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1

Monograph available for loan

Modern physical geography (1992)

Strahler, Alan H. ; Strahler, Arthur N.

New York [u.a.] : Wiley

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Call number: AWI G10-92-0433

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction: The human environment. - 1. Our Rotating Planet. - 2. The Earth's Atmosphere and Oceans. - 3. The Earth's Radiation Balance. - 4. Heat and Cold at Earth's Surface. - 5. Winds and Global Circulation. - 6. Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation. - 7. Air Masses and Cyclonic Storms. - 8. Global Climate Systems. - 9. The Soil-Water Balance and Climate. - 10. Low-Latitude Climates. - 11. Midlatitude and High-Latitude Climates. - 12. Materials of Earth's Crust. - 13. The Lithosphere and Plate Tectonics. - 14. Volcanic and Tectonic Landforms. - 15. Landforms of Weathering and Mass Wasting. - 16. Runoff, Streams, and Ground Water. - 17. Landforms Made by Running Water. - 18. Denudation and Climate. - 19. Landforms and Rock Structure. - 20. Landforms Made by Waves and Currents. - 21. Landforms Made by Wind. - 22. Glacial Landforms and the Ice Age. - 23. The Soil Layer. - 24. World Soils. - 25. Energy Flows and Material Cycles in the Biosphere. - 26. Concepts of Biogeography. - 27. World Patterns of Natural Vegetation. - Epilogue. - Appendices. - I Map projections. - II Remote Sensing for physical geography. - III Climate definitions and boundaries. - IV Topographic map reading. - V Suborders of the soil taxonomy. - References for further study. - Glossary. - Index.

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: XII, 638 S. : zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.

Edition: 4. ed.

ISBN: 0471533920

Branch Library: AWI Library

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2

Electronic Resource

Climate controls on vegetation phenological patterns in northern mid- and high latitudes inferred from MODIS data (2004)

Zhang, Xiaoyang ; Friedl, Mark A. ; Schaaf, Crystal B. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: Recent studies using both field measurements and satellite-derived-vegetation indices have demonstrated that global warming is influencing vegetation growth and phenology. To accurately predict the future response of vegetation to climate variation, a thorough understanding of vegetation phenological cycles and their relationship to temperature and precipitation is required. In this paper, vegetation phenological transition dates identified using data from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) in 2001 are linked with MODIS land surface temperature (LST) data from the northern hemisphere between 35°N and 70°N. The results show well-defined patterns dependent on latitude, in which vegetation greenup gradually migrates northward starting in March, and dormancy spreads southward from late September. Among natural vegetation land-cover types, the growing-season length for forests is strongly correlated with variation in mean annual LST. For urban areas, the onset of greenup is 4–9 days earlier on average, and the onset of dormancy is about 2–16 days later, relative to adjacent natural vegetation. This difference (especially for urban vs. forests) is apparently related to urban heat island effects that result in both the average spring temperature and the mean annual temperature in urban areas being about 1–3°C higher relative to rural areas. The results also indicate that urban heat island effects on vegetation phenology are stronger in North America than in Europe and Asia. Finally, the onset of forest greenup at continental scales can be effectively described using a thermal time-chilling model, which can be used to infer the delay or advance of greenup onset in relation to climatic warming at global scale.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00784.x

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3

Electronic Resource

Remote sensing for land management and planning (1983)

Woodcock, Curtis E. ; Strahler, Alan H. ; Franklin, Janet

Springer

Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 223-237

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ISSN: 1432-1009

Keywords: Remote sensing ; Land management ; Land planning ; Ecological modeling ; Geographic information systems

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The primary role of remote sensing in land management and planning has been to provide information concerning the physical characteristics of the land which influence the management of individual land parcels or the allocation of lands to various uses These physical characteristics have typically been assessed through aerial photography, which is used to develop resource maps and to monitor changing environmental conditions These uses are well developed and currently well integrated into the planning infrastructure at local, state, and federal levels in the United States. Many newly emerging uses of remote sensing involve digital images which are collected, stored, and processed automatically by electromechanical scanning devices and electronic computers Some scanning devices operate from aircraft or spacecraft to scan ground scenes directly; others scan conventional aerial transparencies to yield digital images. Digital imagery offers the potential for computer-based automated map production, a process that can significantly increase the amount and timeliness of information available to land managers and planners. Future uses of remote sensing in land planning and management will involve geographic information systems, which store resource information in a geocoded format. Geographic information systems allow the automated integration of disparate types of resource data through various types of spatial models so that with accompanying sample ground data, information in the form of thematic maps and/ or aerially aggregated statistics can be produced Key issues confronting the development and integration of geographic information systems into planning pathways are restoration and rectification of digital images, automated techniques for combining both quantitative and qualitative types of data in information-extracting procedures, and the compatibility of alternative data storage modes

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871537

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4

Electronic Resource

Spatial analysis of density dependent pattern in coniferous forest stands (1985)

Franklin, Janet ; Michaelsen, Joel ; Strahler, Alan H.

Springer

Plant ecology 64 (1985), S. 29-36

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ISSN: 1573-5052

Keywords: Coniferous forest ; Multi-scaled pattern ; Nearest neighbor distance ; Pattern ; Quadrat variance analysis ; Spectral analysis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract An investigation of spatial pattern in relatively sparse Pinus ponderosa-P. Jeffreyi stands showed that a simple Poisson model of random distribution described the pattern at 5 to 50 m scales in the denser stands examined when allowance is made for inhibition between nearest neighbors. There is evidence for a clumped distribution in large quadrats for the sparsest stands, which concurs with prior work where a mixed Poisson model was fit to the data. The technique used was innovative in that it involved digitally recording tree locations from high resolution aerial photos, which allowed for the automatic application of several statistical techniques in order to determine how pattern varies with plot density and scale. Point locations were recorded for six 11.3 ha plots in three density regions of a 340 ha study area in northeastern California, USA. The inter-event distance distribution, and one- and two-dimensional power spectra were calculated, and variable quadrat analysis was performed for the data sets. The second order and spectral analyses showed no evidence of a distinctive clumped pattern at any scale, and all analyses showed that the pattern was regular at the scale of the average inter-plant distance in the denser stands. For the sparser stands, the counts in large quadrats did not fit a Poisson distribution, but were better fit by a mixed Poisson model describing aggregated pattern.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033451

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5

Electronic Resource

Response of woody species to site factors in Maryland, USA: Evaluation of sampling plans and of continuous and binary measurement techniques (1977)

Strahler, Alan H.

Springer

Plant ecology 35 (1977), S. 1-19

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ISSN: 1573-5052

Keywords: Maryland vegetation ; Site factors ; Vegetation measurement ; Vegetation sampling

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary A detailed analysis of sample plots quantifying woody vegetation and environment in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of Maryland, USA, shows (1) that sample sites must be selected according to some formal design, and (2) that binary (presence or absence) measurement of species serves equally well as continuous measurements of importance value or percent cover in identifying significant species-environment relationships. A comparison of data from a set of samples located at the discretion of the investigators with a set chosen according to a predetermined stratified random sampling plan shows that each set produces different results. The samples located at the investigators' discretion show a larger number of significant species-environment relationships, and in addition, the outcomes of many individual species-environment tests differ between the two sets of samples. Binary and continuous measurements were compared within the random stratified samples, and nearly all species showed similar environmental trends whether analyzed by continuous or binary techniques. The differences between outcomes of binary and continuous techniques are of the magnitude which can be expected from random variation. These results suggest that where an area containing great floristic variation is to be sampled to identify species-environment relationships, the best sample plan would involve many species taken according to a carefully divised random sampling plan.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02097131

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