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  • 1
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    Miniature microwave powered steam sterilization chamber (1997)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Technology development for lunar base water recycling (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: This paper will review previous and ongoing work in aerospace water recycling and identify research activities required to support development of a lunar base. The development of a water recycle system for use in the life support systems envisioned for a lunar base will require considerable research work. A review of previous work on aerospace water recycle systems indicates that more efficient physical and chemical processes are needed to reduce expendable and power requirements. Development work on biological processes that can be applied to microgravity and lunar environments also needs to be initiated. Biological processes are inherently more efficient than physical and chemical processes and may be used to minimize resupply and waste disposal requirements. Processes for recovering and recycling nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur also need to be developed to support plant growth units. The development of efficient water quality monitors to be used for process control and environmental monitoring also needs to be initiated.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century, Volume 2; p 551-557
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Thyroid Function Changes Related to Use of Iodinated Water in United States Space Program (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has used iodination as a method of microbial disinfection of potable water systems in United States spacecraft and long-duration habitability modules. A review of the effects on the thyroid following consumption o iodinated water by NASA astronauts was conducted. Pharmacological doses of iodine consumed by astronauts transiently decreased thyroid function, as reflected in serum TSH values. Although the adverse effects of excess iodine consumption in susceptible individuals are well documented, exposure to high doses of iodine during space flight did not result in a statistically significant increase in long-term thyroid disease in the astronaut population.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Biofilm monitoring coupon system and method of use (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An apparatus and method is disclosed for biofilm monitoring of a water distribution system which includes the mounting of at least one fitting in a wall port of a manifold in the water distribution system with a passage through the fitting in communication. The insertion of a biofilm sampling member is through the fitting with planar sampling surfaces of different surface treatment provided on linearly arrayed sample coupons of the sampling member disposed in the flow stream in edge-on parallel relation to the direction of the flow stream of the manifold under fluid-tight sealed conditions. The sampling member is adapted to be aseptically removed from or inserted in the fitting and manifold under a positive pressure condition and the fitting passage sealed immediately thereafter by appropriate closure means so as to preclude contamination of the water distribution system through the fitting. The apparatus includes means for clamping the sampling member and for establishing electrical continuity between the sampling surfaces and the system for minimizing electropotential effects. The apparatus may also include a plurality of fittings and sampling members mounted on the manifold to permit extraction of the sampling members in a timed sequence throughout the monitoring period.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Recent experiences with iodine water disinfection in Shuttle (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Microbial proliferation in the STS potable water system is prevented by maintaining a 2-5 ppm iodine residual. The iodine is added to fuel cell water by an iodinated ion exchange resin in the Microbial Check Valve (MCV). Crew comments indicated excessive iodine in the potable water. To better define the problem, a method of in-flight iodine analysis was developed. Inflight analysis during STS-30 and STS-28 indicated iodine residuals were generally in the 9-13 ppm range. It was determined that the high iodine residual was caused by MCV influent temperatures in excess of 120 F. This is well above the MCV operating range of 65-90 F. The solution to this problem was to develop a resin suitable for the higher temperatures. Since 8 months were required to formulate a MCV resin suitable for the higher temperatures, a temporary solution was necessary. Two additional MCV's were installed on the chilled and ambient water lines leading into the galley to remove the excess iodine. These reduced the iodine residual to 3-4 ppm during STS-33, STS-34, STS-36 and STS-32. A high-temperature resin was formulated and initially flown on STS-31.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: SAE PAPER 901356
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    A volatile organics concentrator for use in monitoring Space Station water quality (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The process used to identify, select, and design an approach to the isolation and concentration of volatile organic compounds from a water sample prior to chemical analysis in a microgravity environment is discerned. The trade analysis leading to the recommended volatile organics concentrator (VOC) concept to be tested in a breadboard device is presented. The system covers the areas of gases, volatile separation from water, and water removal/gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer interface. Five options for potential use in the VOC and GC/MS system are identified and ranked, and also nine options are presented for separation of volatiles from the water phase. Seven options for use in the water removal/GC column and MS interface are also identified and included in the overall considerations. A final overall recommendation for breadboard VOC testing is given.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: SAE PAPER 901352
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Space Station Environmental Health System water quality monitoring (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: One of the unique aspects of the Space Station is that it will be a totally encapsulated environment and the air and water supplies will be reclaimed for reuse. The Environmental Health System, a subsystem of CHeCS (Crew Health Care System), must monitor the air and water on board the Space Station Freedom to verify that the quality is adequate for crew safety. Specifically, the Water Quality Subsystem will analyze the potable and hygiene water supplies regularly for organic, inorganic, particulate, and microbial contamination. The equipment selected to perform these analyses will be commercially available instruments which will be converted for use on board the Space Station Freedom. Therefore, the commercial hardware will be analyzed to identify the gravity dependent functions and modified to eliminate them. The selection, analysis, and conversion of the off-the-shelf equipment for monitoring the Space Station reclaimed water creates a challenging project for the Water Quality engineers and scientists.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: SAE PAPER 901351
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Quality requirements for reclaimed/recycled water (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Water used during current and previous space missions has been either carried or made aloft. Future human space endeavors will require some form of water reclamation and recycling. There is little experience in the U.S. space program with this technology. Water reclamation and recycling constitute engineering challenges of the broadest nature that will require an intensive research and development effort if this technology is to mature in time for practical use on the proposed U.S. Space Station. In order for this to happen, reclaimed/recycled water specifications will need to be devised to guide engineering development. Present NASA Potable Water Specifications are not applicable to reclaimed or recycled water. Adequate specifications for ensuring the quality of the reclaimed or recycled potable water system is reviewed, limitations of present water specifications are examined, world experience with potable water reclamation/recycling systems and systems analogs is reviewed, and an approach to developing pertinent biomedical water specifications for spacecraft is presented. Space Station water specifications should be designed to ensure the health of all likely spacecraft inhabitants including man, animals, and plants.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-TM-58279 , S-559 , NAS 1.15:58279
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Regenerable biocide delivery unit (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method and apparatus are disclosed for maintaining continuous, long-term microbial control in the water supply for potable, hygiene, and experimental water for space activities, as well as treatment of water supplies on Earth. The water purification is accomplished by introduction of molecular iodine into the water supply to impart a desired iodine residual. The water is passed through an iodinated anion exchange resin bed. The iodine is bound as I-(sub n) at the anion exchange sites and releases I(sub 2) into the water stream flowing through the bed. The concentration of I(sub 2) in the flowing water gradually decreases and, in the prior art, the ion-exchange bed has had to be replaced. In a preferred embodiment, a bed of iodine crystals is provided with connections for flowing water therethrough to produce a concentrated (substantially saturated) aqueous iodine solution which is passed through the iodinated resin bed to recharge the bed with bound iodine. The bed of iodine crystals is connected in parallel with the iodinated resin bed and is activated periodically (e.g., by timer, by measured flow of water, or by iodine residual level) to recharge the bed. Novelty resides in the capability of inexpensively and repeatedly regenerating the ion-exchange bed in situ.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Potable water supply in U.S. manned space missions (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A historical review of potable water supply systems used in the U.S. manned flight program is presented. This review provides a general understanding of the unusual challenges these systems have presented to the designers and operators of the related flight hardware. The presentation concludes with the projection of how water supply should be provided in future space missions - extended duration earth-orbital and interplanetary missions and lunar and Mars habitation bases - and the challenges to the biomedical community that providing these systems can present.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: IAF PAPER 92-0271
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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