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  • 1
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    Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasii studies in San Francisco Bay, December 1981 to March 1982 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Region | Menlo Park, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/315 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:14:05 | 315 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Hydroacoustic monitoring and sampling of San Francisco Bayherring stocks were conducted from December 1981 to March 1982. Major schools usually were located in central San Francisco Bay between 30 and 90 ft deep prior to spawning. The largest school observed had an estimated volume of 1.5 billion ft3. There was some consistency between the maximum calculated volume of a school prior to spawning and the subsequent spawning biomass estimate, based on egg counts, by Marine Resources Region personnel.Herring samples were obtained with variable mesh gill nets, a midwater trawl and from commercial purse seine and lampara vessels. Eight discrete spawns were sampled for size and age composition, although data from December and early January samples were biased due to selectivity of the gill net mesh array. In general, a trend was observed of decreasing mean size and age as the season progressed.Ages of herring ranged from 2 to 9 years. From 87 to 94% of the fish sampled with a midwater trawl, 1.5- to 2.5-in mesh array gill net, and from commercial roundhaul samples consisted of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-olds.Calculation of desired sample size for future work indicatesthat 17 fish per 10-mm size interval need to be aged to determine age composition of each spawning population. (51pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; Pacific herring ; Clupea harengus pallasii
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 2
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    Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, studies in San Francisco Bay, April 1986 to March 1987 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Region | Menlo Park, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/335 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:13:44 | 335 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Herring schools were surveyed hydroacoustically and sampled in San Francisco Bay from late October 1986 to March 1987. Eight large schools (greater than 1000 tons each) spawned from December to February and seven smaller schools were detected throughout the spawning season. Total acoustic biomass estimate using a "visual integration" technique was 40,930 tons, and it was determined from spawn escapement and commercial landings that an additional 2240 tons were not detected. This is a slight increase from last season's total of approximately 42,200 tons. For the first time, biomass was also estimated using echo integration equipment. A total biomass was obtained of 33,050 tons, including herring not detected acoustically. This estimate must be considered preliminary and subject to revision after target strength of San Francisco Bay herring is determined.Eighty-seven samples, containing a total of 13,125 herring, were collected with variable-mesh gill net and midwater trawl or obtained from the roundhaul and gill net fisheries. Mean body length (BL) of sampled herring decreased by about 20 mm from the beginning to the end of the spawning season. A combination of variable-mesh gill net and midwater trawl samples for a particular school closely approximates mean BL and age composition data from unbiased roundhaul samples.Age-weight and age-length relationships were average to above average compared with those of the previous two seasons. The 1982 year class exhibited unusually good growth, with a mean BL of 202.8 mm for herring aged from stratified random samples.The 1982 through 1985 year classes (5- through 2-yr olds)contributed 97% by number and 95% by weight to the total 1986-87 spawning biomass in San Francisco Bay. Good recruitment has occurred during the past four seasons. The weak 1981 year class contributed little to the total biomass as 6-yr olds.Average catch per tow of young-of-the-year (YOY) herring is a potential index of abundance for recruitment 18 months later as 2-yr olds. Estimated recruitment has only varied by 15% during the past three seasons and does not reflect the magnitude or trend in YOY catches in the bay. (85pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; Biology ; Pacific herring ; Clupea harengus pallasi ; San Francisco Bay ; California
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  • 3
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    Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, studies in San Francisco Bay, central and northern California, and Washington; March 1985 to May 1986 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Region | Menlo Park, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/49 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:38:54 | 49 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Herring schools were surveyed hydroacoustically and sampledin San Francisco Bay from late October 1985 to March 1986.Nine schools entered the bay and spawned between October 30and March 5; large schools (greater than 1000 tons) occurred only from December to March. Total biomass estimate from hydroacoustic surveys was 36,600 tons, and it was determined from spawn escapement and catch that an additional 5600 tons were not detected. This is an increase from last season's total of approximately 35,000 tons. Heavy rainfall and depressed salinities in the bay inhibited spawning for 3 wk in February and March. Eighty- five samples, containing a total of 13,260 herring, were collected with variable-mesh gill net and midwater trawl or obtained from the roundhaul and gill net fisheries. Mean length of herring decreased only during the early part of the season; the strong showing of the 1982 and 1983 yr classes resulted in more uniform length composition of samples from December to March.Age composition for the entire spawning season consisted of90% by number and 85% by weight 2-, 3-, and 4-yr olds (1984, 1983, and 1982 yr classes). The 1981 yr class again was relatively weak. The 1982 yr class has had the highest mean length and weight as 3- and 4-yr olds that we have seen in 5 yr.Fecundity estimates from the past three seasons averaged 222.8 eggs/g and showed no significant difference amongseasons.Survival of herring from 1984-85 spawns was greater than the previous year and indicates that the 1985 yr class may be above average in relative strength.A morphometric analysis of herring from Humboldt Bay, FortBragg, Tomales Bay, and San Francisco Bay indicated that northern stocks could be separated from southern stocks with an 85-87% success rate, but morphometric differences were not great enough to separate herring from Tomales and San Francisco Bays. Growth differences, expressed as mean age per BL interval, were apparent in the four groups and show a gradual increase in growth rate with increasing latitude. Herring from Washington, aged by scales and otoliths, also fit this trend. (102pp.)
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Biology
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  • 4
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    Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, experimental roe-on-kelp open pound fishery studies in San Francisco Bay, December 1987 to February 1988 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Region | Bodega Bay, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/103 | 8 | 2021-02-27 19:29:20 | 103 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The experimental open pound herring roe-on-kelp (ROK) fishery was studied in San Francisco Bay from mid December 1987 to mid February 1988. Five different harvests were observed and sampled. A total of 19.7 tons of Macrocystis sp. kelp covered with herring eggs was processed during this period.Kelp harvested from the Santa Barbara Channel Islands wastransported to San Francisco Bay for hanging on the pounds.Weather conditions at the channel islands affected the condition and dimensions of the harvested kelp. Once suspended on the pounds in bay waters, the cut kelp deteriorated in 8 to 10 d. Based on our sampling, an average of 0.98 tons of kelp with a total blade surface area of 3031 m2 was suspended from each pound.ROK was sampled at the shoreside processing facility. Densities of attached eggs ranged from light (less than three layers) to heavy (more than six layers) for the five different spawns. Egg coverage on each pound also varied; kelp towards the middle portion of the pound received heavier deposition of eggs. Average weight increase from egg deposition, per blade, was 780% with the kelp weighing an average of 12.2% of the total. An average 13.2% by weight was trimmed during processing. A multiplication factor of 0.206 should be used to convert individual roe herring allotments to ROK allotments.Standard plastic totes containing processed ROK averaged 1783 lb total gross weight. Totes contained an average of 49.7% ROK by weight. Samples of roe-on-kelp increased an average of 10.9% in weight after brining during processing. (35pp.)
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pacific herring ; Clupea harengus pallasi ; San Francisco Bay ; California
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  • 5
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    Onboard sampling of the rockfish and lingcod commerical passenger fishing vessel industry in northern and central California, 1992 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game Marine Resources Division | Monterey, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/109 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:34:32 | 109 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: In 1992 fishery technicians sampled 230 commercial passenger fishing vessel (CPFV) trips targeting rockfish and lingcod from the port areas of Fort Bragg, Bodega Bay, San Francisco, Monterey, and Morro Bay. The skippers of 44 vessels, and 2,190 anglers, cooperated in the study. Species composition by port area and month, catch-per-unit-effort, mean length, and length frequency of lingcod and the 18 most frequently observed rockfish species are presented, as well as fishing effort relative to time, depth, and distance from port. Total catch estimates based on unadjusted and adjusted logbook records are summarized.Average catch of kept fish per angler day was 12.6 and average catch of kept fish per angler hour was 4.0. A continuing trend of an increasing frequency of trips to deep (〉 40 fm) locations was observed in the Bodega Bay, San Francisco, and Monterey areas. Bodega Bay and San Francisco showed the highest frequency of trips to distant locations.Sixty species comprised of 29,731 fish were observed caught during the study. Rockfish comprised 93.5% by number of the total observed catch. The five most frequently observedspecies were blue, yellowtail, widow and rosy rockfishes, and bocaccio, with lingcod ranking eighth.CPFV angler success, as determined by catch per angler hour, generally increased in all ports in 1992 compared to previous 1988-91 data (Reilly et al. 1993). However, port-specific areas of major concern were identified for chilipepper, lingcod, and black rockfish, and to alesser extent brown, canary, vermilion, yelloweye, widow and greenspotted rockfishes. These areas of concern included steadily declining catch rate, steadily declining mean length, and/or a high percentage of sexually immature fish in the sampled catch.Recent sampling of the commercial hook-and-line fishery in northern and central California indicates that most rockfishes taken by CPFV anglers are also harvested commercially. (105pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; rockfish ; lingcod ; sport fishing ; California
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  • 6
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    Onboard sampling of the rockfish and lingcod commerical passenger fishing vessel industry in northern and central California, January through December 1995 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game Marine Region | Monterey, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/107 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:34:23 | 107 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The Central California Marine Sport Fish Project has been collecting angler catch data on board Commercial Passenger Fishing Vessels (CPFVs) fishing for rockfish or lingcod since 1987. The program depends on the voluntary cooperation of CPFV owners and operators. This fifth report in a series presents data collected in 1995, refers to historical data from 1987 to 1994, and documentstrends in species composition, angler effort, catch per unit effort (CPUE), and, for selected species, mean length, and length frequency.Angler catches on board central and northern California CPFVs were sampled from 12 ports, ranging from Fort Bragg in the north to Port San Luis (Avila Beach) in the south. Technicians observed a total of 1829 anglers fishing on 218 CPFV trips. These observed anglers caught 26,197fish of which samplers determined 22,888 were kept. Over 62% of these fish were caught at Monterey or Morro Bay area ports. Only 18 of 55 species comprised at least one percent of the catch. The top ten species in order of abundance were yellowtail, blue, olive, and rosy rockfishes, lingcod, and canary, widow, gopher, starry, and vermilion rockfishes. Blue and yellowtail rockfishes together comprised approximately 47% of the observed catch. Overall, rockfishes represented 35 species or 64% of the 55 identified species. By number, rockfishes comprised 91.9 % of the observed catch.All CPUE and length data collected since 1987 were partitioned into six location groups for each port area, based on a combination of location, bottom depth, and distance from the nearest port. This allowed examination of indicator trends without potential biases due to non-random trip selection or ontogenetic changes in depth distribution for certain rockfishes. Results indicate thatthe two primary species in the northern and central California CPFV fishery, blue and yellowtailrockfishes (accounting for 47% of all observed fish in 1995), are in reasonably good condition with no steady declines in either average catch per angler hour or mean length during the last 8 years. The primary species of concern are mainly shallow-water species impacted by a recently expanded commercial hook-and-line fishery or deep-water species (chilipepper and bocaccio) which are fished intensively by the commercial industry and have experienced recent statewide stock declines.Estimated total rockfish catch, adjusted by logbook compliance rates and on board sampling data, has declined significantly in all port areas since 1992. This is largely attributable to increased recreational fishing effort for salmon as well as coast-wide stock declines in several important commercially fished species. (112pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; rockfish ; lingcod ; sport fishing ; California
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  • 7
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    Onboard sampling of the rockfish and lingcod commerical passenger fishing vessel industry in northern and central California, January through December 1993 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game Marine Resources Division | Monterey, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/108 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:34:27 | 108 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The Central California Marine Sport Fish Project has been collecting angler catch data on board Commercial Passenger Fishing Vessels (CPFVs) fishing for rockfish or lingcod since 1987. The program depends on the voluntary cooperation of CPFV owners and operators. This third report in a series presents data collected in 1993, refers to historical data from 1987 to 1992, and documents trends in species composition, angler effort, catch per unit effort (CPUE), and, for selected species, mean length and length frequency.Angler catches on board central and northern California CPFVs were sampled from 15 ports, ranging from Crescent City in the north to Port San Luis (Avila Beach) in the south.Technicians observed a total of 2385 anglers fishing on 248 CPFV trips. These observed anglers caught 29,622 fish of which Technicians determined 27,421 were kept. Over 60% of these fish were caught at Monterey or Morro Bay area ports. Only 18 of the 58 species each comprised at least one percent of the catch. The top ten species in order of abundance were blue, yellowtail, chilipepper, rosy, widow, canary, greenspotted, bocaccio, and vermilion rockfishes and lingcod. Blue and yellowtail rockfishes, and chilipepper, together comprised over 50% of the observed catch. Overall, rockfishes represented 35 species or 59% of the 58 identified species.In general, 1993 data indicated that in all port areas CPFV fishery resources, with a few exceptions, were in a viable and sustainable condition, similar to the previous 6 years. This study identified nine species, lingcod and eight rockfishes, with areas of concern which were primarilyport-specific. Six of these ranked among the 10 most frequently observed species, five were schooling or migratory species, two were nearshore species, and three were offshore species. Trends of most concern continue to be declining catch per angler hour (CPAH) - of yellowtailrockfish in the Bodega Bay area, lingcod in shallow locations near the Monterey area, and yelloweye rockfish in the San Francisco area, as well as decreasing mean lengths of canary rockfish in the Monterey area and brown rockfish in the Morro Bay area. Populations of black rockfish, the species presently of greatest concern in the CPFV fishery, showed some positive signs this year. Also on the positive side, the Monterey and Morro Bay areas experienced anincreased availability of newly-recruited smaller, juvenile vermilion rockfish in observed catches. Total catch estimates were within values observed in previous years. (132pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; rockfish ; lingcod ; sport fishing ; California
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    Type: monograph
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  • 8
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    On board sampling of the rockfish and lingcod commerical passenger fishing vessel industry in northern and central California, May 1987 to December 1991 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Division | Monterey, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/110 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:34:39 | 110 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: From May 1987 to June 1990 and from August to December 1991Fishery Technicians sampled catches on board 690 CommercialPassenger Fishing Vessel (CPFV) trips targeting rockfish and lingcod from the general port areas of Fort Bragg, Bodega Bay, San Francisco, Monterey, and Morro Bay. Data are presented for species composition by port area, year, and month, for catch-per-unit-effort, mean length, and length frequency of lingcod and the 18 most frequently observed rockfish species, and for trends in fishing effort related to fishing time, depth, and distance from port. Total catch estimates are presented based on unadjusted logbook records, logbook records adjusted by sampling data and compliance rates, and effort data from a marine recreational fishing statistics survey. Average catch of kept fish per angler day was 11.8 and average catch of kept fish per angler hour was 3.7. A trend of an increasing frequency of trips to deep (〉40 fm) locations was observed in the Bodega Bay, San Francisco, and Monterey areas from 1988 to 1990-91. No trend was evident relative to trip frequency and distance from port.A total of 74 species was observed caught during the study.Rockfishes comprised 88.5% to 97.9% by number of the observed catch by port area. The five most frequently observed species were chilipepper, blue, yellowtail, and widow rockfishes, and bocaccio, with lingcod ranking seventh.In general, mean length and catch-per-angler-hour of sportfishes caught by CPFV anglers varied considerably and did not show steady declines during the study period. However, port-specific areas of major concern were identified forchilipepper, lingcod, and black rockfish, and to a lesserextent brown, canary, vermilion, yelloweye, olive, and widow rockfish. These areas of concern included steadily declining catch rate, steadily declining mean length, and a high percentage of sexually immature fish in the sampled-catch.Recent sampling of the commercial hook-and-line fishery innorthern and central California indicated that most species of rockfishes taken by CPFV anglers are also harvested commercially. (261pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; rockfish ; lingcod ; sport fishing ; California
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  • 9
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    Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, studies in San Francisco Bay, Monterey Bay, and the Gulf of the Farallones, May 1983 to March 1984 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Region | Menlo Park, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/323 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:14:49 | 323 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Herring stocks were surveyed hydroacoustically and sampledin San Francisco Bay from November 1983 to March 1984. Amaximum of 12 schools entered the Bay and spawned betweenOctober 29 and March 20, although large schools (at least1000 tons) occurred only from January 2 to March 14. Totalbiomass estimate from hydroacoustic surveys was only 29 300tons, compared with 67 040 tons during the 1982-83 season.Although different from MRR's biomass estimate from spawndeposition plus catch (59 000 tons in 1982-83 and 40 000tons in 1983-84), hydroacoustic estimates showed the samedeclining trend.One hundred-four samples, containing a total of 13 940herring, were collected with variable-mesh gill net andmidwater trawl or obtained from the roundhaul and gill netfisheries. The normal pattern of decreasing mean lengthand age of herring as the season progressed was observed.Small schools that spawned in November and Decemberconsisted primarily of 4- to 7-yr-old herring. In general,the absence of large aggregations of older fish during mostof the fishing season resulted in a poor season for thefleet. An encouraging sign was the strength of the 1982 yrclass. These 2-yr-old fish completely dominated schoolsfrom late January until the end of the spawning season, comprising from 40 to 83%, by number, of samples. The 1981 yr class (3-yr olds) was relatively weak, contributing no more than 16% by number to any school sampled.Poor growth conditions during 1983 were evidenced bylength/age and weight/age relationships. For most ages,mean lengths were 5 to 10 mm less than those of last season.Weight at age averaged 16% less than historical values andranged from 10% for 2-yr olds to almost 20% for 8-yr olds.Average fecundity was estimated from egg counts from 153unripe herring. Mean value was 220.9 eggs/g of fish +/- 4.9eggs/g.A positive correlation has been observed for the past threeseasons between the relative abundance of young-of-the-yearherring, as noted from midwater trawl samples collected bythe Department's Bay-Delta Project, and the resultant yearclass strength of newly recruited 2-yr-old herring in SanFrancisco Bay's spawning stocks. Data from 1983 summersampling indicate the 1983 yr class is relatively weak. (77pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; Biology ; Pacific herring ; Clupea harengus pallasi
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  • 10
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    Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, studies in San Francisco Bay, Monterey Bay, and the Gulf of the Farallones, July 1982 to March 1983 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Region | Menlo Park, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/319 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:14:30 | 319 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Herring stocks were hydroacoustically surveyed and sampled in San Francisco Bay from November 1982 to March 1983. Twelve discrete herring schools were identified, all of which spawned between November 7 and February 23. One additional school was found in the Bay in March but showed no evidence of spawning. Total biomass estimate fromhydroacoustic surveys was 67,040 tons. Based on MRR biomass estimates from spawned egg counts, an additional 10,000 tons may have spawned in November and December without being detected hydroacoustically. The largest schools occurred in January and February. Hydroacoustic estimates of biomass for individual schools during the season ranged from270 to 22,300 tons.Sixty-seven samples, containing a total of 12,232 herring, were collected with variable mesh gill net and midwater trawl or obtained from the commercial roundhaul and gill net fisheries. In general, a trend was observed of decreasing mean size and age as the season progressed.Schools spawning in November and December consisted primarily of 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-yr-old fish. Schools sampled from January to March were predominantly 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-yr-old herring. The 1978, 1979, and 1980 yr classes (ages 5, 4, and 3 yr) were strong, comprising up to 90% of thesamples. The 1981 yr class (2-yr olds) was relatively weak.Abundant rainfall and resultant low salinity in San Francisco Bay surface waters apparently delayed or prevented herring from spawning in February and March.A relationship may exist between relative abundance of young-of-the-year fish, as noted from midwater trawl samples collected by the Department's Bay-Delta Study, and the resultant year class strength of newly recruited2-yr-old herring in San Francisco Bay's spawning stocks. (57pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; Biology ; Pacific herring ; Clupea harengus pallasi
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    Type: monograph
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