland & Parsons, 1968); South China Sea; Temperature, water; Trichodesmium, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Trichodesmium, biomass as carbon; Trichodesmium abundance, total; Unicellular cyanobacteria, biomass; Unicellular cyanobacteria-A, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Unicellular cyanobacteria-A, biological trait, ratio expressed in mass of carbon per amount of nifH gene copies; Unicellular cyanobacteria-B, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Unicellular cyanobacteria-B, biological trait, ratio expressed in mass of carbon per amount of nifH gene copies
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 427 data points
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  • 3
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and reallocation of elemental content and macromolecules in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: Global climate change leads to simultaneous changes in multiple environmental drivers in the marine realm. Although physiological characterization of coccolithophores has been studied under climate change, there is limited knowledge on the biochemical responses of this biogeochemically important phytoplankton group to changing multiple environmental drivers. Here, we investigate the interactive effects of reduced phosphorus availability (4 to 0.4 µmol L−1), elevated pCO2 concentrations (426 to 946 µatm), and increasing light intensity (40 to 300 µmol photons m−2 s−1) on elemental content and macromolecules of the cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Reduced phosphorus availability reduces particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and protein contents per cell under 40 µmol photons m−2 s−1 but not under 300 µmol photons m−2 s−1. Reduced phosphorus availability and elevated pCO2 concentrations act synergistically to increase particulate organic carbon (POC) and carbohydrate contents per cell under 300 µmol photons m−2 s−1 but not under 40 µmol photons m−2 s−1. Reduced phosphorus availability, elevated pCO2 concentrations, and increasing light intensity act synergistically to increase the allocation of POC to carbohydrates. Under elevated pCO2 concentrations and increasing light intensity, enhanced carbon fixation could increase carbon storage in the phosphorus-limited regions of the oceans where E. huxleyi dominates the phytoplankton assemblages. In each type of light intensity, elemental-carbon-to-phosphorus (C:P) and nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratios decrease with increasing growth rate. These results suggest that coccolithophores could reallocate chemical elements and energy to synthesize macromolecules efficiently, which allows them to regulate their elemental content and growth rate to acclimate to changing environmental conditions.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbohydrates, per cell; Carbohydrates, per cell, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, particulate, per cell; Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell; Carbon, organic, particulate, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, organic, particulate ratio; Carbon, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, organic, particulate ratio, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Light; Macro-nutrients; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, per cell; Nitrogen, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, organic, particulate ratio; Nitrogen, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, organic, particulate ratio, standard deviation; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio; Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio, standard deviation; Particulate inorganic carbon per cell, standard deviation; Particulate organic nitrogen per cell, standard deviation; Pelagos; Percentage; Percentage, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phosphorus, inorganic, dissolved; Phosphorus, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Phosphorus, organic, particulate, per cell; Phosphorus, organic, particulate, per cell, standard deviation; Phytoplankton; Potentiometric titration; Protein per cell; Proteins, standard deviation; Salinity; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Spectrophotometric; Temperature, water; Treatment; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 460 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Cell Volumes of Marine Phytoplankton from Globally Distributed Coastal Data Sets (2015)
    In:  EPIC3Estuaries and Coasts
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-08
    Description: Globally there are numerous long-term time series measuring phytoplanton abundance. With appropriate conversion factors, numerical species abundance can be expressed as biovolume and then converted to phytoplankton carbon. To-date there has been no attempt to analyze globally distributed phytoplankton data sets to determine the most appropriate species-specific mean cell volume. We have determined phytoplankton cell volumes for 214 of the most common species found in globally distributed coastal time series. The cell volume, carbon/cell and cell density of large diatoms is 20,000, 20,000 and 0.1 times respectively, compared to small diatoms. The cell volume, carbon/cell and cell density of large dinoflagellates is 1500, 1000 and 0.7 times respectively, compared to small dinoflagellates. The range in diatom biovolumes is 〉 10 times greater than across dinoflagellates (i.e. 〉20,000 vs. 1500 times) and within any diatom species, the range in biovolume is up to 10-fold. Variation in diatom cell volumes are the single largest source of uncertainty in community phytoplankton carbon estimates and greatly exceeds the uncertainty associated with the different volume to carbon estimates. Small diatoms have 10 times more carbon density than large diatoms and small dinoflagellates have 1.5 times more carbon density than large cells. However, carbon density varies relatively little compared to biovolume. We recommend that monthly biovolumes should be determined on field samples, at least for the most important species in each study area, since these measurements will incorporate the effects of variations in light, temperature, nutrients and life cycles. Since biovolumes of diatoms are particularly variable, the use of size classes will help to capture the percentage of large and small cells for each species at certain times of the year. This summary of global datasets of phytoplankton biovolumes is useful in order to evaluate where locally determined biovolumes lie within the global spectrum of spatial and temporal variations and may be used as a species cell volume reference where no locally determined volume estimates are available. There is a need to adopt standard protocols for estimating biovolumes and documenting the accompanying metadata which would improve inter-comparability among time series data sets.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Increasing the quality, comparability and accessibility of phytoplankton species composition time-series data (2015)
    In:  EPIC3Estuaries and Coasts
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-08
    Description: Phytoplankton diversity and its variation over an extended time scale can provide answers to a wide range of questions relevant to societal needs. These include human health, the safe and sustained use of marine resources and the ecological status of the marine environment, including long-term changes under the impact of multiple stressors. The analysis of phytoplankton data collected at the same place over time, as well as the comparison among different sampling sites, provide key information for assessing environmental change, and evaluating new actions that must be made to reduce human induced pressures on the environment. To achieve these aims, phytoplankton data may be used several decades later by users that have not participated in their production, including automatic data retrieval and analysis. The methods used in phytoplankton species analysis vary widely among research and monitoring groups, while quality control procedures have not been implemented in most cases. Here we highlight some of the main differences in the sampling and analytical procedures applied to phytoplankton analysis and identify critical steps that are required to improve the quality and inter-comparability of data obtained at different sites and/or times. Harmonization of methods may not be a realistic goal, considering the wide range of purposes of phytoplankton time-series data collection. However, we propose that more consistent and detailed metadata and complementary information be recorded and made available along with phytoplankton time series, including description of the procedures and elements allowing for a quality control of the data. To keep up with the progress in taxonomic research, there is a need for continued training of taxonomists, and for supporting and complementing existing web resources, in order to allow a constant upgrade of knowledge in phytoplankton classification and identification. Efforts towards the improvement of metadata recording, data annotation and quality control procedures will ensure the internal consistency of phytoplankton time series and facilitate their comparability and accessibility, thus strongly increasing the value of the precious information they provide. Ultimately, the sharing of quality controlled data will allow one to recoup the high cost of obtaining the data through the multiple use of the time series data in various projects over many decades.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quadratic steepest descent on potential energy surfaces. III. Minima seeking along steepest descent lines (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 5276-5280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simplified quadratic steepest descent method, based on the availability of energies and gradients, is formulated for use in minimum searching. It requires only a fraction of the computational effort needed for the previously developed accurate steepest descent procedures and, typically, involves less work than standard quasi-Newton minimum searches. At the same time, it follows the true steepest descent curves reasonably closely and reaches the closest minima. This is in contrast to quasi-Newton procedures which cannot be relied upon to do so. The performance is documented by applications to a variety of searches on the Müller–Brown surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465996
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quadratic steepest descent on potential energy surfaces. I. Basic formalism and quantitative assessment (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 5257-5268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel second-order algorithm is formulated for determining steepest-descent lines on potential energy surfaces. The reaction path is deduced from successive exact steepest-descent lines of local quadratic approximations to the surface. At each step, a distinction is made between three points: the center for the local quadratic Taylor expansion of the surface, the junction of the two adjacent local steepest-descent line approximations, and the predicted approximation to the true steepest-descent line. This flexibility returns a more efficient yield from the calculated information and increases the accuracy of the local quadratic approximations by almost an order of magnitude. In addition, the step size is varied with the curvature and, if desired, can be readjusted by a trust region assessment. Applications to the Gonzalez–Schlegel and the Müller–Brown surfaces show the method to compare favorably with existing methods. Several measures are given for assessing the accuracy achieved without knowledge of the exact steepest-descent line. The optimal evaluation of the predicted gradient and curvature for dynamical applications is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465994
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quadratic steepest descent on potential energy surfaces. II. Reaction path following without analytic Hessians (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 5269-5275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A second order method is developed for determining steepest descent lines of potential energy surfaces by following steepest curves of successive local quadratic surface approximations. The basic principle is similar to that of a previously developed method where, however, the availability of analytically calculated exact Hessians was assumed wherever needed. By contrast, only the analytically calculated exact values of the energy and its gradient are used here and this difference entails marked changes in strategy. Applications to the Gonzalez–Schlegel and the Müller–Brown surfaces show that the method compares favorably with existing methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465995
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-order many-body perturbation-theory calculations in extended systems (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 8553-8565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Explicit expressions for electron correlation at the second-order many-body perturbation-theory [MBPT(2)] level are presented and implemented for the total energy per unit cell and for the band structure of extended systems. In the latter case, a formula is presented for a direct evaluation of the band gap rather than obtaining it as a difference of two large numbers. Application is made to alternating trans-polyacetylene. We assess the convergence of MBPT(2) with the number of unit cells (N) included in the lattice summations, the number of k-points (K) taken for the integrals over k in the first Brillouin zone, and the cutoff threshold (10−C) for the two-electron integrals. The MBPT(2) correlation correction to the band structure converges very slowly with N and demands a large K while the MBPT(2) correction to the total energy per unit cell converges much faster with N and needs a much smaller K. Neither MBPT(2) correction is sensitive to the cutoff of the two-electron atomic orbital integrals, 10−C, when C≥5. For polyacetylene, the MBPT(2) band gap is much improved from the SCF result, but does not agree with previous numerical data. Analysis shows that the previous MBPT(2) results were obtained either with too few unit cells such that the convergence with N had not been reached, or that the zeroth-order Hartree–Fock results were inadequately converged. MBPT(2) with a DZP basis improves the Hartree–Fock band gap from 5.57 to 3.22 eV at the experimentally estimated geometry, compared to the measured ∼2 eV peak in the absorption spectrum of the system. We verify our results with three independent programs. We also study the band gap as a function of geometry. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471545
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple prediction of approximate transition states on potential energy surfaces (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 2168-2174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Given the locations, the energies, and the force constants of a reactant minimum and a product minimum and assuming that no other information is available, an analytical algorithm is formulated for determining the optimal conjecture for a surmized transition state between them. It is based on a model surface obtained by combining the two quadratic basin approximations. The method is illustrated by applications to transition states on an analytical surface and on an ab initio surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.467722
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