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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield Stability in Faba Bean, Vicia faba L. 1. Variation Among Inbred Lines (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 112 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Cultivation of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) is hampered by poor yield stability. The genetic variation at the homozygous level for yield stability in the gene pool of the small-seeded and indeterminate European faba beans and the usefulness of auxiliary traits for the improvement of yield stability were investigated. The concept of stability, based on the regression technique, was applied. A sample of 36 faba bean lines was tested in 16 environments and a subsample of eight lines was tested in 11 additional environments. Significant differences were found between lines for yield stability parameters, but the repeatability of the results was limited. Early maturity correlated markedly (r = 0.51**) with one of the yield stability parameters (deviation from regression). Although lodging resistance was not correlated with the stability parameters, it proved to be a safety factor for performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb01272.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic variation for drought tolerance in Vicia faba (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 118 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Instability of yield in faba bean is partly caused by drought susceptibility. Four sets with 10-19 faba bean genotypes each were evaluated in multilocal field trials between 1992 and 1996. Stress occurred as natural drought in one experiment and as artificial terminal drought in three experiments. Artificial drought was induced by rain shelters; the control treatment was irrigated. Tolerance was assessed as the ratio of yield under drought (Yd) to well-watered yield (Yw). Highly significant variances between genotypes occurred; heritability of tolerance was 0.51 〈 h2 〈0.88. Exotic (North African. Latin American) genotypes were more tolerant than adapted material. Correlations between Yw and Yd were 0.77** 〈 r 〈0.97**, and variance of Yd was less than one-third of the variance of Yw. Drought tolerance was negatively correlated with Yd (-0.41 〈 r 〈 -0.22). Relative reduction of plant height due to drought was a promising trait to improve drought tolerance indirectly in two sets. The prospects of improving Yd are good: heritability was 0.68 〈 h2 〈 0.86. Genetic improvement of drought tolerance also seems feasible. A specific cross was proposed to create improved material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.00412.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosis and inheritance of drought tolerance in faba bean, Vicia faba L. (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 118 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Twelve parental lines of faba beans and 27 F1 hybrids derived from them were field-tested under a dry and a well-watered treatment, at two German locations (Göttingen, Hohenheim) in two years (1995, 1996). Drought was artificially induced using rain shelters from anthesis until maturity. Data were collected on yield under dry (Yd) and well-watered (Yw) conditions. Drought tolerance was assessed as Yd/Yw. The mid-parent heterosis was significant for Yd and Yw, but not for Yd/Yw. Relative heterosis for Yd (52.0%) was greater than for Yw (39.3%). Parental heritability was greater for Yw (0.86) than for Yd (0.61). However, it was similar for both traits in F1 hybrids (0.65 and 0.66). Principal component analysis showed that F1 hybrids exhibited the same pattern of adaptation as their parents. The heritability of drought tolerance was 0.48 in F1 hybrids and 0.70 in parents. Attention should be paid to its negative correlation with yield. Several hybrids combined high tolerance, a favourable pattern of adaptation and appropriate performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.00411.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection in Early Generations of Dried Peas, Pisum sativum L. III. Plot Size and Plot Type (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 105 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Investigations were carried out to study the effect of different plot sizes and plot types on the performance of peas and to determine plot size and plot type combinations suitable for the reliable evaluation of varietal yield performance realized in commercial stands of pea crops. Four pea varieties were tested in 1981 and 1982 in combinations of plot sizes ranging from 0.25 m2 to 19.50 in2 with plot types either unbordered, bordered with faba beans, surrounded with perforated plastic foil or only central sections of plots harvested (net plots).With decreasing plot size the performance mean as well as the error variance of grain yield and thousand grain weight increased disproportionately. Thus, changes in grain yield were much higher than those for thousand grain weight. The four varieties tested reacted differently to changing plot sizes and as a result, highly significant variety × plot size interactions were found. Although overestimation of grain yield in small plots could be strongly reduced by bordering the plots with faba beans or surrounding them with plastic foil, their suitibility for yield testing was limited by highly significant variety × plot type interactions. Compared to the largest net plot (15 m2) reliable results were still obtained with plot sizes larger than 6.5 m2, no matter whether edge effects were eliminated or not. If only a small quantity of seed is available, plots may be reduced even to 1.00 m2, if surrounded by plastic foil.The results presented in peas were compared to those in other crops and discussed concerning their relevance for variety testing as well as for selection of grain yield in early generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01201.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Structure of Three Open-Pollinated Faba Bean Varieties (Vicia faba L.) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 112 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: To study the genetic structure of open-pollinated faba bean varieties, three sets of genotypes were generated from each of the varieties ‘Minica’, ‘Kristall’, and ‘Deiniol’: (1) inbred lines developed by single-seed descent in bee-proof isolation cages, (2) intravanetal and (3) intervarietal F1-hybrids produced by controlled hand crossing. In 1989 and 1990, a total of 144 entries, including the three open-pollinated source varieties, were grown in single-row plots with two replications at two locations in Western Germany.Performance data of the inbred lines revealed relatively large genotypic variability within each variety, for all the characters studied, which was greater in ‘Deiniol’ and ‘Kristall’ than in ‘Minica’. An average yield heterosis of 20 %, 39 % and 57 %, respectively, was found for the intravarietal hybrids, whereas that of the intervarietal hybrids varied between 70 and 73 %. Compared to the mean yield of the inbred lines the superiority of the open-pollinated source variety was small and not significant in ‘Minica’ (6 %), but it was large and highly significant in ‘Kristall’ (22 %) and ‘Deiniol’ (37 %).The present investigation revealed in faba bean that similar performance levels of open-pollinated varieties may result from either high per se performance under inbreeding with low heterosis values or from lower per se performance but with high heterosis values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb01271.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield Stability in Faba Bean, Vicia faba L. 2. Effects of Heterozygosity and Heterogeneity (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 112 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In order to evaluate the effects of heterogeneity and heterozygosity on yield stability in faba beans, genotypes were generated with contrasting population structures, differing only in their levels of heterogeneity and heterozygosity. All entries were based on either eight or 36 inbred lines, respectively. The population structures tested consisted of pure stands of the inbred lines (1) and of their F1,-hybrids (2), blends of the inbred lines (3) and of their F1 hybrids (4), four-component synthetics in different Syngenerations (5), the open-pollinated source varieties (6) and 36 polycross progenies (7). Five different entry sets (= data sets), each covering several of the seven population structures listed, were grown during 1986 to 1991 in at least four different environments in Western Germany and tested for yield.Stability parameters, i.e., the regression coefficient and deviation from regression (EBERHART and RUSSELL 1966), and the ecovalence (WRICKE 1962), revealed that yield stability of the different population structures was improved by increasing heterozygosity as well as heterogeneity. But the impact of both factors of diversity on yield stability varied between the different data sets. Positive effects of both factors on yield stability seemed to be additively combined in the hybrid blends (data set I). The same proved to be partly true for the four different Syn-generations of the nine synthetics tested. Yield advantage of the different heterozygous variety structures over the homozygous ones in creased with increasing yield level at test sites, as indicated by regression coefficients larger than 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb01273.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficiency in the use of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium in topless faba beans (Vicia faba L.) – variability and inheritance (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In a field experiment with topless faba beans, parental inbred lines and FI hybrids of a 7 × 7-diallel were evaluated for traits related to the P, N and K efficiency. In addition, the parental inbreds were cultivated in a pot experiment at two P levels (100 vs. 700 mg P per pot). Significant heterosis for grain yield, uptake and utilization efficiency of nutrients in the field experiment highlighted the enhancement of nutrient efficiency in the hybrids. Amongst both parental inbreds and hybrids, significant genotypic variation was found for nearly all recorded traits. In the diallel analysis, the GCA effects generally proved to be highly significant and in most cases considerably higher than the SCA effects. In the pot experiment, grain yield ranking of the parental lines at the high P level (= P700) was very similar to that in the field experiment, whereas at the low P level (= P100, – P deficiency) the ranking of the lines changed considerably. Correspondingly, the P level-line interaction was highly significant. High tolerance towards P deficiency was found for those two parental inbreds derived from cultivars bred under Syrian conditions. At the high P supply, P efficiency was more favoured by a high P uptake, but at P deficiency by a high internal P utilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00934.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection in Early Generations of Dried Peas, Pisurm sativum L. (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 105 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seed production in peas is limited by early and severe lodging and by a low multiplication rate and pea breeders have tried to overcome such disadvantages by growing plants in early generations widely-spaced against wire netting. Progenies of four pea crosses were each tested over a period of tour years to investigate whether single plant selection for quantitative characters, in particular grain yield, is efficient in such circumstances in the Is generation. Efficiency of selection was also studied for yield and yield related characters in the F3 based on f2 derived single plant progenies grown in unreplicated microplots.Early yield selection in the F2 as well as in the F3 proved to be of poor efficiency. Heritability values of all recorded traits were only slightly higher in the F3 than in the F2. Efficiency of yield selection could not be increased significantly in these early generations by indirect selection, either for single traits or for index traits.Possible reasons are discussed for the low efficiency of direct and indirect selection for grain yield in early generations and proposals are made for its improvement and for alternative selection strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01194.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection in Early Generations of Dried Peas, Pisum sativum L. II. Significance of the Environment of Selection (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 105 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In early generations peas arc frequently grown widely-spaced against wire netting under growing conditions considerably different from the commercial cultivation practice of dense stands. In 1985 and 1986, five morphologically different pea varieties were grown both widely-spaced against wire and in dense stand in plots. In the plot stands no methods to prevent the peas from lodging were used. Grain yield and yield-related traits were recorded in both environments of selection, i.e. ‘wire netting’ and ‘plot stand’. Data were analyzed with respect to the suitibility of the environment ‘wire netting’ for selection for grain yield to be realized in commercial stands of the crop.Against wire, the grain yield, number of podded lateral branches, number of podded nodes/main stem, and the profile of grain yield/node on the main stem were the most responsive characters as compared to the standard plot with a dense stand. The relative increase differed between genotypes, which was also indicated by highly significant genotype × environment interactions. Only small changes consistent over genotypes were observed for thousand grain weight (slightly lower), number of seeds/pod (slightly increased) and grain yield/pod (slightly higher).Against wire, the expression of varietal variation was higher for most characters. In addition, single plant error was lower, so that at the wire heritability values based on individual plants were larger than in the plots.The significance of the present results and the effects of competition on selection in early generations in dried peas are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01195.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved buffer system for use in single-column gradient-elution ion-exchange chromatography of amino acids
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 115 (1975), S. 236-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021-9673(00)89039-1
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