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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of sand deposition on scleractinian and alcyonacean corals (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 121 (1995), S. 517-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ability of corals to withstand experimental sand deposition was investigated for two experimental periods (17 h and 6 wk) in eight scleractinia (Favia favus, Favites pentagona, Platygyra daedalea, Gyrosmilia interrupta, Galaxea fascicularis, Cyphastrea chalcidicum, Favites abdita, Goniopora dijboutensis) and five alcyonacea (Lobophytum depressum, L. venustum, Sinularia dura, S. leptoclados, Sarcophyton glaucum) collected in 1992 from Natal, South Africa. Scleractinia were active sediment shedders, alcyonacea passive, relying on water motion and gravity. Short-term sand clearing efficiency was primarily dependent on corallum shape. Sand application led to hydrostatic inflation of polyps in scleractinia and the entire colony in alcyonacea as well as to increased tentacular action in the scleractinian Gyrosmilia interrupta. Under continuous sand application, inflation remained while other activities, such as tentacular motion, ceased completely. In scleractinia and alcyonacea, tissue necroses appeared after the first week of continuous sand application. Death of entire colonies and partial bleaching of continually sandcovered areas were observed in alcyonacea only. Different grain sizes of sand had no influence on clearing reaction or efficiencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349461
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coral diseases and Drupella cornus invasion in the Red Sea (1998)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 17 (1998), S. 48-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380050093
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coral frameworks revisited–reefs and coral carpets in the northern Red Sea (1999)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 18 (1999), S. 241-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Keywords: Key words Reef framework ; Coral carpet ; Coral community ; Fossilisation potential Carbonate production ; Sedimentation ; Red Sea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Coral communities were investigated in the northern Red Sea, in the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, for their framework building potential. Five types of coral frameworks were differentiated: Acropora reef framework, Porites reef framework, Porites carpet, faviid carpet, and Stylophora carpet. Two non-framework community types were found: the Stylophora-Acropora community, and soft coral communities. Reef frameworks show a clear ecological zonation along depth and hydrodynamic exposure gradients, with clear indicator communities for each zone. By definition, coral carpets build a framework but lack distinct zonation patterns since they grow only in areas without pronounced gradients. In the northern Red Sea they show a gradual change with depth from Porites to faviid dominance. A Stylophora carpet is restricted to shallow water in the northern Gulf of Suez. Although growth rates of carpets may be somewhat less than those of reefs, the carbonate accumulation is considered to be higher in carpet areas due to their significantly higher areal extension. In addition, reefs and carpets have different sediment retention characteristics – the carpet retains, the reef exports. The in situ fossilization potential of coral carpets is expected to be higher than that of reef frameworks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380050188
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A coral damage index and its application to diving sites in the Egyptian Red Sea (1999)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 18 (1999), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Keywords: Key words Coral damage index ; Diver and Anchor damage ; Carrying capacities ; Mooring buoys ; Red Sea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A coral damage index (CDI) is provided, to screen sites to obtain a perspective on the extent and severity of physical damage to coral. Sites are listed as “hot spots” if in any transect the percent of broken coral colonies (BCC) is greater than or equal to 4% or if the percent cover of coral rubble (CR) is greater than or equal to 3%. To demonstrate its utility, the CDI is applied to a real-life management situation off Hurghada and Safaga, Egypt in the Red Sea. The extent of coral damage covered all four diving sites. Forty percent of all the transects were “hot spots” that required management action. Thirty-one percent of the 16 “hot spot” transects were identified by both broken coral and rubble criteria, 25% by only broken coral criterion and 44% by only coral rubble criterion of the CDI, suggesting that past breakage was responsible for most of the observed damage. Sixty-three percent of the “hot spot” transects were at 4 m depth versus 37% at 8 m depth, suggesting that most of the damage was caused by anchors dragging across the reef in shallow water. The severity of coral damage, reflected by CR, was the greatest at Small Giftun in transect 5 at 4 m depth (333% above the CDI). EI Fanous experienced the most severe degree of broken coral damage (325% above the CDI) at 8 m depth along transect 2. Estimates of the number of dives per year show diving carrying capacities for El Fanous, Gotta Abu Ramada, Ras Abu Soma and Small Giftun being exceeded by large amounts. The CDI can be used globally to; gauge the severity and extent of damage, focus managers on areas that need mooring buoys and associated dive site management programs, and provide a starting point from which to focus more detailed coral reef assessments and restoration programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380050208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rolling stones: first report of a free living Acropora anthocercis (Brook) from the Red Sea (1996)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 15 (1996), S. 149-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01145884
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rolling stones: First report of a free livingAcropora anthocercis (Brook) from the Red Sea (1996)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 15 (1996), S. 149-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01145884
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corals in a non-reef setting in the southern Arabian Gulf (Dubai, UAE): fauna and community structure in response to recurring mass mortality (1999)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 18 (1999), S. 63-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Keywords: Key words Coral community structure ; Coral fauna ; Mass mortality ; Water temperature ; Sedimentation ; Arabian Gulf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Reef coral communities in a non-reef setting on shallow, flat hardgrounds were quantitatively sampled in Dubai Emirate (UAE, Southern Arabian Gulf) before and after a coral mass mortality in 1996. The coral fauna consisted of 34 scleractinian species before and 27 after the event, which removed virtually all Acropora. No alcyonacea were recorded. Five community types were identified and characterized by the dominant species: (A) a sparse Porites lutea community in sandy areas, (B) a dense Acropora clathrata community in areas with little sand, (C) a faviid community in muddy areas, (D) a Siderastrea savignyana community in sandy areas, and (E) a Porites compressa community, which built a framework in sandy areas. These communities are comparable to those described from other areas of the Gulf, where a stable pattern of community differentiation appears to exist. The spatial distribution and dynamics of the coral communities appears to be strongly influenced by mass mortality events recurring every 15 to 20 y. A combination of extreme water temperatures and high sedimentation/turbidity appear to be the major cause of mortality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380050156
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  • 8
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    Oceanography, sedimentology and acoustic mapping of a bryomol carbonate factory in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 255: 197-215.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: Bryomol carbonates, composed of bryozoans and molluscs, are found in non-tropical shelf and upper slope settings where they are sensitive indicators of oceanographic conditions. Few modern bryomol carbonate settings have been investigated to date, despite their importance in the Phanerozoic rock record. Furthermore, no detailed facies mapping and long-term oceanographic observations have been undertaken in modern bryomol settings, even though this is important for accurately interpreting facies, climate and oceanography from fossil bryomol carbonates. A bryomol carbonate factory on the western margin of the northern Gulf of California, Mexico was selected for an integrated high-resolution in situ oceanographic monitoring, acoustic seafloor mapping, sediment and bryozoan growth morphology study. Molluscan- (28%), bryozoan- (25%) and barnacle- (14%) dominated carbonate production takes place under normal saline warm-temperate eutrophic conditions, with average near sea surface temperatures of 20{degrees}C. Even though temperatures are unusually warm for the formation of bryomol carbonates, they develop as a result of prevailing eutrophic conditions (average chlorophyll-a contents of 2.2 mg chl-a m-3). Eutrophic conditions provide ample food to heterotrophic calcifiers and largely exclude faster-growing phototrophic organisms by drastically restricting the depth of the euphotic zone and, therefore, water clarity. Thus, the presence of high amounts of nutrients can generate cool-water-type carbonate assemblages at temperatures where a warm-water association would be expected.
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    Variable El Nino-Southern Oscillation influence on biofacies dynamics of eastern Pacific shallow-water carbonate systems (2016)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a periodic climatic and oceanic event caused by sea-surface temperature and nutrient anomalies over the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP). Recurring ENSO events have a significant impact on climate and the ecosystems of the circum-Pacific region. In the marine realm, ENSO is known for altering temperature and nutrient patterns, affecting the pelagic food chain, and causing widespread bleaching of corals due to temperature stress. The potential impacts of ENSO on shallow benthic ecosystems as a whole, however, are poorly understood. Here, we compared biogenic sedimentary facies of ETP shallow-water carbonate systems in a strongly ENSO-influenced area (Galápagos Islands, Ecuador [GAL]) with similar systems in an area less strongly influenced by ENSO (Gulf of California, Mexico [GOC]). Carbonate assemblages in both study regions range from coral-algal–dominated (photozoan) to molluscan-dominated (heterozoan) assemblages. Linear statistical models, comparing the distribution of carbonates against prominent local oceanographic parameters, show that minimum chlorophyll- a and maximum sea-surface temperature (which are both strongly influenced by ENSO) are dominant drivers shaping carbonate sediment facies in the GAL. In contrast, GOC carbonates have a distinct mean chlorophyll- a signature that is the result of an upwelling-induced north-south nutrient gradient not significantly influenced by ENSO.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 10
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    Coral frameworks revisited-reefs and coral carpets in the northern Red Sea (1999)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-23
    Print ISSN: 0722-4028
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0975
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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