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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary With the help of a computer it was possible to get phytosociological tables in the sense ofEllenberg (1956), ready for print. The arrangement of releves is based on a matrix of similarity, calculated by an eligible index of similarity. The similarity is calculated between each releve, so you get $$\frac{{n.n - I}}{2}$$ values. The computer is selecting the highest value in the mentioned matrix, then it fixes the two releves which belong to it and put them in the first place in the arising arrangement. Following is made a synthetic releve and the similarity between the synthetic releve and all others is calculated new. Many small groups with high similarity are put together in this manner, to form larger groups with low similarity until at last one group is built in which the releves are arranged according their tautfloristic similarity. By establishment of limiting values a hierarchical classification is built followingBraun-Blanquet's method. For the groups in each class the differential species are defined according their frequency in the groups. For each class the computer is able to print out both, a survey table and a differentiated table. The differentiated total table contens the defined differential species for all groups in all classes. If ecological figures like nitrogen-figure, moisture-figure or reaction-figure were punched for the species, the mean values for each releve and each group are printed out. In the mentioned program, the indices of similarity, the limiting values, the ecological figures and the definition of differential species can be ordered by the user, so the program allows a high degree of adaption to the specific data set.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe des Computers ist es gelungen, ohne einen Eingriff des Bearbeiters, druckreife pflanzensoziologische Tabellen nachEllenberg (1956) anfertigen zu lassen. Die Anordnung der Aufnahmen erfolgt anhand der Ähnlichkeitsmatrix, welche die Ähnlichkeitskoeffizienten jeder Aufnahme mit jeder $$\left( {\frac{{n.n - I}}{2}Werte} \right)$$ enthält. Aus dieser Matrix sucht der Computer den höchsten Wert heraus und stellt die dazugehörenden Aufnahmen, als engst gefasste Gruppe, an die erste Stelle in der entstehenden Reihenfolge; dann wird der nächst höhere Wert gesucht. Die gefundenen Gruppen werden fortlaufend zu synthetischen Aufnahmen vereinigt und die Ähnlichkeit zwischen der neu gebildeten synthetischen Aufnahme und allen übrigen neu berechnet. Viele kleine Gruppen mit hohem Ähnlichkeitsgrad werden so zu wenigen grossen Gruppen mit geringem Ähnlichkeitsgrad vereinigt, bis schliesslich nur noch eine Gruppe vorhanden ist, in der die Aufnahmen nach ihrer ganzfloristischen Ähnlichkeit angeordnet sind. Durch das Setzen von Ähnlichkeitsschwellen erhalten wir verschiedene Rangstufen, im Sinne des hierarchischen Systems vonBraun-Blanquet. Für die Gruppen jeder Rangstufe werden die Trennarten anhand ihrer Gruppenstetigkeit definiert. Für jede Rangstufe kann eine Übersichtstabelle und eine differenzierte Tabelle ausgedruckt werden. Die differenzierte Gesamttabelle enthält die gefundenen Trennarten für alle Rangstufen und alle Gruppen. Wurden für die Arten ökologische Kennzahlen wie z.B. Stickstoff-Zahl, Feuchte-Zahl und Reaktions-Zahl abgelocht, so werden die Mittelwerte für alle Aufnahmen und für alle Gruppen der verschiedenen Rangstufen ausgedruckt. Da im vorliegenden Programm die Ähnlichkeitskoeffizienten, die Schwellenwerte, die Schätzskala, die ökologischen Kennzahlen und die Definition der Trennarten vom Bearbeiter vor Eingabe der Daten vereinbart werden, erlaubt es einen hohen Anpassungsgrad an jedes spezifische Aufnahmematerial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1973-08-01
    Print ISSN: 1385-0237
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5052
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-10-01
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1955-09-01
    Description: Rats were subjected to a series of one or more doses of 75 r gamma irradiation, at seven day intervals between exposures. Hematologic examinations were made following the last exposure in each series of irradiations. The maximum changes observed were, to a great extent, independent of the number of previous exposures, and appeared to reflect principally the effects of the last irradiation. These results were ascribed to the regenerative capacity of the hematopoietic system to recover during the seven day interval between radiation exposures.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-11-16
    Description: Ongoing climate change is known to cause an increase in the frequency and amplitude of local temperature and precipitation extremes in many regions of the Earth. While gradual changes in the climatological conditions are known to strongly influence plant flowering dates, the question arises if and how extremes specifically impact the timing of this important phenological phase. In this study, we systematically quantify simultaneities between meteorological extremes and the timing of flowering of four shrub species across Germany by means of event coincidence analysis, a novel statistical tool that allows assessing whether or not two types of events exhibit similar sequences of occurrences. Our systematic investigation supports previous findings of experimental studies by highlighting the impact of early spring temperatures on the flowering of wildlife plants. In addition, we find statistically significant indications for some long-term relations reaching back to the previous year.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: The effects of El Niño's two distinct flavors, East Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP)/Modoki El Niño, on global climate variability have been studied intensively in recent years. Most of these studies have made use of linear multivariate statistics or composite analysis. Especially the former assumes the same type of linear statistical dependency to apply across different ENSO phases, which appears not necessarily a justified assumption. Here, we statistically evaluate the likelihood of co-occurrences between very high or very low seasonal precipitation sums over vast parts of the global land surface and the presence of the respective EP and CP types of both, El Niño and La Niña, which are classified based on global surface air temperature anomaly patterns by means of the recently developed climate network transitivity index. By employing event coincidence analysis, we uncover differential imprints of both ENSO flavors on strong wet/dry patterns over distinct regions across the globe, which may severely affect, among others, agricultural and biomass production or public health. We particularly find that EP periods significantly coincide with hydrometeorological anomalies at larger spatial scales, whereas sparser patterns emerge along with CP periods. Our statistical analysis confirms previously reported interrelations for EP periods and uncovers additional distinct regional patterns of very high/low seasonal precipitation, such as increased rainfall over Central Asia alongside CP periods that have to our knowledge not been reported so far. Our results demonstrate that a thorough distinction of El Niño and La Niña into their two respective flavors could be crucial for properly anticipating strong regional hydrometeorological anomalies and associated ecological and socioeconomic impacts.
    Language: en
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Abstract. Ongoing climate change is known to cause an increase in the frequency and amplitude of local temperature and precipitation extremes in many regions of the Earth. While gradual changes in the climatological conditions have already been shown to strongly influence plant flowering dates, the question arises if and how extremes specifically impact the timing of this important phenological phase. Studying this question calls for the application of statistical methods that are tailored to the specific properties of event time series. Here, we employ event coincidence analysis, a novel statistical tool that allows assessing whether or not two types of events exhibit similar sequences of occurrences in order to systematically quantify simultaneities between meteorological extremes and the timing of the flowering of four shrub species across Germany. Our study confirms previous findings of experimental studies by highlighting the impact of early spring temperatures on the flowering of the investigated plants. However, previous studies solely based on correlation analysis do not allow deriving explicit estimates of the strength of such interdependencies without further assumptions, a gap that is closed by our analysis. In addition to direct impacts of extremely warm and cold spring temperatures, our analysis reveals statistically significant indications of an influence of temperature extremes in the autumn preceding the flowering.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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