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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: fish communities ; habitat ; numerical analysis ; management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study of fish communities was conducted in downstream sections of the Nottaway, Broadback and Rupert Rivers, northern Québec, in order to establish a relationship between communities and their habitat. The areas sampled are relatively homogenous and the number of species present is limited to 18, of which 11 are not abundant. Physical similarity between the 163 sampling stations is established using 5 characteristics observed in the field and is computed using a coefficient derived from the metric of Canberra. Six types of habitat are identified from the complete linkage clustering of the matrix of similarities between stations. Discriminant analysis of fish communities results in a prediction success of about 60% in classifying samples in their own habitat. This proposed numerical procedure may therefore be used as management tool. The community structure is interpreted in terms of the physical characteristics of the environment. Relative abundances of the 4 most discriminating species between habitats seem to be determined by water transparency, current speed and abundance of aquatic vegetation, these two last variables interacting in a complex fashion. Changes in community structure that arise because of predictable physical alterations to the environment may therefore be predicted only by relatively sophisticated numerical procedures, at least when the physical environment is relatively homogeneous and the species diversity low, as in northern rivers.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: leaf-conditioning ; microorganisms ; nitrogen ; carbon ; phosphorus ; Alnus rugosa ; Populus tremuloides ; Myrica gale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Myrica gale, Alnus rugosa and Populus tremuloides leaves were incubated ‘in situ’ in the oligotrophic acid waters of the Canadian Shield (James Bay, Quebec) in order to follow microorganic decomposition, respiration and chemical transformations. Respiratory activities in decomposing speckled alder and trembling aspen leaves were more important than that in sweet gale. In spite of low nutrient concentrations in the water, nitrogen concentration increased in the three species while phosphorus levels increased only in the speckled alder during decomposition.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: James Bay ; detrital processes ; leaf litter ; deposit feeders ; scrapers ; shredders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sweet gale (Myrica gale), speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaves were incubated in situ on artificial substrates in the oligotrophic acid waters of the Canadian Shield (James Bay, Quebec). Shredders preferentially chose leafy substrates when compared to leafless controls. The biomass and total number of the main colonizing invertebrates (Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera) were greater upon alder and aspen than upon sweet gale leaves, probably because of the latter's resistance to decomposition. This resistance results in a greater period of nutriment availability allowing a continuum in the use of alimentary resources by macroinvertebrates.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 144 (1987), S. 37-49 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: stream acidification ; aluminum ; macroinvertebrate communities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A three month experimental acidification was carried out on lotic bottom communities. Experiments were conducted under semi-natural conditions in plasticized wooden channels. Acidified communities (pH 4.0), with or without added aluminum, were compared with a reference community (pH 6.3–6.9). Added aluminum concentrations were respectively 0.2 and 0.4 mg 1−1 in experiments performed in 1982 and 1983. Water chemistry and taxonomic composition of the macroinvertebrate communities were monitored. Under acidified conditions, results were similar, with or without added aluminum. Mean abundances of all groups of organisms were lowered. Mayflies nearly completely disappeared from the acidified channels. The only organism not affected by the acidification was Microtendipes sp. Differences in the organism response were observed: Orthocladiinae (Rheocricotopus, Parametriocnemus, Corynoneura, Thienemanniella, Nanocladius, Cricotopus) and Ephemeroptera (Baetis, Habrophlebia, Habrophlebiodes, Paraleptophlebia, Ephemerella), especially early instars, were very sensitive to low pH, Chironomini and Tanypodinae were much less sensitive, while Tanytarsini were intermediate; Oligochaeta and Nematoda were difficult to classify, their response being different from one year to another. Organisms inhabiting the surface of artificial substrates disappeared very rapidly from the system, while those buried inside had a delayed reaction to acidification. Aluminum which was mainly in the monomeric form was not responsible for community modifications. Direct action of hydrogen ions through a physiological stress seems a more credible explanation. These results, induced by a continuous experimental acidification, suggest that if this small headwater stream undergoes acidification, the resulting invertebrate community will be very simplified, with only resistant species able to cope with the acid conditions.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 139 (1986), S. 109-117 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: acidification ; decomposition ; Alnus rugosa ; Myrica Gale ; bacterial activity ; macroinvertebrates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Decomposition of Alnus rugosa and Myrica Gale leaves immersed in artificial stream channels fed by a small headwater creek was followed over a three month period. At the end of experiment, remaining weights of both leaf types confined in litter bags were significantly higher after immersion in experimentally acidified water (pH 4.0) than when immersed in control water (pH 6.2–7.0). For both types of leaves and for all sampling times, there was generally no difference in the C:N ratios between leaves in acidified and those in control water. In control water, oxygen uptake by microorganism on A. rugosa leaves was significantly higher after 46 days of immersion, whereas differences between treatments appeared only after 69 days for M. Gale leaves. Transfer of A. rugosa leaves from acid to control water led to a rapid increase in microbial activity; this increased activity was reflected in a fast weight loss of the leaves. For both leaf types, total numbers of macroinvertebrates were usually higher in litter bags immersed in control water. Macroinvertebrates colonizing the litter bags were mainly collector-gatherers: Chironomidae were numerically dominant in control leaf packs whereas Oligochaeta dominated in acid leaf packs. Macroinvertebrate biomass in M. Gale litter was higher in control than in acidified water, which contrasted with macroinvertebrate biomass in A. rugosa leaf packs which was not significantly different between treatments. Macroinvertebrate contribution to the breakdown of leaf litter was thus considered less important than the microbial contribution. This study demonstrated that decomposition of leaf litter in acidic headwater streams can be seriously reduced, mainly as a result of a lower microbial activity.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 141 (1986), S. 237-248 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: acidification ; brook trout ; reproduction ; fecundity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A comparative study was carried out on two groups of lakes of different levels of acidity to determine whether acidity affects brook trout reproduction. The group of lakes showing signs of anthropogenic acidification, according to Henriksen's model and the bicarbonate/sulphate ratio, had a pH of 5.5 and lower. No signs of acidification were discernible for the second group, which had a pH of 6.4 and higher. The fish of the acid lakes showed an earlier seasonal maturation of their gonads. Moreover, their fecundity and condition factor were higher; this may be caused by reduced intraspecific competition due to the lower population density in these lakes. One possible explanation for the lower density in the acid lakes is recruitment failure caused by a toxic effect of low pH on fry. Although the observed trends may be related to various population characteristics and environmental factors, it seems likely that they are related to pH and would be evidence of ways in which fish populations maintain themselves at these levels of acidity.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 153 (1987), S. 139-148 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: acidification ; brook trout ; egg ; ova ; sperm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Afin d'étudier les effets de l'acidité lors de la fécondation chez l'Omble de fontaine, la motilité des spermatozoïdes, l'absorption d'eau par les oeufs et la survie de ceux-ci ont été déterminées à différents pH. Les poissons fournissant les gamètes utilisés pour ces tests provenaient de lacs acides ou non acides. Pour les valeurs de pH inférieures à 5,0, la proportion de spermatozoïdes motiles diminue rapidement et devient nulle à pH 3,0. A pH 4,0, cette proportion est plus élevée dans une solution d'acide sulfurique, qui est totalement dissocié, que dans une solution d'acide acétique, faiblement dissocié. Dans cette dernière, la quantité d'ions H+ neutralises par le sperme est environ cinq fois plus élevée que dans la solution d'acide sulfurique. La pression osmotique du milieu de fécondation ainsi que l'origine des géniteurs, provenant de lacs acides ou non, affectent également la résistance des spermatozoïdes. L'absorption d'eau par les oeufs est diminuée à pH 5,2 ou 4,5 selon l'origine des géniteurs. La survie des oeufs est peu affectée pour des pH de 4,5 et plus, mais est réduite à pH 4,0. L'ensemble des résultats permet d'avancer qu'un pH de 4,5 représente la limite inférieure compatible avec une bonne fécondation chez l'Omble de fontaine; cette limite semble cependant susceptible d'être modifiée par la présence d'acides faibles dans le milieu et par l'origine des géniteurs.
    Notes: Abstract Variations in acidity were shown to have pronounced effects on the gametes of Salvelinus fontinalis collected from populations living in acid or circum-neutral lakes. Spermatozoa motility was reduced at pH less than 5.0 and ceased at pH 3.0. Within this range, motility was greater in the presence of strongly dissociated acid (H2SO4) than in a weakly dissociated one (CH3COOH). In the latter solution, at pH 4, sperm neutralized 5 times as many H+ as in the former. Differences in spermatozoa motility were observed depending upon the origin of the gametes and the osmotic pressure of the medium. Egg survival was reduced at pH 4. Water absorption by eggs decreased below pH 5.2 or 4.5 for eggs collected from circumneutral or acid lakes, respectively. These results suggest that pH 4.5 represents the lower limit for successful fertilization of eggs of brook trout, the precise point depending upon the types of acid present and the origin of the parental stock.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 30 (1986), S. 673-679 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were carried out in plasticized wooden channels fed by a small creek in the Reserve des Laurentides, 80 km north of Quebec city. Channels were naturally colonized by invertebrates for 65 d before treatment. Treated channels were acidified in August with dilute H2SO4 only, or with acid plus a solution of Al sulfate (final concentration of 0.19 mg L−1). The control channel received creek water only (pH 6.3 to 6.9). The addition of Al had no effect on invertebrate density and biomass. After 73 d of acidification, invertebrate densities were only one third the number found in the control channel. Invertebrate hiomass was not different within channels, although biomass was generally higher in the two acidified channels. Difference in densities between acidified and non-acidified channels was attributed to lack of colonization and not to an increase in drift. Microtendipes, a large and resistant larva of Chironomidae constituted a large fraction of the hiomass, largely outweighing numerous very small larvae. Effects on the density were attributed to the direct effect of low pH and not to indirect action through food limitations.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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