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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abscisic acid and stress regulate gene expression during germination of chick-pea seeds. Possible role of calcium (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 91 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A cDNA library has been constructed using poly (A+) RNA isolated from embryonic axes of chick-pea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana) seeds germinated for 12 h in 50 μM abscisic acid (ABA). By differential screening three clones (designated GAB-8, GAB-9, GAB-11) regulated by ABA were identified. Northern analysis of these clones revealed that their transcripts decline early during normal germination but are maintained or even increased by exogenous ABA. The levels of these transcripts were analyzed after subjecting seeds to stressful conditions (low and high temperature, osmotic and saline stress). Each of them responded differently to the conditions used. Only effects of high temperature and osmotic stress on transcript levels could be correlated with the effect of ABA in the seed. The possible role of calcium on mRNA accumulation was studied, revealing that the expression of the ABA-regulated clones seems to depend on the presence of calcium ions, suggesting that calcium is involved in the response of the seeds to ABA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb02975.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium dependence of the effects of abscisic acid on RNA synthesis during germination of Cicer arietinum seeds (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 83 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and CaCl2 in the medium on RNA synthesis in embryonic axes of seeds of chick-pea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana) during the first hours of germination has been studied. ABA decreases the incorporation of 3H-uridine in the embryonic axes and modifies the mRNA populations by preventing the disappearance of three polypeptides of 25, 22 and 21.6 kDa and inducing the appearance of two polypeptides of 35 and 27 kDa absent in the control. Calcium increases the effect of ABA on the synthesis of these mRNAs and seems to be involved in the synthesis of at least the polypeptide of 25 kDa, as this polypeptide disappears in the treatments with EGTA and Verapamil. Moreover, cytosolic calcium seems to be necessary for the accumulation of these messengers since treatment with TMB-8 (chelating agent for endogenous calcium) decreases the intensity of the bands corresponding to these 5 polypeptides. The possible synergistic action of ABA and calcium in this process is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb00120.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antagonistic effects of abscisic acid and gibberellic acid on the breaking of dormancy of Fagus sylvatica seeds (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 96 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Study of the factors involved in the dormancy of Fagus sylvatica seeds shows that such dormancy is due partly to the seed coats and partly to endogenous factors. Seed coat removal accelerates both the release from dormancy and the effects of the other treatments that abolish it. The dormancy of these seeds is eliminated by cold treatment at 4°C over a period longer than 8 weeks, and exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) reverses the effects of low temperature, the seeds remaining in an ungerminated state. Additionally, ABA reduces protein synthesis but slightly increases RNA synthesis, which suggests its involvement in the synthesis of RNAs related to this process. In vitro translation of the RNAs isolated from these seeds shows that ABA delays the disappearance of at least 2 polypeptides (of ca 22 and 24 kDa), which are abundant in dormant seeds and under conditions that prevent the release from dormancy, but which disappear under treatments that abolish it. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) proved to be efficient in breaking the dormancy of these seeds and in substituting for cold treatment as well as in antagonizing the effects of ABA on the synthesis of both DNA and proteins. GA3 also accelerates the disappearance of the two polypeptides abundant in dormant seeds and in ABA-treated seeds. These findings suggest that both ABA and GA3 could be involved in the regulation of nucleic acid and protein metabolism during dormancy, acting antagonistically in these processes and, specifically, in the regulation of the synthesis of the two proteins that appear to play a role in the maintenance of dormancy in these seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00209.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abscisic acid and stress regulate the expression of calmodulin in germinating chick-pea seeds (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 104 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A full-length cDNA clone for calmodulin has been isolated from a cDNA library constructed from mRNAs of chick-pea seeds germinated for 48 h in H20, using a calmodulin cDNA clone from Fagus sylvatica as a probe. The amino acid sequence of the clone shows high homology (〉 80%) with other plant and animal calmodulins. The corresponding transcripts, analysed by northern blot, are present during embryogenesis, increase along with seed germination and are repressed by abscisic acid and by several stress conditions (water, salt and heat stress) which inhibit chick-pea seed germination. The results obtained suggest that the expression of calmodulin is related to the ability of these seeds to germinate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1040313.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of a cross-talk regulation of a GA 20-oxidase (FsGA20ox1) by gibberellins and ethylene during the breaking of dormancy in Fagus sylvatica seeds (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 120 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Gibberellin 20-oxidase (GA 20-oxidase) is an enzyme that catalyses the last three steps in the synthesis of active GAs and is a potential control point in the regulation of GA biosynthesis. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with degenerated oligonucleotides conserved among GA 20-oxidases was used to isolate a cDNA clone for this enzyme in Fagus sylvatica L. seeds. This clone contains all the features and exhibits homology to GA 20 oxidases from several plant species. Expression of this clone, named FsGA20ox1, as a fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli confirmed that it was able to metabolize [14C]GA12 to [14C]GA9 and [14C]GA53 to [14C]GA20. Analysis of FsGA20ox1 transcript levels showed similar low expression during stratification at 4°C and in the presence of gibberellic acid or ethephon (compound that releases ethylene in solution), treatments proved to be efficient in breaking the dormancy of beech seeds. However, there was a drastic increase of FsGA20ox1 transcript levels in the presence of paclobutrazol (PCB), a well-known GAs biosynthesis inhibitor, or of 2-aminoxyacetic acid (AOA), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. Furthermore, the effect of AOA was reversed by the addition of GA3 and that of PCB by ethephon. This indicates that the gene product is subjected to down-regulation by GA and ethylene, and further suggests a cross-talk gene regulation by these two hormones during the transition from seed dormancy to germination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0270.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning of a functional protein phosphatase 2C (FsPP2C2) with unusual features and synergistically up-regulated by ABA and calcium in dormant seeds of Fagus sylvatica (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 114 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of proteins is a general mechanism of hormonal signal transduction, including ABA, and serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2C (PP2C, EC 3.1.3.16) have been suggested to play an important role in this process. By means of differential reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and further screening of a cDNA library made from mRNA of ABA-treated Fagus sylvatica L. seeds, a full-length cDNA clone (FsPP2C2) encoding a putative PP2C was obtained. Comparison to the databases revealed high homology to plant PP2C and most features of these enzymes, but unusual characteristics were found within the catalytic domain and the N-terminal region of the amino acid sequence. The coding region of FsPP2C2 was expressed in Escherichia coli as histidine tag fusion protein and shows Mg2+-dependent in vitro phosphatase activity. Transcription of the FsPP2C2 gene is low during seeds stratification at 4°C or under gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment and clearly increases when seeds are treated with ABA and calcium (Ca2+) together, while the addition of calcium chelators (EGTA or TMB-8) decreases its expression. Furthermore, FsPP2C2 is only expressed in ABA-treated tissues, preferentially in seeds, which suggests that this PP2C is specifically induced by ABA in dormant seeds, in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and also in other ABA-treated tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1140318.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a transcription factor (FsERF1) involved in ethylene signalling during the breaking of dormancy in Fagus sylvatica seeds (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 125 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: By means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, using degenerate oligonucleotides conserved among ethylene-responsive transcription factors, we have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone encoding a protein involved in ethylene signalling during the breaking of dormancy in Fagus sylvatica L. seeds. This clone, named FsERF1, exhibits high homology to ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs) from several plant species. The expression of FsERF1 as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli confirmed that it was able to bind to the GCC box, a cis element present in the promoters of several ethylene-responsive genes, corroborating its role as a DNA-binding protein. Northern analysis showed that the transcript levels increased when dormancy was broken by ethephon (an ethylene-releasing compound), or by moist prechilling pretreatment at restricted water content, and were almost undetectable when seeds remained dormant by the addition of abscisic acid, aminooxyacetic acid (an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor) or warm pretreatment, and when seeds were artificially dried, suggesting that FsERF1 function may be more closely related with the transition from seed dormancy to germination than with responses to drought stress mediated by ethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00571.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of three ABA-regulated clones and their relationship to maturation processes during the embryogenesis of chick-pea seeds (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 94 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Water stress inhibits germination of chick-pea seeds and produces specific changes in gene expression. some of which are coincident with those induced by the exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA). Three cDNA clones, GAB-8, GAB-9 and GAB-11, were previously identified as under the regulation of ABA and osmotic stress in embryonic axes of germinating chick-pea. Here we try to establish a relationship between the changes in gene expression induced by ABA and stress conditions during germination and those naturally occurring during the desiccation process that leads to seed maturation. Our results show that the germinative capacity of chick-pea is related to the water content of the organ. In vitro translation of the mRNAs from developing seed reveals that in the later stages of seed maturation some polypeptides appear that previously were found to be regulated by ABA and by water deficit in germinating seeds. Hybridization by northern blot of embryogenic mRNAs with GAB-8. GAB-9 and GAB-11 clones shows that the mRNAs corresponding to such clones only appear in the later phases of seed formation, coinciding with seed dehydration, and persisting until seeds became fully mature. The results suggest that these mRNAs are probably related to the response to dehydration that occurs during seed maturation, and that the pattern of expression of these ABA-regulated clones coincides with that of the established late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb00776.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abscisic acid and temperature modify the levels of calmodulin in embryonic axes of Cicer arietinum (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 75 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Changes in calmodulin (CaM) levels in embryonic axes of Cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana germinated under three different conditions were measured. Abscisic acid (ABA) and a temperature of 30°C, which delay chick-pea germination, respectively decreased and increased the concentration of CaM compared to the values obtained under normal germinating conditions (H2O-25°C). The CaM concentration was higher in those zones of the axes undergoing an active cell division.The compartmentalization of CaM in 36-h-old embryonic axes grown under these three conditions was also measured. Cytosolic and mitochondrial CaM was higher in axes where a delayed germination occurred as well as in the cell walls of normally grown ones. On the other hand, CaM was higher in nuclear and microsomal fractions extracted from H2-O-25°C-treated axes. From these data we postulate that delayed germination could be an effect of altered CaM distribution in chick-pea embryonic axes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb06177.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual sequence and characteristics of a chick-pea seed protein which is regulated by abscisic acid and is similar to late-embryogenesis-abundant proteins (1995)
    Springer
    Planta 196 (1995), S. 622-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid (protein regulation) ; Cicer ; Germination ; Late-embryogenesis-abundant protein ; (cDNA sequence) ; Protein synthesis (seed)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cDNA clone GAB-9 was selected from a cDNA gene library constructed from the mRNA of embryonic axes of chick-pea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds imbibed for 12 h in the presence of abscisic acid. The sequence of this cDNA has an open reading frame of 546 nucleotides that code for 182 amino acids. The polypeptide encoded by the corresponding mRNA is of approx. 20.5 kDa, is basic, and has a broad hydrophobic central region flanked by two hydrophilic regions. The unusual characteristics of this protein, which is similar to late-embryogenesis-abundant proteins, and its possible function are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203664
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