ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Moths can detect changes in environmental carbon dioxide (CO2) with extremely high sensitivity, but the role of CO2 in the biology of these and other insects is not well understood. Although CO2 has been demonstrated to influence egg-laying (oviposition) behavior of the pyralid moth Cactoblastis cactorum and nectar foraging of the sphingid moth Manduca sexta, information about the generalized role of CO2 in the behavioral biology of these species is lacking. Comparative data are necessary to properly assess how the behaviors of different species may be modified by steadily rising levels of greenhouse gases in the environment. Experiments carried out in Biosphere 2 addressed whether changes in ambient CO2 levels play a role in the oviposition behaviors of M. sexta moths. In the first series of experiments, oviposition was measured inside a flight cage with different levels of nearly ambient or elevated CO2 (400, 800 or 1200 ppm). For each concentration, hostplants used as oviposition sites were grown from seed at a CO2 level that matched the environment inside the flight cage. Under homogenous levels of CO2, we observed no significant difference in oviposition behavior at the concentrations tested. In a second series of experiments, two groups of hostplants, each surrounded by a mini free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) ring, were assembled inside a flight cage. In this choice test, a dynamic plume of artificially high CO2 was generated around one group of test plants, while ambient CO2 was released around the second (control) group. After eggs were counted on both plant groups, M. sexta females showed a small preference for ovipositing on the control plants. Therefore, in contrast to C. cactorum females tested under similar dynamic flow conditions, M. sexta female oviposition was not strongly inhibited by elevated CO2. To investigate this phenomenon further, we used electrophysiological recording and found that the CO2 receptor cells in M. sexta, unlike those in C. cactorum, are not readily affected by elevated levels of ambient CO2. These findings therefore suggest that elevated background levels of CO2 affect the physiology of the CO2 detection system of M. sexta to a lesser extent than that of C. cactorum, and this correlates well with the observed differences in oviposition behavior between the two species under elevated levels of environmental CO2. Hostplants of C. cactorum are crassulacean acid metabolism plants that generate nocturnal CO2 sinks on the cladode surfaces, whereas, M. sexta hostplants are nocturnal sources of respiratory CO2. We hypothesize that the abrupt and continuing increase in global ambient CO2 levels will differentially alter the behavior and physiology of moths that use CO2 sinks and sources as sensory cues to find hostplants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 86 (1999), S. 190-192 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; Chemoreception ; Lepidoptera ; Microclimate ; Sensory transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In recordings of single unit action potentials, the responses of CO2-receptors in the labial palp organ of the moth Heliothis armigera to modulation of CO2-density around a background of 350 ppm were investigated. Modulation of CO2-density by square wave changes in concentration at constant barometric pressure evokes modulation of the spike rate. Modulation of CO2-density by square wave changes in barometric pressure at constant CO2-concentration evokes responses similar to those evoked by concentration modulation. For modulation depths of less than 1.5%, the output modulation depth is linearly related to the input; at higher modulation depths the gain decreases progressively. Using sinusoidal pressure modulation, the frequency dependence of both gain and output noise was determined over a range of 0.05 to 12.8 Hz. With increasing frequency the gain progressively increases at a rate of 2.4 dB/octave up to a maximum of 63 at 3 Hz; at higher frequencies, it decreases rapidly. The threshold sensitivity of the receptors, using input noise amplitude density as a criterion, is broadly tuned, with a minimum of 1 % contrast Hz-0.5 between 0.3 and 3 Hz. Using these figures, it is concluded that the sensory organ is capable of detecting fluctuations in CO2-density of 0.14% or 0.5 ppm. The results are related to the fluctuations in CO2-density which occur in a natural environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 365 (1993), S. 699-699 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - CO2-sensitive receptor neurons1 in the labial palp organ2 of the moth Heli-coverpa armigera, a major agricultural pest, can detect small fluctuations in CO2 concentration associated with the metabolic activity of food plants with a sensitivity similar to that of modern technical detectors3. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 110 (1997), S. 539-545 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Insect-plant interactions  ;  Oviposition  ;   Host orientation  ;  CO2 sensitivity  ;  Elevated CO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sensory organs that detect CO2 are common in herbivorous moths and butterflies, but their function has been unclear until now. As the CO2 gradients in the vicinity of a host plant depend on its physiological condition, CO2 could provide a sensory cue for the suitability of the plant as a larval food source. This study investigated whether changing the atmospheric CO2 concentration affected oviposition by Cactoblastis cactorum on its host, the cactus Opuntia stricta. On host plants exposed to rapid fluctuations in CO2 concentration, the frequency of oviposition was reduced by a factor of 3.2 compared to the control. As the fluctuations mask the much smaller CO2 signals generated by the plants, this suggests that those signals constitute an important component of the host identification process. On host plants exposed to a constant background of doubled CO2, oviposition was also reduced, by a factor of 1.8. An increased background reduces host signal detectability, partially as a consequence of a general principle of sensory physiology (Weber-Fechner's law), and partially due to other factors specific to CO2-receptor neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 86 (1973), S. 139-158 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response properties of the antennal CO2-receptors in workers ofApis mellifera L. were studied electrophysiologically by extracellular recordings from single cells. 1. For a proportion (〉50%) of the receptors, the absolute sensitivities to CO2 are higher than previously observed. 2. The spontaneous spike discharge and the response to C02 are reversibly inhibited by the inert gases N2O and Xe; N2O has a marginally stronger effect than Xe. 3. For a gas mixture containing a given CO2-concentration above threshold the inhibition consists primarily of an increase in the response latency which is found to be proportional to the inhibitor concentration. 4. For a given concentration of N2O or Xe, the magnitude of this effect decreases proportionally with an increase in CO2-concentration. 5. A simple empirical equation for the latency as a function of the concentrations of excitatory stimulus and inhibitor is derived from the data. 6. It is investigated to what extent the experimental findings are consistent with kinetic models based on the law of mass-action. 7. It is suggested that the inhibition occurs via molecular ordering effects in the aqueous or lipid phases of either the cell membrane or the surrounding medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 91 (1974), S. 147-159 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Acetazolamide on the response of worker honeybee antennal CO2-receptors to CO2 and N2O was tested by extracellular recordings of spike activity from single cells. 1. Within 15 minutes after oral application of Acetazolamide the spike frequency of the response to test stimuli of constant CO2-concentration decreases to a lower but constant value. 2. Stimulus-response curves measured after subsequent applications of increasing Acetazolamide doses are shifted towards higher CO2-concentrations to an extent which is related to the Acetazolamide dose. 3. The effect of Acetazolamide on the phasic peak of the CO2-response is more pronounced than the effect on the plateau. 4. The response to N2O, which is antagonistic to the CO2-response, is not affected by the presence of Acetazolamide. 5. When a CO2-stimulus of high concentration is applied in the presence of a very high Acetazolamide concentration, a response is observed which indicates that CO2 also can cause an effect of the same kind as N2O. 6. It is concluded that the effect of Acetazolamide results from its inhibitory action on a molecular acceptor with a CO2-binding site similar to that in carbonic anhydrase. 7. It is suggested that the responses to N2O and Xe and also the antagonistic component of the response to high concentrations of CO2 result from the action of those gases on a secondary step in the chain of sensory transduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 80 (1972), S. 95-118 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde das Lichtrückenverhalten des Guppys (Lebistes reticulatus) unter Einlicht- und Zweilichterbedingungen untersucht. 1. Werden einem Guppy zwei Lichter gleichzeitig geboten, so addieren sich ihre Einflüsse; dabei ist jedoch die beobachtete Reaktion nicht gleich der Summe der Reaktionen auf einzelne Reize, sondern um einen bestimmten Faktor geringer. 2. Fallen die beiden Lichter in das gleiche Auge, so ist dieser Faktor konstant (0,72) und vom Winkelabstand der Lichtquellen unabhängig. 3. Fallen die beiden Lichter in verschiedene Augen, so erfolgt die Verrechnung anders als bei Lichteinfall in ein Auge; eines der beiden Lichter wird dann stärker bewertet. 4. Wird der Lichteinfallswinkel, von der Vertikalen ausgehend, auf 130–160 ° erhöht, so verringert sich die Schräglage des Fisches plötzlich; somit muß dann der Einfluß der statischen Organe auf die Gleichgewichtshaltung größer werden als vorher. Weiterhin ändert sich bei diesem Winkel das gesamte Verhalten des Versuchstieres. 5. Ein hypothetisches Funktionsmodell wird formuliert, das die Ergebnisse der Zweilichterversuche beschreibt. 6. Die Befunde über die Intensitätsabhängigkeit des Lichtrückenverhaltens von Fischen werden mit Ergebnissen und Modellvorstellungen über die Intensitätsabhängigkeit phototaktischer Reaktionen von Insekten verglichen. 7. Die bestehenden Vorstellungen über eine sinusförmige Abhängigkeit der Lichtbewertung vom Lichteinfallswinkel beim Lichtrückenverhalten von Fischen werden diskutiert; eine allgemeinere und besser mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen übereinstimmende Beschreibung wird formuliert.
    Notes: Summary The dorsal light behaviour of the Guppy (Lebistes reticulatus) was investigated under conditions of single and double illumination. 1. When two lights are presented to a Guppy simultaneously, their effects are additive; however, the observed reaction is not equal to the sum of the reactions produced by single stimuli, but is reduced by a definite factor. 2. When both lights illuminate the same eye, this factor is constant (0.72) and not related to the angular distance of the light sources. 3. When each light illuminates a separate eye, the response is different from that which results from both lights stimulating a single eye; one of the lights produces a stronger reaction. 4. When a light is moved off the vertical by an angle of 130 ° to 160 °, the tilt of the fish is suddenly reduced. Therefore, at this point, the statocyst input for the maintenance of equilibrium must become more dominant than before. In addition at this angle the whole behaviour of the fish is changed. 5. A hypothetical functional model is given which fits with the results of the investigations using two lights. 6. The findings on intensity dependence of dorsal light behaviour in fish are compared with the results and conceptual models of the intensity dependence of some phototactic reactions in insects. 7. The existing concepts concerning a sinusoidal relationship between response level to light and angular direction of light are discussed; a relationship, more general and more suitable to the experimental results, is formulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 141 (1981), S. 335-347 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the dynamics of light-evoked head reflexes in the dragonflyHemicordulia tau under light conditions which were selected to optimally address the ocelli. 1. The responses occur only during flight. 2. Stimulation by a light positioned to address the median ocellus evokes a head movement around the pitch axis. The threshold is in the order of 107 photons · cm−2 · s−1. With increasing intensity, the responses become progressively faster but do not increase in amplitude. 3. Stimulation by lights positioned to address the lateral ocelli evokes head movements around the roll axis with a similar threshold and similar dynamics as in the pitch responses. The responses are strongest when two sources at either side of the animal are switched in alternation. 4. No evidence is found for interactions between the lateral and the median inputs. 5. During sustained illumination from the median source, the head is tilted towards it indefinitely, and increasing the intensity causes only a small additional change of head position. Decreasing the intensity causes a large movement of the head away from the source, and then the system readapts rapidly and the head returns to the on-position (high pass filtering). If increment pulses are superimposed on a steady background, the magnitude of their effect is a function of both their duration and amplitude. 6. If the median source is modulated by a square wave of a frequency above the high pass cut-off, the amplitudes of the responses are proportional to modulation depths and independent of average intensity over 4 log units. 7. At intensities below 1011 photons cm−2s−1, the spectral sensitivity has a maximum in the green, exceeding the UV-sensitivity by a factor of 5; at higher intensities the responses become more sensitive to UV than to green (reverse Purkinje shift). It is suggested that the reverse Purkinje shift is a functional adaptation to optimize the detectability of the contrast between sky and ground both in dim light and in direct sunlight. 8. The dynamics of the behavioural responses can be largely accounted for by known properties of the neuronal elements of ocellar systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Publication Date: 1997-05-21
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...