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Changes in the proportion of endogenous osmotic solutes accumulated by Chlorella emersonii in the light and dark (1983)

SETTER, T. L. ; GREENWAY, H.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 6 (1983), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract. The type of endogenous osmotic solute accumulated by Chlorella emersonii grown at high external osmotic pressure (πext) depended on the light/dark conditions: proline accumulated to high concentrations in cells in the light, while sucrose accumulated to high concentrations in the dark. These findings were made during the alternating light dark cycles used to obtain synchronized cultures, i.e. cultures containing cells at only one stage of development at any one time. Similar decreases in proline and increases in sucrose in the dark were found for cells previously grown in continuous light to obtain non-synchronized cultures, i.e. cultures containing cells at all stages of development.In cultures synchronized at 200 mol m −3 NaCl (πext= 1.01 MPa), recently divided ‘daughter cells’ at the beginning of the light periods contained 60 mol m−3 proline and 100mol m−3 sucrose, while mature cells towards the end of light periods contained 130 mol m proline and 20 mol m−3 sucrose. The changes in proline and sucrose which occurred in synchronized cultures were due mainly to light/dark conditions and to a much lesser extent to different stages of cell development. The proportion of proline to sucrose in daughter cells collected from non-synchronized cultures in continuous light was not different from the proportion in heterogeneous populations of cells.Results are discussed in relation to the accumulations of two, rather than one, endogenous osmotic solute and to growth reductions of C. emersonii exposed to high external osmotic pressures.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11587633

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2

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Effects of external NaCl on the growth of Atriplex amnicola and the ion relations and carbohydrate status of the leaves (1986)

ASLAM, Z. ; JESCHKE, W. D. ; BARRETT-LENNARD, E. G. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 9 (1986), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Atriplex amnicola, was grown in nutrient solution cultures with concentrations of NaCl up to 750 mol m−3. The growth optimum was at 25–50 mol m−3 NaCl and growth was 10–15% of that value at 750 mol m−3 NaCl. Sodium chloride at 200 mol m−3 and higher reduced the rate of leaf extension and increased the time taken for a leaf to reach its maximal length.Concentrations of Na+, K+ and Mg2+ in leaves of different ages were investigated for plants grown at 25, 200 and 400 mol m−3 NaCl. Although leaves of plants grown at 200 and 400 mol m−3 NaCl had high Na+ concentrations at young developmental stages, much of this Na+ was located in the salt bladders. Leaves excluding bladders had low Na+ concentrations when young, but very high in Na+ when old.In contrast to Na+, K+ concentrations were similar in bladders and leaves excluding bladders. Concentrations of K+ were higher in the rapidly expanding than in the old leaves. At 400 mol m−3 NaCl, the K+:Na+ ratios of the leaves excluding bladders were 0.4–0.6 and 0.1 for rapidly expanding and oldest leaves, respectively. The Na+ content in moles per leaf, excluding bladders, increased linearly with the age of the leaves; concurrent increases in succulence were closely correlated with the Na + concentration in the leaves excluding the bladders.Soluble sugars and starch in leaves, stems and buds were determined at dusk and dawn.There was a pronounced diurnal fluctation in concentrations of carbohydrates. During the night, most plant parts showed large decreases in starch and sugar. Concentrations of carbohydrates in most plant organs were similar for plants grown at 25 and 400 mol m−3 NaCl. One notable exception was buds at dusk, where sugar and starch concentrations were 30–35% less in plants grown at 400 mol m−3 NaCl than in plants grown at 25 mol m−3 NaCl.The data indicate that the growth of A. amnicola at 400 mol m−3 NaCl is not limited by the availability of photosynthate in the plant as a whole. However, there could have been a growth limitation due to inadequate organic solutes for osmotic regulation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11616320

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Water deficit in developing endosperm of maize: cell division and nuclear DMA endoreduplication (1995)

ARTLIP, T. S. ; MADISON, J. T. ; SETTER, T. L.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Water deficit severely decreases maize (Zea mays L.) kernel growth; the effect is most pronounced in apical regions of ears. The capacity for accumulation of storage material in endosperms is thought to he partially determined by the extent of cell division and endoreduplication (post-mitotic nuclear DNA synthesis). To gain a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved, we have examined the effect of water deficit on cellular development during the post-fertilization period. Greenhouse-grown maize was subjected to water-limited treatments during rapid cell division [from 1 to 10days after pollination (DAP)] or rapid endoreduplication (9 to 15 DAP). The number of nuclei and the nuclear DNA content were determined with flow cytometry. Water deficit from 1 to 10 DAP substantially decreased the rate of endosperm cell division in apical-region kernels, but had little effect on middle-region endosperms. Rewatcring did not allow cell division to recover in apical-region endosperms. Water deficit from 9 to 15 DAP also decreased cell division in apical-region endosperms. Endoreduplication was not affected by the late treatment in either region of the car, but was inhibited by the early treatment in the apical region. In particular, the proportion of nuclei entering higher DN A-content size classes was reduced. We conclude that cell division is highly responsive to water deficit, whereas endoreduplication is less so. We also conclude that the reduced proportion of nuclei entering higher DNA-content size classes during endoreduplication is indicative of multiple control points in the mitotic and endoreduplication cycles.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00614.x

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Concentrations of CO2 and O2 in floodwater and in internodal lacunae of floating rice growing at 1–2 metre water depths (1987)

SETTER, T. L. ; KUPKANCHANAKUL, T. ; KUPKANCHANAKUL, K. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 10 (1987), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract. Environment and plant measurements were made to determine what factors may limit growth of deepwater and floating rice plants during partial or complete submergence. Field surveys included measurements of temperature, pH, light, O2 and CO2 in floodwater in Thailand. In addition, measurements were made of O2 and CO2 concentrations inside internodal lacunae of deepwater and floating rice growing at 0.5–2.0 m water depths.The bulk of measurements were taken during periods when the changes in water level were less than 50 mm d−1. In the 0–0.02 m surface layer of floodwater at any location there were large changes in oxygen concentrations over diurnal cycles: there were decreases during the night down to 0.02–0.18 mol m−3 O2 at 0600 h and increases during the day to 0.13–0.28 mol m−3 O2 at 1500 h (0.28 mol m−3 being 120% of the O2 concentration of air saturated water at 30°C). During the day oxygen concentrations decreased with increasing water depth; concentrations just above the soil surface were occasionally zero. Most of this gradient disappeared during the night, and at dawn the 0.6 m surface layer of water had uniform low O2 concentrations.O2 concentrations were also measured during flash floods in Thailand. In contrast to the conditions with only small increases in water level, the O2 concentrations in the water during flash floods were more uniform with depth and changed little over a diurnal cycle, the O2 ranging between 0.14–0.19 mol m−3.In most locations floodwater contained 0.2–1.9 mol m−3 CO2 and 0.7–1.6 mol m−3 bicarbonate; however, in a location with acid sulphate soil CO2 was only 0.05–0.2 mol m−3, and bicarbonate concentrations were several fold lower. Concentrations of CO2 in floodwater increased with increasing water depth.O2 and CO2 concentrations inside internodal lacunae of rice were determined in the field when water depth were 1–2 m. Concentrations of O2 in internodes at the water surface were 16–20%, and decreased to 10% and 5% at 0.8 and 1.8 m water depth respectively. There was no diurnal cycle in O2 concentrations inside internodes. In contrast, CO2 concentrations in the lacunae increased with water depth and ranged from 1–3% in internodes at the water surface to 5–10% in internodes at 1.8 m water depth. There was evidence for a diurnal cycle in CO2 concentrations in the basal internode near the soil surface, CO2 increased during the day and decreased during the night.The above data are used to show that there is little or no relationship between gas concentrations in floodwater and internodal lacunae of rice plants. Results are discussed in relation to O2 supply to submerged portions of rice and metabolism of these tissues at low O2 concentrations.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11604764

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5

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Mineral nutrients in floodwater and floating rice growing at water depths up to two metres (1987)

Setter, T. L. ; Kupkanchanakul, T. ; Pakinnaka, L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 147-150

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: floodwater ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; potassium ; oxygen ; rice

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Concentrations of N, P and K were measured in floodwater and in floating rice cultivars growing at up to 2m water depths in the central flood plain of Thailand. Concentrations of N, P and K in floodwater were often higher than those reported for oligotrophic lakes, nevertheless the floodwater contained 4–45 times less K and 15–90 times less N than concentrations reported in most soil solutions. P concentrations were similar in the floodwater and in most soil solutions. Concentrations of nutrients in leaves indicated there may be deficiencies of P at two sites and a deficiency of N at one of two sites. Data are discussed in terms of reduced nutrient uptake in rice fields at low O2 concentrations which have recently been measured in these areas.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370637

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Field-Based High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping Reveals the Temporal Patterns of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Stress-Responsive Traits in Cotton (2016)

Pauli, D., Andrade-Sanchez, P., Carmo-Silva, A. E., Gazave, E., French, A. N., Heun, J., Hunsaker, D. J., Lipka, A. E., Setter, T. L., Strand, R. J., Thorp, K. R., Wang, S., White, J. W., Gore, M. A.

Genetics Society of America (GSA)

In: G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

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Publication Date: 2016-04-08

Description: The application of high-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) to continuously study plant populations under relevant growing conditions creates the possibility to more efficiently dissect the genetic basis of dynamic adaptive traits. Toward this end, we employed a field-based HTPP system that deployed sets of sensors to simultaneously measure canopy temperature, reflectance, and height on a cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) recombinant inbred line mapping population. The evaluation trials were conducted under well-watered and water-limited conditions in a replicated field experiment at a hot, arid location in central Arizona, with trait measurements taken at different times on multiple days across 2010–2012. Canopy temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), height, and leaf area index (LAI) displayed moderate-to-high broad-sense heritabilities, as well as varied interactions among genotypes with water regime and time of day. Distinct temporal patterns of quantitative trait loci (QTL) expression were mostly observed for canopy temperature and NDVI, and varied across plant developmental stages. In addition, the strength of correlation between HTPP canopy traits and agronomic traits, such as lint yield, displayed a time-dependent relationship. We also found that the genomic position of some QTL controlling HTPP canopy traits were shared with those of QTL identified for agronomic and physiological traits. This work demonstrates the novel use of a field-based HTPP system to study the genetic basis of stress-adaptive traits in cotton, and these results have the potential to facilitate the development of stress-resilient cotton cultivars.

Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836

Topics: Biology