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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-10-12
    Description: Gelatinous and soft-bodied zooplankton (GZ) have long been considered to have low energetic value and are insufficient to sustain higher trophic levels. However, the nutritional composition of GZ is often poorly known for entire groups, ignoring species-, size- and stage-specific differences. Organic matter and elemental composition (carbon and nitrogen) were measured for more than 1000 specimens from 34 GZ species collected in the Northeast Pacific between 2014-2020 using a variety of nets (CanTrawl250, Bongo net, Juday net, Multinet Medi, Dip net, Midwater trawl, Neuston net). Size-dependent variability was shown for several species. Differences in organic content and elemental composition by development stage were observed in a salp and scyphomedusa species, highlighting the need to consider life cycle stages separately.
    Keywords: Ash free dry mass; Ash mass; Ash mass per individual; Biomass, ash free dry mass; Biomass, ash free dry mass per individual; Calculated; Carbon, total; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbon and nitrogen and sulfur (CNS) isotope element analyzer, Elementar, Vario Micro Cube; Ctenophores; DEPTH, water; Doliolids; Dry mass per individual; Duration; Edwards Modulyo Freeze Dryer (Oakville, Ontario, CA); Gastropods; Identification; Jellyfish; LATITUDE; Life stage; LONGITUDE; Measured using callipers; Muffel furnace, 500 °C, LOI; Nitrogen, total; Number of individuals; Parameter; Salish Sea; salps; Sample type; Size; Species; Station label; Tissue, dry mass; VID; Visual identification; Weighted; Wet mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8823 data points
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Climate change and anthropogenic disturbances, among other factors, can change the seawater stoichiometry (C/N/P) and consequently elemental ratios of phytoplankton. This change in prey stoichiometry may not be tolerated by all grazer/predator species. Gelatinous and soft-bodied zooplankton (GZ) are suggested to be more resilient to such changes. We sampled GZ species (12 taxa in total) in the Northeast Pacific off British Columbia (Canada), determined their phosphorus (P) content and elemental ratios (C/P, N/P), and analysed intraspecific variability associated with size and ontogeny. P was determined as orthophosphate after acidic oxidative hydrolysis with 5 % H2SO4 according to Grasshoff et al. (1999). Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) data were taken from Lüskow et al. (2021). P % DW (dry weight) decreased with size for Aequorea sp., Aurelia labiata, Cyanea capillata, and Salpa aspera (species with sufficient sample sizes). P % DW differed significantly for two development stages of the salp S. aspera. C/P and N/P were mostly size- and stage-independent. C/P values of GZ were generally higher than values of crustacean zooplankton.
    Keywords: 11_Midwater_trawl; 24_Bongo_net; 26_Midwater_trawl; 29_Midwater_trawl; 33_Midwater_trawl; 38_Midwater_trawl; 43_Midwater_trawl; 58_Midwater_trawl; 7_Dip_net; 7_Midwater_trawl; BA03_CanTrawl250; BA04_CanTrawl250; BONGO; Bongo net; Calculated; Carbon/Phosphorus ratio; CPE1_Dip_net; CS02_CanTrawl250; CS09_CanTrawl250; CS13_CanTrawl250; CS15_CanTrawl250; CS18_CanTrawl250; Ctenophore; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Duration; Edwards Modulyo Freeze Dryer (Oakville, Ontario, CA); EP02_CanTrawl250; Event label; Gear; H02_CanTrawl250; Hand net; Heteropod; HN; Hope_Island_Dip_net; I_Midwater_trawl; IBC01_CanTrawl250; IBC03_CanTrawl250; IBC10_CanTrawl250; Identification; IVI10_CanTrawl250; IVI15_CanTrawl250; Jellyfish; JF03_CanTrawl250; Latitude of event; Life stage; LJS07_CanTrawl250; Location; Longitude of event; Measured using callipers; Methods of Seawater Analysis, Third Edition (Grasshoff et al., 1999); Midwater trawl; Month; MSN; Multiple opening/closing net; MWT; Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio; Northeast Pacific; P12_Multinet_Medi; P26_Ring_net; Parameter; Phosphorus, total; QCSD01_CanTrawl250; QCSD02_CanTrawl250; QCSD04_CanTrawl250; QCST02_CanTrawl250; QCST05_CanTrawl250; QCST07_CanTrawl250; QCST11_CanTrawl250; QCST12_CanTrawl250; QCST19_CanTrawl250; RI01_CanTrawl250; RI05_CanTrawl250; Ring net; RN; Salish Sea; Salp; Sample type; Size; Sooke_Bay_Dip_net; Species; Station label; stoichiometry; Subarctic Northeast Pacific; T01_CanTrawl250; T02_CanTrawl250; T04_CanTrawl250; T06_CanTrawl250; T07_Dip_net; Tissue, dry mass; Vessel; VI_north_tip_Dip_net; VI02_CanTrawl250; VI03_CanTrawl250; VI04_CanTrawl250; VI07_CanTrawl250; VI08_CanTrawl250; VI09_CanTrawl250; VI12_CanTrawl250; VI14_CanTrawl250; VI22_CanTrawl250; VI25_Bongo_net; Weighted; Wet mass; Year of observation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1583 data points
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-08-25
    Description: Climate change has significant implications for biodiversity and ecosystems. With slow progress towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions, climate engineering (or ‘geoengineering’) is receiving increasing attention for its potential to limit anthropogenic climate change and its damaging effects. Proposed techniques, such as ocean fertilization for carbon dioxide removal or stratospheric sulfate injections to reduce incoming solar radiation, would significantly alter atmospheric, terrestrial and marine environments, yet potential side-effects of their implementation for ecosystems and biodiversity have received little attention. A literature review was carried out to identify details of the potential ecological effects of climate engineering techniques. A group of biodiversity and environmental change researchers then employed a modified Delphi expert consultation technique to evaluate this evidence and prioritize the effects based on the relative importance of, and scientific understanding about, their biodiversity and ecosystem consequences. The key issues and knowledge gaps are used to shape a discussion of the biodiversity and ecosystem implications of climate engineering, including novel climatic conditions, alterations to marine systems and substantial terrestrial habitat change. This review highlights several current research priorities in which the climate engineering context is crucial to consider, as well as identifying some novel topics for ecological investigation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15035 | 403 | 2014-05-27 14:07:04 | 15035 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Larval development of the sidestriped shrimp (Pandalopsis dispar) is described from larvae reared in the laboratory. The species has five zoeal stages and one postlarval stage. Complete larval morphological characteristics of the species are described and compared with those of related species of the genus. The number of setae on the margin of the telson in the first and second stages is variable: 11+12, 12+12, or 11+11. Of these, 11+12 pairs are most common. The present study confirms that what was termed the fifth stage in the original study done by Berkeley in 1930 was the sixth stage and that the fifth stage in the Berkeley’s study is comparable to the sixth stage that is described in the present study. The sixth stage has a segmented inner flagellum of the antennule and fully developed pleopods with setae. The ability to distinguish larval stages of P. dispar from larval stages of other plankton can be important for studies of the effect of climate change on marine communities in the Northeast Pacific and for marine resource management strategies.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 118-126
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Fish and Fisheries 17 (2016): 1183–1193, doi:10.1111/faf.12110.
    Description: Global change is occurring now, often with consequences far beyond those anticipated. Although there is a wide range of assessment approaches available to address specific aspects of global change, there is currently no framework to identify what governance responses have worked and where, what has facilitated change, and what preventative options are possible. To respond to this need, we present an integrated assessment framework that builds on knowledge learned from past experience of responses to global change, to enable decision makers, researchers, managers and local stakeholders to: (1) make decisions efficiently; (2) triage and improve their responses; and (3) evaluate where to most effectively allocate resources to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience of coastal peoples. This integrated assessment framework, IMBER-ADApT is intended to enable and enhance decision making through the development a typology of case studies providing lessons on how the natural, social and governance systems respond to the challenges of global change. The typology is developed from a database of case studies detailing the systems affected by change, responses to change and, critically, an appraisal of these responses, generating knowledge-based solutions that can be applied to other comparable situations. Fisheries, which suffer from multiple pressures, are the current focus of the proposed framework, but it could be applied to a wide range of global change issues. IMBER-ADApT has the potential to contribute to timely, cost-effective policy and governing decision making and responses. It offers cross-scale learning to help ameliorate, and eventually prevent, loss of livelihoods, food sources and habitat.
    Keywords: Appraisal ; Fisheries ; Global change ; IMBER-ADApT ; Interactive governance ; Response ; Systems approach
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 18 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Diets of fin (Balaenoptera physalus), sei (Balaenoptera borealis), and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) were estimated from the stomach contents of individuals killed along the British Columbia coast from 1963 to 1967. The dominant prey types of fin whales were euphausiids, with minor contributions from copepods and fish. Sei whale stomachs contained primarily copepods in three years, whereas euphausiids or a variety of fish dominated the diet in the other two years. Sperm whales consumed primarily North Pacific giant squid (Moroteuthis robusta), but secondary prey differed between males and females. Female sperm whales frequently consumed ragfish (Icosteus spp.) and other fish, whereas the male diet also contained rockfish (Sebastes spp.). The high abundance of euphausiids along the British Columbia coast likely contributed to the presence of a summer resident population of fin whales. The high abundance of large copepods farther north probably influenced the migration of sei whales through the offshore waters of British Columbia. Sperm whale stomach contents differed by sex reflecting location and possibly breeding behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reviews in fish biology and fisheries 9 (1999), S. 125-150 
    ISSN: 1573-5184
    Keywords: effort regulation ; marine reserves ; precautionary approach ; sea cucumber ; spatial pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A framework is developed for the provision of scientific advice to support the management of new and developing marine invertebrate fisheries. These fisheries often occur on species for which little biological or exploitation information is available. The framework explicitly endorses the precautionary approach to fisheries management and research. Three general management strategies (size/sex limits, regulation by total allowable catch, control of the exploitation rate) and their needs for supporting scientific information are identified. The significance of spatial pattern, and of recognizing the need for different approaches to obtain scientific information and to manage sedentary benthic and mobile pelagic species, is a central theme. Three 'phases' are proposed to obtain the necessary scientific information: (a) Phase 0, 'collecting existing information', consisting of syntheses of available biological and fisheries information on the target (and similar) species, leading to formulation of potential management strategies; (b) Phase 1, 'collecting new information', to obtain the essential information that is lacking or insufficient from the Phase 0 analysis, and to evaluate alternative management strategies and propose regulatory actions; and (c) Phase 2, 'fishing for commerce', to implement the chosen management actions and to monitor fishing operations, so as to increase the information base available to refine the results from previous phases. Phase 1 activities may consist of surveys, site-specific depletion experiments and studies to obtain biological information, and development of experimental management areas to test different exploitation rates. A strategy that includes establishing reserve areas recognises the inherent uncertainties associated with developing fisheries and provides a buffer against mistakes or 'surprises'; it also provides control areas to compare stock productivity in fished and unfished locations. The application of this framework to a developing sea cucumber fishery in British Columbia is presented as an example. Throughout, strong interaction and collaboration among science, management, and stakeholders is crucial to the provision of scientific advice for precautionary management of new invertebrate fisheries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 17 (1991), S. 227-245 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans conducts annual bottom trawl surveys to monitor changes in the abundance of the major commercially important groundfish populations. Some of these surveys have been in operation for almost 20 yr. The estimates from these surveys often indicate rapid changes in abundance over time beyond that expected from the population dynamics of the fish. Much of this interannual change has been interpreted as variation, the magnitude of which has often made it difficult to measure anything but the most severe effects of fishing, pollution or any other intervention on the population. Recent studies have shown that some of this variation may be attributed to changes in catchability of fish due to the effects of environmental variables on fish distribution. Annual changes in abundance as estimated from such field surveys may be confounded by changes in catchability due to annual changes in environmental conditions. In this study, trawl catches of age 4 Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from surveys conducted during March 1979–1988 were compared with concurrent measurements of bottom salinity, temperature and depth. Large catches of age 4 cod are more likely to occur in water characterized as the intermediate cold layer defined by salinities of 32–33.5 and temperatures〈5°C. This relationship also appears to be modified by depth. We further show that internnual changes in the estimated abundance from the surveys were, in a number of cases, coincident with changes in the proportion of the bottom water composed of the intermediate cold water layer. The implications that these patterns may have on interpreting trends in the estimates of abundance from trawl surveys are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2010-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0079-6611
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-4472
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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