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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of phosphorus supply on phosphate uptake and alkaline phosphatase activity in Rhizobia (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; Continuous culture ; Glycerol 1-phosphate uptake ; Phosphate exchange ; Phosphate uptake ; Rhizobium ; Snake bean bacteroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of P nutrition on phosphate uptake and alkaline phosphatase activity was studied in chemostat culture for four rhizobial and three bradyrhizobial species. Phosphate-limited cells took up phosphate 10- to 180-fold faster than phosphate-rich cells. The four fast-growing rhizobial strains contained high levels of alkaline phosphatase activity under P-limited conditions compared to the repressed levels found in P-rich cells; alkaline phosphatase activity could not be detected in three slow-growing rhizobial strains, regardless of their P-status. Glycerol 1-phosphate-uptake in the cowpea Rhizobium NGR234 was derepressed over 50-fold under P-limited conditions, and appeared to be co-regulated with phosphate uptake. The phosphate-uptake system appeared similar in all strains with apparent K m values ranging from 1.6 μM to 6.0 μM phosphate and maximum activities from 17.2 to 126 nmol · min-1 · (mg dry weight of cells)-1. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone strongly inhibited phosphate uptake in all strains and a number of other metabolic inhibitors also decreased phosphate uptake in the cowpea Rhizobium NGR234. The phosphate uptake system in all strains failed to catalyse exchange of 32P label in preloaded cells or efflux of phosphate. The results suggest a single, repressible, unidirectional and energy-dependent system for the transport of phosphate into rhizobia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454943
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of phosphorus supply on periplasmic protein profiles in Rhizobia (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; Continuous culture ; Periplasmic proteins ; Phosphate uptake ; Phosphorus nutrition ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lysozyme/EDTA treatment of four fast-growing rhizobia released repeatable protein profiles after polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Similar treatment of slow-growing rhizobia failed to release such periplasmic proteins. For the four-fast-growing rhizobia, both P-repressible and P-inducible protein bands occurred. The only P-repressible protein identified was alkaline phosphatase, which showed strain differences in both electrophoretic mobility and activation by Mg2+. The derepression of the P-repressible periplasmic proteins in cowpea Rhizobium NGR234 correlated with derepression of both phosphate and glycerol 1-phosphate uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454944
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A continuous culture study of the phosphorus nutrition of Rhizobium trifollii WU95, Rhizobium NGR234 and Bradyrhizobium CB756 (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 276-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; Continuous culture ; Growth yields ; Phosphate ; Phosphorus nutrition ; Polyphosphate ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract With continuous cultures in a fully defined minimal salts medium steady states were achieved at both limiting and non-limiting concentrations of phosphate in the inflowing medium for Rhizobium trifolii WU95, cowpea Rhizobium NGR234, and Bradyrhizobium CB756. Millimolar growth yields obtained from P-limited cultures varied over 2-fold from 3.2 g dry weight·(mmol P)-1 for WU95 to 5.3 g dry weight·(mmol P)-1 for CB756 and 7.2 g dry weight·(mmol P)-1 for NGR234. For both WU95 and NGR234 growth under P-excess conditions resulted in elevated levels of total biomass P and the storage compound polyphosphate, compared with P-limited cultures. However, P-limited cultures of these two strains still contained significant quantities of polyphosphate. The P-status for CB756 cultures did not affect either total biomass P or polyphosphate levels. Alkaline phosphatase was maximally derepressed in P-limited cultures of WU95 and NGR234. However, in CB756 alkaline phosphatase was not detected at significant levels regardless of its P supply. These data suggest that growth of rhizobia is controlled predominantly by the attainment of a critical internal P level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454942
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the cation/anion balance of ten cultivars ofTrifolium subterraneum L., and their effects on soil acidity (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Anions ; Ash alkalinity ; Cations ; Cultivars ; Manganese ; pH ; Subterranean clover ; Trifolium subterraneam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten cultivars of subterranean clover were grown in pots on a poorly buffered, sandy soil of pH 4.9; the plants were dependent throughout upon symbiotic fixation for their supply of N. There were some marked increases in soil acidity which resulted in changes in pH of 0.76 to 1.08 (mean 0.94) units. Increasing soil acidity was associated with an increasing total content of excess cations,i.e. (Ca2+++Mg2++K++Na+)−(H2PO 4 t- +SO 4 2- +Cl−), which ranged from 15.8 to 21.9 meq pot−1. The differences between the cultivars in their effects on acidity were largely related to differences in growth rather than to marked differences in the concentration of total cations or inorganic anions. There was no obvious grouping amongst the ten cultivars in terms of either their effects on soil pH, or on their uptake of manganese.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375569
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on the availability of iron phosphates to plants (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 99 (1987), S. 401-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Colloidal iron phosphate ; Glomus fasciculatum ; Lolium rigidum ; Mitscherlich equation ; Phosphate sources ; Response curves ; Ryegrass ; Strength clover ; Trifolium subterraneam ; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of inoculation with a mycorrhizal fungus on the growth of subterranean clover and of ryegrass was measured using three sources of phosphorus with different solubilities. These were (in order of decreasing solubility): potassium dihydrogen phosphate, colloidal iron phosphate and crystalline iron phosphate. Mycorrhizal infection increased growth more for subterranean clover than for ryegrass for all sources of phosphorus. For both species the greatest benefit from mycorrhizal inoculation was obtained with the least soluble source of iron phosphate. It is suggested that the mycorrhizas were able to explore the soil more thoroughly and hence were able to locate and use the point sources of phosphorus in the insoluble iron phosphates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370885
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acacias respond to additions of phosphorus and to inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi in soils stockpiled during mineral sand mining (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 115 (1989), S. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acacia spp. ; mineral sand mining ; phosphorus response ; stockpiled soil ; VA mycorrhizal fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three pot experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the growth ofAcacia spp. in stockpiled soil from two mineral sand mines, could be increased by the addition of phosphorus (P) or inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi. In soils from North Stradbroke Island, the dry weight of shoots ofAcacia concurrens was increased by P and by VA mycorrhizal fungi in tailings sand, while in less adsorptive topsoil dry weight was only increased at low levels of applied P. WhenA. concurrens was grown in a layer of topsoil placed over tailings sand, shoot dry weight increased, in response to inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi banded between the soil layers. In topsoil from Eneabba, the dry weight of shoots at low rates of applied P was increased by up to 4 times by inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi. The response to inoculation in both experiments was due to increases in the uptake of P by the plants. Species of VA mycorrhizal fungi differed in their ability to increase plant growth. However, in soils from both sites, the same fungal species were effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220699
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) to Fe deficiency induced by low concentrations of Fe in solution or by addition of HCO3 - (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 125 (1990), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Fe deficiency ; Fe reduction ; field peas ; HCO3 - ; lupins, pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Lupins appear to be more sensitive than peas to Fe deficiency. However, when grown in nutrient solutions between pH 5–6, little difference existed between them in their ability to acidify the solution or to release FeIII reducing compounds. This experiment was aimed at determining whether differences between species which occurred when Fe deficiency was induced by withholding Fe from an acid solution, are maintained when Fe deficiency is induced by addition of HCO3 -. Lupins and peas were grown in nutrient solutions at 0, 2 and 6 μM of FeIII EDDHA and either with or without HCO3 - (6 mM). Bicarbonate induced symptoms of Fe deficiency (chlorosis) in both lupins and peas, and markedly decreased the growth of shoots. Symptoms appeared sooner and were more severe in lupins than in peas. Growing plants without HCO3 -, but at the lowest Fe level, decreased the growth and Fe concentration of shoots of lupins but did not induce chlorosis. Growing peas in this treatment, decreased Fe concentrations, but to a lesser extent than in lupins, and did not decrease growth. H+-ion extrusion and release of FeIII reducing compounds was greater in lupins than in peas. Bicarbonate also decreased the growth of roots of lupins but increased the growth of roots of peas. Results indicate that when Fe deficiency is induced by HCO3 -, then the response of lupins and peas are similar to their response in acid solution culture. Differences between species therefore could not be explained by their relative abilities to acidify or release FeIII reducing compounds. Greater control of the distribution of Fe within the shoots, the presence of a pool of Fe within the roots, a lower threshold for Fe uptake, or a higher content of seed-Fe, may therefore be the reason for the lower sensitivity of peas than lupins to Fe deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010742
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhizosphere acidification and Fe3+ reduction in lupins and peas: Iron deficiency in lupins is not due to a poor ability to reduce Fe3+ (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 119 (1989), S. 163-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Fe-stress response ; field peas ; cluster roots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract While lupins suffer severely from Fe deficiency when grown on calcareous soils, field peas under the same conditions grow normally. This paper aimed to identify whether these differences were related to differences in either the pattern or capacity for rhizosphere acidification or Fe3+ reduction between these species. Two lupin species (Lupinus angustifolius, L. cosentinii) and field peas (Pisum sativum) were grown in solution culture for 5 weeks with both an adequate and a low supply of Fe. Plants were reliant on symbiotically fixed N. The extent of iron reduction was determined using the chelates TPTZ and BPDS. The pattern of reactions around roots was determined by placing roots in agar containing either bromocresol purple or TPTZ. The low supply of Fe decreased the growth of lupins by over 30% and induced severe chlorosis and necrosis. Growth of the peas was reduced by less than 15% and no symptoms appeared. All species acidified the solutions by about 1 pH unit regardless of the Fe treatment. The level of Fe3+ reduction was higher for all species grown with low Fe than with adequate Fe. Capacity for Fe3+ reduction was higher for all species grown with low Fe than with adequate Fe. Capacity for Fe3+ reduction was similar for all species. The pattern of acidification and reduction around roots was also similar between species. Thus it appears that the capacity of lupins to reduce Fe3+ in the rhizosphere is not the primary cause of Fe deficiency in lupins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370281
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of MES buffer in early nodulation studies with annual Medicago species (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 131 (1991), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: annual Medicago ; nodulation ; buffer ; nutrient solution ; pH stability ; 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The usefulness of 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) to stabilize the pH of solutions in the range pH 5.5 to 7.0 during early growth and nodulation of annual Medicago (medic) species was investigated. In the first experiment, effects of MES concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 mM) on growth and nodulation of Medicago polymorpha L. and the stability of solution pH were investigated. In the second experiment we assessed the effect of MES on the growth and nodulation of three medic species (M. truncatula Gaernt., M. polymorpha and M. murex Willd.) at a range of starting pH levels (5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0) with different concentrations of MES buffer (0, 0.5, 10 mM). In a third experiment, the effects of the concentration of extra cations and the species (K-ion or Na-ion), used as hydroxide to bring solutions containing different MES concentrations to target pH were investigated. MES had no effect on growth at MES concentrations as high as 10 mM but nodule numbers were increased by concentrations of MES of 2 mM or greater. The presence of extra K-ion or Na-ion in solutions had no effect on plant growth or nodulation. With low MES concentrations (0.5 mM), solution pH stability was improved by daily titration and the use of a high nitrate to ammonium ratio (9 : 1) in solution. This combination of strategies maintained pH within a narrow range without effects on annual medic growth or nodulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009449
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivar variation in the effect of chlorsulfuron in depressing the uptake of copper in wheat (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 225 (2000), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The application of herbicides has induced symptoms of nutrient deficiencies under some circumstances. This glasshouse study examined the effect of chlorsulfuron on the uptake and utilization of copper (Cu) in four cultivars of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Kulin, Cranbrook, Gamenya and Bodallin) on a Cu-responsive soil. Application of chlorsulfuron depressed the concentration of Cu in wheat plants receiving either inadequate or adequate Cu. In plants with inadequate Cu supply, chlorsulfuron increased the severity of Cu deficiency. Shoot weight was markedly decreased by chlorsulfuron at all levels of Cu, through decreasing the number of tillers and the elongation of leaves. This decreased growth of shoots occurred prior to the effect on Cu concentration in tissues. The retranslocation of Cu in old tissues over time was unaffected by chlorsulfuron. In all wheat cultivars, the decreased growth of shoots were correlated with the concentration of Cu in the youngest fully emerged leaf blade with critical levels of 1.6−1.7 at day 25 and 0.9−1.0 µg g−1 d. wt. at day 60. The application of chlorsulfuron tended to increase the critical level at day 25 but not at day 60. In addition, Kulin seems to be most, and Cranbrook least, sensitive to chlorsulfuron. This sensitivity was associated with the sensitivity of the cultivars to Cu deficiency. It is suggested that chlorsulfuron application induces Cu deficiency in wheat plants mainly due to effects on the uptake of Cu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026598918181
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