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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-01-29
    Print ISSN: 2469-9950
    Electronic ISSN: 2469-9969
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: We combine satellite data products to provide a first and general overview of the physical sea ice conditions along the drift of the international Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition and a comparison with previous years (2005–2006 to 2018–2019). We find that the MOSAiC drift was around 20 % faster than the climatological mean drift, as a consequence of large-scale low-pressure anomalies prevailing around the Barents–Kara–Laptev sea region between January and March. In winter (October–April), satellite observations show that the sea ice in the vicinity of the Central Observatory (CO; 50 km radius) was rather thin compared to the previous years along the same trajectory. Unlike ice thickness, satellite-derived sea ice concentration, lead frequency and snow thickness during winter months were close to the long-term mean with little variability. With the onset of spring and decreasing distance to the Fram Strait, variability in ice concentration and lead activity increased. In addition, the frequency and strength of deformation events (divergence, convergence and shear) were higher during summer than during winter. Overall, we find that sea ice conditions observed within 5 km distance of the CO are representative for the wider (50 and 100 km) surroundings. An exception is the ice thickness; here we find that sea ice within 50 km radius of the CO was thinner than sea ice within a 100 km radius by a small but consistent factor (4 %) for successive monthly averages. Moreover, satellite acquisitions indicate that the formation of large melt ponds began earlier on the MOSAiC floe than on neighbouring floes.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0424
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 3
  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: This dataset contains measurements of dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss of ice core samples by impedance measurements at 50 MHz on ice stations during the Polarstern cruise PS131 in the marginal ice zone in the Fram Strait between mid-July and 6th of August 2022. Measurements were performed using the Stevens Water Monitoring Systems Hydra Probe Sensor. Ice core samples were obtained with a 9 cm corer. Then a positioning device was used to drill four 3mm holes vertically into the ice core for the device's central waveguide and outer rods. A response was recorded in one-minute intervals for several minutes. The dataset contains both mean and standard deviation of each placement. The dataset also contains temperature, salinity and density measurements (all independent of the device) of the sampled ice cores. For more information of these measurements the user is referred to Chapter 8 of the cruise report. The columns "Site" and "Floe" refer to the nomenclature used in that cruise report with the sites being relative positions on the floes as shown in Figure 3.2.3 therein.
    Keywords: AC3; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; Arctic Ocean; ATWAICE; Comment; DATE/TIME; Density, ice; DEPTH, ice/snow; dielectric permittivity; Event label; Fram Strait; Hydra Probe; ICE; Ice floe description; Ice station; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; marginal ice zone; Permittivity, relative; Permittivity, relative, standard deviation; Polarstern; PS131; PS131_109-1; PS131_110-1; PS131_47-1; PS131_49-1; PS131_70-1; PS131_89-1; PS131_92-1; PS131_93-1; Sea ice salinity; Site; Surface samples; Temperature, ice/snow
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 375 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: Ice core samples were obtained with a 9 cm Kovacs corer during the Polarstern cruise PS131 on ice stations between mid-July and 6th of August 2022 in the marginal ice zone in the Fram Strait and at two ice stations on fast ice (Greenland). This dataset contains temperature profiles obtained by drilling holes in 4 cm intervals (for the upper 40cm) and 10 cm intervals for the rest and inserting a waterproof thermometer with a needle probe. For most of the samples, the whole ice layer was sampled, but for some, only the upper 40 cm were measured. However, the measured total ice thickness is included in the dataset. For more information of these measurements the user is referred to Chapter 8 of the cruise report.
    Keywords: AC3; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; Arctic Ocean; ATWAICE; Comment; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, ice/snow; Event label; Fram Strait; ICE; Ice floe description; Ice station; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; marginal ice zone; Polarstern; PS131; PS131_109-1; PS131_110-1; PS131_47-1; PS131_48-1; PS131_49-1; PS131_67-1; PS131_68-1; PS131_70-1; PS131_84-1; PS131_89-1; PS131_92-1; PS131_93-1; Sea ice thickness; Site; Temperature, ice/snow; temperature profile
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1764 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: During the Polarstern cruise PS131 in July and August 2022 in the marginal ice zone in the Fram Strait and at two ice stations on fast ice (Greenland), ice core samples were obtained with a 9 cm Kovacs corer on ice stations. This dataset contains vertical density and salinity profiles obtained by cutting the core in 4 cm intervals (for the upper 40cm) and 10 cm intervals for the remaining part. The samples were weighted on the ice. Together with the known volume densities can be calculated for each sample. They were then taken to the ship for later salinity measurements (Greisinger G1410 salinometer). For most of the samples, the whole ice layer was sampled, but for some, only the upper 40 cm were measured. However, the measured total ice thickness is included in the dataset. For more information of these measurements the user is referred to Chapter 8 of the cruise report.
    Keywords: AC3; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; Arctic Ocean; ATWAICE; Comment; DATE/TIME; Density, ice; density profile; DEPTH, ice/snow; Event label; Fram Strait; ICE; Ice floe description; Ice station; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; marginal ice zone; Polarstern; PS131; PS131_109-1; PS131_110-1; PS131_47-1; PS131_48-1; PS131_49-1; PS131_67-1; PS131_68-1; PS131_70-1; PS131_84-1; PS131_89-1; PS131_92-1; PS131_93-1; salinity profile; sea ice core; Sea ice salinity; Sea ice thickness; Site
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2181 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: This dataset contains measurements of dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss of the surface layer by impedance measurements at 50 MHz on several ice stations during the Polarstern cruise PS131 in the marginal ice zone in the Fram Strait between mid-July and 6th of August 2022. Measurements were performed using the Stevens Water Monitoring Systems Hydra Probe Sensor. Samples were mainly obtained by vertically inserting the probe tines of the device into the surface scattering layer on top of the sea ice and collecting data in one-minute intervals for several minutes. The cylindrical measurement region of the sensor has a length of 5.7 cm and a diameter of 3 cm, i.e., the upper 5.7 cm of the surface are measured. In the few cases of horizontal placement, the upper 3 cm are thus measured (if not indicated otherwise in the column Comment of the dataset). The dataset contains both mean and standard deviation of each placement. The dataset also contains temperature (measured in the center between surface and visually determined interface of surface layer and ice), salinity (by taking samples of the upper few cm of the surface layer) and density measurements (of the upper 3 cm of the surface layer), all independent of the Hydra Probe device. For more information of these measurements the user is referred to Chapter 8 of the cruise report. The columns "Site" and "Floe" refer to the nomenclature used in that cruise report with the sites being relative positions on the floes as shown in Figure 3.2.3 therein.
    Keywords: AC3; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; Arctic Ocean; ATWAICE; Comment; DATE/TIME; Density, snow; dielectric permittivity; Event label; Fram Strait; Hydra Probe; ICE; Ice floe description; Ice station; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; marginal ice zone; Permittivity, relative; Permittivity, relative, standard deviation; Polarstern; PS131; PS131_109-1; PS131_110-1; PS131_47-1; PS131_49-1; PS131_68-1; PS131_70-1; PS131_89-1; PS131_92-1; PS131_93-1; Site; Snow salinity; Surface samples; Temperature, ice/snow
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 727 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Measurements of transmitted irradiance under sea ice and corresponding incident solar radiation at the surface have been performed during the Polarstern expedition PS131, ATWAICE. During this expedition, three major ice floes were revisited to repeat measurements with a time gap of approximately one week and thereby analyze temporal development. Additionally, measurements on another ice floe were repeated 8 times within one day to observe the daily cycle of incoming and transmitted irradiance. All observations took place in the Fram Strait, north of Svalbard, between July 13 and August 6, 2022. The radiation measurements have been performed with Ramses spectral radiometers (TriOS, Rastede, Germany) in the wavelength range 316 to 952 nm. The incoming irradiance sensor was installed at approximately 1 m above the sea ice surface. The transmittance sensor was lowered through a hole (diameter about 10 cm) into the water down to 40 to 50 m depth. There are three datasets, two of them contain the raw data of the incoming and transmittance sensors. The third file contains temporally interpolated data (to 1s) of integrated intensity of both sensors and an estimation of the transmittance which is the ratio of the incoming and the transmitted irradiance. All times are given in UTC. The "incoming" dataset contains the date and time as index, the integration time of the sensor in ms and the measured intensity per channel in mW/m²/nm. The "transmitted" dataset contains the same information for the sensor in the water complemented with the sensor depth in meters and its inclination in two directions in degree (°). The "interpolated" dataset contains again the date and time, sensor depth and inclination information, and the integration times of the two sensors complemented with the integrated intensity measured by the two sensors in W/m² and their ratio which is the transmittance in percent (%). Additionally included, are plots of the sensor depth-transmittance relation for all 19 observations and the ice thickness and ice draft measured at the measurement site. Two figures show the measurement setup.
    Keywords: AC3; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; Sea ice; transmittance
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Keywords: AC3; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; Arctic Ocean; ATWAICE; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Event label; ICE; Ice station; Microstructure Profiler; MSSP; ORDINAL NUMBER; Polarstern; PS131; PS131_109-1; PS131_47-1; PS131_48-1; PS131_49-1; PS131_67-1; PS131_68-1; PS131_69-1; PS131_84-1; PS131_89-1; Sample code/label; Sea ice; Sensor inclination, X; Sensor inclination, Y; Sensor integration time; Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation; Short-wave transmittance; transmittance; Transmittance; UIB_VMP500_SN420
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 38424 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Keywords: AC3; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; Arctic Ocean; ATWAICE; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Event label; ICE; Ice station; Microstructure Profiler; MSSP; ORDINAL NUMBER; Polarstern; PS131; PS131_109-1; PS131_47-1; PS131_48-1; PS131_49-1; PS131_67-1; PS131_68-1; PS131_69-1; PS131_84-1; PS131_89-1; Sample code/label; Sea ice; Sensor inclination, X; Sensor inclination, Y; Sensor integration time; Short-wave transmittance; Spectral irradiance, downward at 316.92 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 320.23 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 323.54 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 326.84 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 330.15 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 333.46 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 336.77 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 340.09 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 343.4 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 346.71 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 350.03 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 353.34 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 356.66 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 359.98 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 363.29 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 366.61 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 369.93 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 373.26 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 376.58 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 379.9 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 383.22 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 386.55 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 389.87 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 393.2 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 396.53 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 399.85 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 403.18 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 406.51 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 409.84 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 413.17 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 416.5 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 419.83 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 423.16 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 426.5 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 429.83 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 433.16 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 436.5 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 439.83 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 443.17 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 446.51 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 449.84 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 453.18 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 456.52 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 459.86 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 463.2 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 466.53 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 469.87 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 473.21 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 476.56 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 479.9 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 483.24 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 486.58 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 489.92 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 493.26 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 496.61 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 499.95 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 503.29 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 506.64 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 509.98 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 513.32 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 516.67 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 520.01 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 523.36 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 526.7 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 530.05 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 533.39 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 536.74 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 540.09 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 543.43 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 546.78 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 550.12 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 553.47 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 556.82 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 560.16 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 563.51 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 566.86 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 570.2 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 573.55 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 576.9 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 580.24 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 583.59 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 586.93 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 590.28 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 593.63 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 596.97 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 600.32 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 603.66 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 607.01 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 610.36 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 613.7 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 617.05 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 620.39 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 623.74 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 627.08 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 630.43 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 633.77 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 637.11 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 640.46 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 643.8 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 647.14 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 650.49 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 653.83 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 657.17 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 660.51 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 663.85 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 667.19 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 670.53 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 673.87 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 677.21 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 680.55 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 683.89 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 687.23 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 690.57 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 693.9 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 697.24 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 700.58 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 703.91 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 707.25 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 710.58 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 713.91 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 717.25 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 720.58 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 723.91 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 727.24 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 730.57 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 733.9 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 737.23 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 740.56 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 743.89 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 747.22 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 750.54 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 753.87 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 757.19 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 760.52 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 763.84 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 767.16 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 770.48 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 773.8 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 777.12 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 780.44 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 783.76 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 787.08 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 790.39 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 793.71 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 797.02 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 800.34 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 803.65 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 806.96 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 810.27 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 813.58 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 816.89 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 820.19 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 823.5 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 826.8 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 830.11 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 833.41 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 836.71 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 840.01 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 843.31 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 846.61 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 849.91 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 853.2 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 856.5 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 859.79 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 863.08 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 866.38 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 869.67 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 872.95 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 876.24 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 879.53 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 882.81 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 886.09 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 889.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1426477 data points
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