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  • 1
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    Wind Turbine Aerodynamics (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Wind turbine aerodynamics is one of the central subjects of wind turbine technology. To reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), the size of a single wind turbine has been increased to 12 MW at present, with further increases expected in the near future. Big wind turbines and their associated wind farms have many advantages but also challenges. The typical effects are mainly related to the increase in Reynolds number and blade flexibility. This Special Issue is a collection of 21 important research works addressing the aerodynamic challenges appearing in such developments. The 21 research papers cover a wide range of problems related to wind turbine aerodynamics, which includes atmospheric turbulent flow modeling, wind turbine flow modeling, wind turbine design, wind turbine control, wind farm flow modeling in complex terrain, wind turbine noise modeling, vertical axis wind turbine, and offshore wind energy. Readers from all over the globe are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue collection regarding their own work and the goal of enabling the technological development of new environmentally friendly and cost-effective wind energy systems in order to reach the target of 100% energy use from renewable sources, worldwide, by 2050
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; simplified free vortex wake ; n/a ; H-type VAWT ; variable pitch ; wind tunnel experiment ; rotor blade optimization ; Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) ; wake effect ; wind turbine noise propagation ; RANS ; axial steady condition ; wind turbine blades ; optimization ; computational fluid dynamic ; straight blade ; typhoon ; gradient-based ; image processing ; actuator line method ; piezo-electric flow sensor ; stall ; turbulence ; airfoil design ; vortex ring ; defects ; DMST model ; wind turbine design ; S809 airfoil ; dynamic fluid body interaction ; Computational Fluid Dynamics ; ABL stability ; semi-submersible platform ; random search ; floating offshore wind turbine ; blade length ; adjoint approach ; Fatigue Loads ; wind turbine optimization ; wind turbine airfoil ; particle swarm optimization ; rotational augmentation ; NREL Phase VI ; mechanical performance ; coupling of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics ; tip speed ratio ; aerodynamics ; oscillating freestream ; super-statistics ; blade element momentum theory ; wind turbine ; wind energy ; boundary layer separation ; wind turbine blade optimization ; actuator disc ; dynamic stall ; complex terrain ; laminar-turbulent transition ; SCADA ; OpenFOAM ; atmospheric stability ; computational fluid dynamics ; economic analysis ; OC5 DeepCWind ; wind tunnel ; actuator disk ; meso/microscale ; cost of energy ; power coefficient ; pitch oscillation ; condition monitoring ; aerodynamic characteristics ; blade parametrization ; wind turbine wakes ; truss Spar floating foundation ; wind resource assessment ; wind shear ; wind turbine noise source ; design ; low wind speed areas ; aerodynamic ; wind farm ; met mast measurements ; turbulent inflow ; VAWTs (Vertical axis wind turbines) ; thermography ; wind speed extrapolation ; MEXICO ; wind turbine wake ; aerodynamic force ; layout optimization ; H-type floating VAWT ; LES ; NACA0012 ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Destructive changes in the neuronal structure of the FVB/N mouse retina (2015)
    Public Library of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 10 (2015): e0129719, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129719.
    Description: We applied a series of selective antibodies for labeling the various cell types in the mammalian retina. These were used to identify the progressive loss of neurons in the FVB/N mouse, a model of early onset retinal degeneration produced by a mutation in the pde6b gene. The immunocytochemical studies, together with electroretinogram (ERG) recordings, enabled us to examine the time course of the degenerative changes that extended from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells at the proximal end of the retina. Our study indicates that photoreceptors in FVB/N undergo a rapid degeneration within three postnatal weeks, and that there is a concomitant loss of retinal neurons in the inner nuclear layer. Although the loss of rods was detected at an earlier age during which time M- and S-opsin molecules were translocated to the cone nuclei; by 6 months all cones had also degenerated. Neuronal remodeling was also seen in the second-order neurons with horizontal cells sprouting processes proximally and dendritic retraction in rod-driven bipolar cells. Interestingly, the morphology of cone-driven bipolar cells were affected less by the disease process. The cellular structure of inner retinal neurons, i.e., ChAT amacrine cells, ganglion cells, and melanopsin-positive ganglion cells did not exhibit any gross changes of cell densities and appeared to be relatively unaffected by the massive photoreceptor degeneration in the distal retina. However, Muller cell processes began to express GFAP at their endfeet at p14, and it climbed progressively to the cell’s distal ends by 6 months. Our study indicates that FVB/N mouse provides a useful model with which to assess possible intervention strategies to arrest photoreceptor death in related diseases.
    Description: This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF, IOS-1021646, WS) and the National Eye Institute (NEI, EY 14161, WS).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Glycinergic feedback enhances synaptic gain in the distal retina (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the Physiological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physiology 592 (2014): 1479-1492, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.265785.
    Description: Glycine input originates with interplexiform cells, a group of neurons situated within the inner retina that transmit signals centrifugally to the distal retina. The effect on visual function of this novel mechanism is largely unknown. Using gramicidin-perforated patch whole-cell recordings, intracellular recordings, and specific antibody labeling techniques, we examined the effects of the synaptic connections between glycinergic interplexiform cells, photoreceptors, and bipolar cells. To confirm that interplexiform cells make centrifugal feedback on bipolar cell dendrites, we recorded the post-synaptic glycine currents from axon-detached bipolar cells while stimulating pre-synaptic interplexiform cells. The results show that glycinergic interplexiform cells activate bipolar cell dendrites that express the α3 subunit of the glycine receptor, as well as a subclass of unidentified receptors on photoreceptors. By virtue of their synaptic contacts, glycine centrifugal feedback increases glutamate release from photoreceptors, and suppresses the uptake of glutamate by the EAAT2 transporter on photoreceptors. The net effect is a significant increase in the synaptic gain between photoreceptors and their second-order neurons.
    Description: This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF, IOS-1021646, WS) and the National Eye Institute (NEI, EY 14161, WS).
    Keywords: Salamander retina ; Glycinergic interplexiform cells ; Synaptic transmission
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 4
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    Review : Taurine : a “very essential” amino acid (2013)
    Emory Eye Center, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Georgia Knights Templar Educational Foundation, and Emory University
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Molecular Vision 18 (2012): 2673-2686.
    Description: Taurine is an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, and provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts. It plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration, and although it is one of the few amino acids not incorporated into proteins, taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in the brain, retina, muscle tissue, and organs throughout the body. Taurine serves a wide variety of functions in the central nervous system, from development to cytoprotection, and taurine deficiency is associated with cardiomyopathy, renal dysfunction, developmental abnormalities, and severe damage to retinal neurons. All ocular tissues contain taurine, and quantitative analysis of ocular tissue extracts of the rat eye revealed that taurine was the most abundant amino acid in the retina, vitreous, lens, cornea, iris, and ciliary body. In the retina, taurine is critical for photoreceptor development and acts as a cytoprotectant against stress-related neuronal damage and other pathological conditions. Despite its many functional properties, however, the cellular and biochemical mechanisms mediating the actions of taurine are not fully known. Nevertheless, considering its broad distribution, its many cytoprotective attributes, and its functional significance in cell development, nutrition, and survival, taurine is undoubtedly one of the most essential substances in the body. Interestingly, taurine satisfies many of the criteria considered essential for inclusion in the inventory of neurotransmitters, but evidence of a taurine-specific receptor has yet to be identified in the vertebrate nervous system. In this report, we present a broad overview of the functional properties of taurine, some of the consequences of taurine deficiency, and the results of studies in animal models suggesting that taurine may play a therapeutic role in the management of epilepsy and diabetes.
    Description: The preparation of this review was supported by grants from the National Eye Institute (EY14161, WS) and the National Science Foundation (IOS 1,021,646, WS).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resuscitation of viable but non-culturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a minimum salt medium (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 233 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is food-borne pathogen prevalent in Asian countries. This work analyzes factors that influence the resuscitation of the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state in this bacterium. The MMS-0.5% NaCl medium alone limited cell multiplication, and in this medium, resuscitation was successful when the temperature was upshifted to 25 °C but not 37 °C. Chloramphenicol inhibition experiments revealed that protein synthesis in the first 24 h of temperature upshift was critical in determining the success of the three-day resuscitation period. The VBNC state induction period and the age of the VBNC cells for successful resuscitation were strain-dependent. Results of this work facilitate further physiological and pathological study of the VBNC state in this pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09491.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state phosphorus-31 NMR of a chemisorbed phosphonium ion in HY zeolite: observation of proton-phosphorus-31 coupling in the solid-state (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 106 (1984), S. 2452-2453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00320a048
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light emission of C60 embedded in porous silicon (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 783-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated samples with C60 implanted into porous silicon with the ionized cluster beam deposition approach for improving the light emission of C60. We have obtained intense and well-resolved photoluminescence spectra under excitation of Ar+ laser (514.5 nm) at room temperature. The depth analysis of secondary ion mass spectroscopy showed that C60 had been incorporated into porous silicon. A large number of fine-structure peaks in the photoluminescence spectrum indicated the strong coupling of vibrational progressions with electronic states of C60 induced by the interaction between C60 molecule and nanometer-sized silicon particles. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115466
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal instability in ulcerative colitis is related to telomere shortening (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 32 (2002), S. 280-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, is associated with a high risk of colorectal carcinoma that is thought to develop through genomic instability. We considered that the rapid cell turnover and oxidative injury observed in ulcerative colitis might accelerate telomere ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng989
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Deformation Analysis of Copper Microbridges with Speckle Interferometry and Finite Element (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 2871-2874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, a speckle microinterferometric system was employed to study the thermaldeformation of the Cu microbridges with different dimensions. The deflections of the microbridgescaused by the thermal loading were measured with real-time by the speckle microinterferometricsystem and the surface temperatures of the bridges were recorded using a digital thermometer. Thedeformation evaluation after microbridges buckling was also recorded with our testing system. Then,the experimental results were compared with the finite element analysis (FEA)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.2871.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of interplanetary MHD shock waves with the magnetopause (1973)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 24 (1973), S. 51-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction between a shock-wave and the magnetopause is formulated on the basis of one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics. The magnetopause is assumed to be a tangential discontinuity, and the magnetic field is limited to the case of perpendicularity. Both the forward and reverse shocks' impact on the magnetopause are considered and analyzed separately. The forward shock-magnetopause interaction results in a transmitted shock, a tangential discontinuity, and a simple rarefaction wave. The reverse shock-magnetopause interaction creates a transmitted shock, a tangential discontinuity, and a reflected wave. The propagation of an SSC signal which is related to an interplanetary shock-induced geomagnetic storm's onset-time on Earth is discussed in general terms. It was found in earlier work (Shen and Dryer, 1972) that the propagation velocity of an inter-planetary shock is decreased by about 10∼15% following its impact with the earth's bow shock; the present study shows that its velocity is then suddenly increased by a factor of two to three after impact with the magnetopause. The fast propagating shock-wave inside the magnetosphere degenerates into a hydromagnetic wave as it advances into an increasing intensity of the distorted dipole geomagnetic field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00648674
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