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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A possible nitrogen crisis for Archaean life due to reduced nitrogen fixation by lightning (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 412 (2001), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nitrogen is an essential element for life and is often the limiting nutrient for terrestrial ecosystems. As most nitrogen is locked in the kinetically stable form, N2, in the Earth's atmosphere, processes that can fix N2 into biologically available forms—such as ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35083537
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dust in the universe: Implications for terrestrial prebiotic chemistry (1995)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 25 (1995), S. 457-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the present review we analyze the available literature on the distribution of dust in the Universe, methods of its observation and determination of the chemical composition, and the roles for terrestrial prebiotic chemistry. The most plausible natural sources of dust on the Earth in the prebiotic era are sedimentation of interplanetary dust, meteoritic and cometary impacts, volcanic eruptions, and soil microparticulates; the interplanetary medium being among the most powerful supplier of the dust matter. Two fundamental roles of dust particles for the origins of life are considered: (1) catalytic formation of prebiotic compounds; and (2) delivery of organic matter to the Earth by space dust particles. Due to the fact that there is only approximate information on the chemical composition and properties of interstellar, circumstellar, and major part of interplanetary dust, even the simulating experiments are difficult to perform. Until these gaps are filled, it seems reasonable to focus efforts of the scientists dealing with dust-driven catalytic formation of prebiotically important compounds on the volcanic and meteoritic/cometary impact environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581996
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospects of organic syntheses by volcanic lightning (1996)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 26 (1996), S. 223-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459724
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gaseous products formed by γ-irradiation of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (2000)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 45 (2000), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) was γ-irradiated under vacuum at doses from 125 to 1000 kGy. Gases formed were analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, and their radiation-chemical yields (G) were calculated. The total G value of gases was equal to 1.00 molec/100 eV, and main products of PC radiolysis were carbon monoxide and hydrogen, their G = 0.87 and 0.08, respectively. Traces of methane, carbon dioxide, acetaldehyde and acetone were detected at doses above 300 kGy. It has been found that acetaldehyde and acetone were produced practically by radiolysis of carbon monoxide - hydrogen mixture evolved from the irradiated PC. Mechanism of gaseous products formation by the PC irradiation has been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890070016
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the survivability of an enantiomeric excess of amino acids in comet nuclei during the decay of26Al and other radionuclides (1996)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 236 (1996), S. 49-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a computer model calculation for the racemization of a possible excess of amino acids in the icy fraction of comet nuclei bring about by ionizing radiation released during the decay of26Al,40K,235U,238U and232Th. The model takes into account a total of 110 chemical reactions, of which 91 are needed to explain the radiation chemical processing of the major constituents of comet nuclei (Navarro-Gonzálezet al., 1992) and 19 are necessary to simulate the radiolysis of glycine/alanine mixtures in aqueous solutions (Navarro-Gonzálezet al., 1994 and 1996). It is predicted that an enantiomeric excess of alanine would not be destroyed by radioracemization during the decay of embedded radionuclides. Nevertheless, this enantiomeric excess could be attenuated by the formation of racemic amino acids in the interior of comet nuclei as a result of the radiation-induced polymerization of HCN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644320
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dust particles in the atmospheres of terrestrial planets and their roles for prebiotic chemistry: An overview (1996)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 236 (1996), S. 61-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The available literature on sources, chemical composition, and importance of dust particles for the origins of life is analyzed. The most abundant sources of dust on the early terrestrial planets are sedimentation of interplanetary dust, meteoritic/cometary impacts, and volcanic eruptions. Interplanetary dust can originate directly from interstellar space, from evaporation of cometary bodies, from collisional destruction of asteroidal and meteoritic bodies, and nucleation in sunspots. Many rather complex organic species, including those of prebiotic interest, have been identified in the interstellar medium and cometary dust. Some of them are believed to formvia catalytic processes on the surfaces of dust particles. However, the mechanisms are not known, and even simulating experiments are difficult to perform due to insufficient knowledge of physical conditions in the space media and of chemical composition and properties of the dust. Besides the catalytic roles, cometary dust is believed to be the best delivery vehicle for organic matter of space origin to the atmospheres of terrestrial planets. Abundant sources of catalytically active fine dust can be volcanoes. Various organic and biological compounds have been found in terrestrial volcanic gases and ash, which are assumed to formvia the catalytic Fischer-Tropsch reactions. At present the eruptions on the Earth provide a unique opportunity to observein situ the formation of organic matter, and knowledge of the ash composition and local conditions allows to perform simulating experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644321
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Memoriam: Cyril Andrew Ponnamperuma, 1923–1994 (1998)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 28 (1998), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006532105251
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of Amino Acids when Volatilized in the Presence of Silica Gel and Pulverized Basaltic Lava (1998)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 28 (1998), S. 167-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the types of amino acid thermal transformations caused by silicate materials, we studied the volatilization products of Aib, L-Ala, L-Val and L-Leu under temperatures of up to 270 °C in the presence of silica gel as a model catalyst and pulverized basaltic lava samples. It was found that silica gel catalyzes nearly quantitative condensation of amino acids, where piperazinediones are the major products, whereas lava samples have much lower catalytic efficiency. In addition bicyclic and tricyclic amidines and several products of their subsequent thermal decomposition have been identified using the coupled technique of GC-FTIR-MS and HPLC-PB-MS, with auxiliary computer simulation of IR spectra and NMR spectroscopy. The decomposition is due to dehydrogenation, elimination of the alkyl substituents and dehydration as well as cleavage of the bicyclic ring system. The imidazole ring appears to be more resistant to thermal decomposition as compared to the pyperazine moiety, giving rise to the formation of different substituted imidazolones. The amidines were found to hydrolyze under treatment with concentrated HCl, releasing the starting amino acids and thus behaving as amino acid anhydrides. The thermal transformations cause significant racemization of amino acid residues. Based on our observations, the formation of amidine-type products is suggested to be rather common in the high-temperature experiments on amino acid condensation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006596111124
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental simulation of archean volcanic lightning: Power measurements (1996)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 26 (1996), S. 336-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459794
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of amino acids in hot environments containing silicate minerals (1996)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 26 (1996), S. 363-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459810
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