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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-03-08
    Beschreibung: TH17 cells (interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing helper T cells) are highly proinflammatory cells that are critical for clearing extracellular pathogens and for inducing multiple autoimmune diseases. IL-23 has a critical role in stabilizing and reinforcing the TH17 phenotype by increasing expression of IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) and endowing TH17 cells with pathogenic effector functions. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which IL-23 sustains the TH17 response and induces pathogenic effector functions has not been elucidated. Here we used transcriptional profiling of developing TH17 cells to construct a model of their signalling network and nominate major nodes that regulate TH17 development. We identified serum glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1), a serine/threonine kinase, as an essential node downstream of IL-23 signalling. SGK1 is critical for regulating IL-23R expression and stabilizing the TH17 cell phenotype by deactivation of mouse Foxo1, a direct repressor of IL-23R expression. SGK1 has been shown to govern Na(+) transport and salt (NaCl) homeostasis in other cells. We show here that a modest increase in salt concentration induces SGK1 expression, promotes IL-23R expression and enhances TH17 cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo, accelerating the development of autoimmunity. Loss of SGK1 abrogated Na(+)-mediated TH17 differentiation in an IL-23-dependent manner. These data demonstrate that SGK1 has a critical role in the induction of pathogenic TH17 cells and provide a molecular insight into a mechanism by which an environmental factor such as a high salt diet triggers TH17 development and promotes tissue inflammation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3637879/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3637879/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Chuan -- Yosef, Nir -- Thalhamer, Theresa -- Zhu, Chen -- Xiao, Sheng -- Kishi, Yasuhiro -- Regev, Aviv -- Kuchroo, Vijay K -- 1P01HG005062-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 1P50HG006193-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- AI045757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI073748/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DP1 CA174427/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD003958/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1-OD003958-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK090105/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01DK090105/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS030843/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS045937/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI045757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI073748/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030843/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS045937/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):513-7. doi: 10.1038/nature11984. Epub 2013 Mar 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23467085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically ; induced/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology ; Interleukin-17/biosynthesis/immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Phenotype ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin/biosynthesis/immunology ; Sodium Chloride/*pharmacology ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/pharmacology ; Th17 Cells/*drug effects/enzymology/immunology/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-12
    Beschreibung: High-throughput single-cell transcriptomics offers an unbiased approach for understanding the extent, basis and function of gene expression variation between seemingly identical cells. Here we sequence single-cell RNA-seq libraries prepared from over 1,700 primary mouse bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells spanning several experimental conditions. We find substantial variation between identically stimulated dendritic cells, in both the fraction of cells detectably expressing a given messenger RNA and the transcript's level within expressing cells. Distinct gene modules are characterized by different temporal heterogeneity profiles. In particular, a 'core' module of antiviral genes is expressed very early by a few 'precocious' cells in response to uniform stimulation with a pathogenic component, but is later activated in all cells. By stimulating cells individually in sealed microfluidic chambers, analysing dendritic cells from knockout mice, and modulating secretion and extracellular signalling, we show that this response is coordinated by interferon-mediated paracrine signalling from these precocious cells. Notably, preventing cell-to-cell communication also substantially reduces variability between cells in the expression of an early-induced 'peaked' inflammatory module, suggesting that paracrine signalling additionally represses part of the inflammatory program. Our study highlights the importance of cell-to-cell communication in controlling cellular heterogeneity and reveals general strategies that multicellular populations can use to establish complex dynamic responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193940/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193940/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shalek, Alex K -- Satija, Rahul -- Shuga, Joe -- Trombetta, John J -- Gennert, Dave -- Lu, Diana -- Chen, Peilin -- Gertner, Rona S -- Gaublomme, Jellert T -- Yosef, Nir -- Schwartz, Schraga -- Fowler, Brian -- Weaver, Suzanne -- Wang, Jing -- Wang, Xiaohui -- Ding, Ruihua -- Raychowdhury, Raktima -- Friedman, Nir -- Hacohen, Nir -- Park, Hongkun -- May, Andrew P -- Regev, Aviv -- 1F32HD075541-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 1P50HG006193-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5DP1OD003893-03/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 CA174427/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD003958-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD075541/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jun 19;510(7505):363-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13437. Epub 2014 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [4]. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2]. ; 1] Fluidigm Corporation, 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 100, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA [2]. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Fluidigm Corporation, 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 100, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases & Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24919153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, Viral/pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Communication ; Dendritic Cells/drug effects/*immunology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology ; Immunity/*genetics ; Interferon-beta/genetics ; Mice ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; *Paracrine Communication ; Principal Component Analysis ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics ; Single-Cell Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-03-08
    Beschreibung: There has been a marked increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases in the past half-century. Although the underlying genetic basis of this class of diseases has recently been elucidated, implicating predominantly immune-response genes, changes in environmental factors must ultimately be driving this increase. The newly identified population of interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4(+) helper T cells (TH17 cells) has a pivotal role in autoimmune diseases. Pathogenic IL-23-dependent TH17 cells have been shown to be critical for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis, and genetic risk factors associated with multiple sclerosis are related to the IL-23-TH17 pathway. However, little is known about the environmental factors that directly influence TH17 cells. Here we show that increased salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) concentrations found locally under physiological conditions in vivo markedly boost the induction of murine and human TH17 cells. High-salt conditions activate the p38/MAPK pathway involving nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5; also called TONEBP) and serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) during cytokine-induced TH17 polarization. Gene silencing or chemical inhibition of p38/MAPK, NFAT5 or SGK1 abrogates the high-salt-induced TH17 cell development. The TH17 cells generated under high-salt conditions display a highly pathogenic and stable phenotype characterized by the upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and IL-2. Moreover, mice fed with a high-salt diet develop a more severe form of EAE, in line with augmented central nervous system infiltrating and peripherally induced antigen-specific TH17 cells. Thus, increased dietary salt intake might represent an environmental risk factor for the development of autoimmune diseases through the induction of pathogenic TH17 cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746493/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746493/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kleinewietfeld, Markus -- Manzel, Arndt -- Titze, Jens -- Kvakan, Heda -- Yosef, Nir -- Linker, Ralf A -- Muller, Dominik N -- Hafler, David A -- NS2427/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI039671/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI045757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI091568/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS024247/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI102011/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI046130/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI070352/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):518-22. doi: 10.1038/nature11868. Epub 2013 Mar 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, 15 York Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. markus.kleinewietfeld@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23467095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/*chemically ; induced/*immunology/pathology ; Gene Silencing ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phenotype ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/*pharmacology ; Th17 Cells/*drug effects/*immunology/pathology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-05-21
    Beschreibung: Recent molecular studies have shown that, even when derived from a seemingly homogenous population, individual cells can exhibit substantial differences in gene expression, protein levels and phenotypic output, with important functional consequences. Existing studies of cellular heterogeneity, however, have typically measured only a few pre-selected RNAs or proteins simultaneously, because genomic profiling methods could not be applied to single cells until very recently. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate heterogeneity in the response of mouse bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to lipopolysaccharide. We find extensive, and previously unobserved, bimodal variation in messenger RNA abundance and splicing patterns, which we validate by RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization for select transcripts. In particular, hundreds of key immune genes are bimodally expressed across cells, surprisingly even for genes that are very highly expressed at the population average. Moreover, splicing patterns demonstrate previously unobserved levels of heterogeneity between cells. Some of the observed bimodality can be attributed to closely related, yet distinct, known maturity states of BMDCs; other portions reflect differences in the usage of key regulatory circuits. For example, we identify a module of 137 highly variable, yet co-regulated, antiviral response genes. Using cells from knockout mice, we show that variability in this module may be propagated through an interferon feedback circuit, involving the transcriptional regulators Stat2 and Irf7. Our study demonstrates the power and promise of single-cell genomics in uncovering functional diversity between cells and in deciphering cell states and circuits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683364/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683364/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shalek, Alex K -- Satija, Rahul -- Adiconis, Xian -- Gertner, Rona S -- Gaublomme, Jellert T -- Raychowdhury, Raktima -- Schwartz, Schraga -- Yosef, Nir -- Malboeuf, Christine -- Lu, Diana -- Trombetta, John J -- Gennert, Dave -- Gnirke, Andreas -- Goren, Alon -- Hacohen, Nir -- Levin, Joshua Z -- Park, Hongkun -- Regev, Aviv -- 1F32HD075541-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 1P50HG006193-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5DP1OD003893-03/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 CA174427/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP1 DA035083/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD003958/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD003958-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002230/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD075541/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 13;498(7453):236-40. doi: 10.1038/nature12172. Epub 2013 May 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23685454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/immunology/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 ; Interferons/immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Protein Isoforms/genetics ; RNA Splicing/*immunology ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; STAT2 Transcription Factor ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; *Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptome/*genetics ; Viruses/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-03-08
    Beschreibung: Despite their importance, the molecular circuits that control the differentiation of naive T cells remain largely unknown. Recent studies that reconstructed regulatory networks in mammalian cells have focused on short-term responses and relied on perturbation-based approaches that cannot be readily applied to primary T cells. Here we combine transcriptional profiling at high temporal resolution, novel computational algorithms, and innovative nanowire-based perturbation tools to systematically derive and experimentally validate a model of the dynamic regulatory network that controls the differentiation of mouse TH17 cells, a proinflammatory T-cell subset that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases. The TH17 transcriptional network consists of two self-reinforcing, but mutually antagonistic, modules, with 12 novel regulators, the coupled action of which may be essential for maintaining the balance between TH17 and other CD4(+) T-cell subsets. Our study identifies and validates 39 regulatory factors, embeds them within a comprehensive temporal network and reveals its organizational principles; it also highlights novel drug targets for controlling TH17 cell differentiation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3637864/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3637864/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yosef, Nir -- Shalek, Alex K -- Gaublomme, Jellert T -- Jin, Hulin -- Lee, Youjin -- Awasthi, Amit -- Wu, Chuan -- Karwacz, Katarzyna -- Xiao, Sheng -- Jorgolli, Marsela -- Gennert, David -- Satija, Rahul -- Shakya, Arvind -- Lu, Diana Y -- Trombetta, John J -- Pillai, Meenu R -- Ratcliffe, Peter J -- Coleman, Mathew L -- Bix, Mark -- Tantin, Dean -- Park, Hongkun -- Kuchroo, Vijay K -- Regev, Aviv -- 1P50HG006193-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5DP1OD003893-03/OD/NIH HHS/ -- AI073748/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD003893/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD003958/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD003958-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD075541/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK090105/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS 30843/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS045937/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI045757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI073748/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI100873/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030843/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS045937/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):461-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11981. Epub 2013 Mar 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23467089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, CD95/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Gene Regulatory Networks/*genetics ; Genome/genetics ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-2/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nanowires ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Silicon ; Th17 Cells/*cytology/immunology/*metabolism ; Time Factors ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 80 (1976), S. 253-255 
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 1244-1246 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] THE device Maya was built with the view of creating and investigating a plasma originating in the positive column of an arc discharge, during and subsequent to the rapid ejection of the discharge-tube walls. A suitable magnetic field would be applied to confine the exposed plasma and the neutral ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 11 (1971), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0022-4073
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 48 (1974), S. 413-414 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 33 (1970), S. 222-223 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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