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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    A unified theory of party competition : a cross-national analysis integrating spatial and behavioral factors (2005)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK D 029-17-90988
    Description / Table of Contents: This book integrates spatial and behavioral perspectives - in a word, those of the Rochester and Michigan schools - into a unified theory of voter choice and party strategy. The theory encompasses both policy and non-policy factors, effects of turnout, voter discounting of party promises, expectations of coalition governments, and party motivations based on policy as well as office. Optimal (Nash equilibrium) strategies are determined for alternative models for presidential elections in the US and France, and for parliamentary elections in Britain and Norway. These polities cover a wide range of electoral rules, number of major parties, and governmental structures. The analyses suggest that the more competitive parties generally take policy positions that come close to maximizing their electoral support, and that these vote-maximizing positions correlate strongly with the mean policy positions of their supporters
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xviii, 311 Seiten , Diagramme
    ISBN: 9780521836449
    DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511614453
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1. Modeling party competition ; 2. How voters decide: the components of the unified theory of voting ; 3. Linking voter choice to party strategies: illustrating the role of non-policy factors ; 4. Factors influencing the link between party strategy and the variables ; 5. Policy competition under the unified theory: empirical applications to the 1988 French Presidential Election ; 6. Policy competition under the unified voting model: empirical applications to the 1989 Norwegian parliamentary election ; 7. The threat of abstention: candidate strategies and policy representation in US presidential elections ; 8. Candidate strategies with voter abstention in US presidential elections: 1980, 1984, 1988, 1996, and 2000 ; 9. Policy competition in Britain: the 1997 general election ; 10. The consequences of voter projection: assimilation and contrast effects ; 11. Policy-seeking motivations of parties in two-party elections: theory ; 12. Policy-seeking motivations of parties in two-party elections: empirical analysis ; 13. Concluding remarks.
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
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    Chapter 15: Artificial intelligence and social memory: towards the cyborgian remembrance of an advancing mnemo-technic (2023)
    Edward Elgar Publishing | Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-11
    Description: In this chapter, I conceptually explore the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and social memory. I start by briefly outlining the idea of social memory and positioning AI systems as mnemonic technologies. Thereafter I discuss how memory has primarily been conflated with storage by AI researchers and developers before suggesting the alternative conflation of computation to remembrance to foster a more integrated and hybrid understanding of social memory in the AI era. Finally, after noting a predominantly instrumentalist concern with mnemonic technologies, and drawing on the works of Donna J. Haraway and Bernard Stiegler, I introduce the concepts of cyborgian remembrance and AI mnemotechnics to help grasp the complex relationship between AI and social memory. These concepts, I argue, can enable the decentering of human memory in ways that might better facilitate the critical analysis of the challenges and risks associated with AI’s increased influence on social memory matters.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Memory; Remembering; AI; Technology; Cyborg; Technics ; UYQ
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximality of certain algebrasH ∞ (dm) (1968)
    Springer
    Mathematische Zeitschrift 106 (1968), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1823
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01110274
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategic decisions under one-stage multi-candidate voting systems (1981)
    Springer
    Public choice 36 (1981), S. 115-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Conclusion We have seen that under the assumptions of this study the problem of maximizing a voter's total utility for a number of one-stage decision rules for multi-candidate elections may be specified as linear (or quadratic) programs. Potentially optimal strategies emerge as extreme points of the feasible region in the sense that no other strategies can be uniquely optimal. Categorical, approval, Borda, and z-score decision rules are all minimal in the sense that for each, the feasible region (with abstentions excepted) consists entirely of potentially uniquely optimal strategies. For each of these decision rules we have determined the optimal strategies explicitly in terms of the voter's utility function. Among the minimal voting systems studies, we argue that the voter's task of estimating his optimal strategy is least difficult under approval voting. Application of optimal strategies to the results of a thermometer scale survey suggest that the approval, Borda, and z-score decision rules can produce results very similar to one another but very different from that of categorical voting. Furthermore, for this survey, the former three systems were far less sensitive than categorical voting to the withdrawal of some of the candidates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163774
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A statistical model for Condorcet efficiency based on simulation under spatial model assumptions (1985)
    Springer
    Public choice 47 (1985), S. 389-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This essay evaluates six single-winner, multicandidate electoral systems with respect to their tendency to choose Condorcet candidates. To this end I calibrate a logistic multiple regression model from Monte Carlo simulations, based on a multivariate normal spatial model, in which I vary the number of candidates, number of dimensions, correlation structure, and relative dispersion of candidates and voters. I investigate additional spatial-model variations by comparing further simulation results with predictions of the basic statistical model. The results suggest that for many electoral systems, Condorcet efficiency would increase with perceptual uncertainty of candidates' positions and would be low in a polarized society. Of the voting systems studied, approval voting and the Coombs systems appear least sensitive to variations in assumptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00127534
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conceptualizing voter choice for directional and discounting models of two-candidate spatial competition in terms of shadow candidates (1998)
    Springer
    Public choice 95 (1998), S. 219-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In contrast to the traditional modeling of voter choice based on proximity, under directional models, selection of candidates is based on the direction and/or intensity of change from a status quo or neutral point. Voter choice can also be modeled as representing both approaches, e.g., as a directional model with proximity restraint, or alternatively, in terms of proximity to discounted positions. We provide a unified perspective for these seemingly disparate models in terms of what we call “shadow” positions. We demonstrate that voter choice in a variety of spatial models including directional components can be viewed as proximity-based choices. Voters choose the candidate whose shadow is nearer, where shadow locations are defined by a simple transformation. We apply this approach to equilibrium analysis, showing that results for a discounted proximity model can be carried over – via shadows – to a variety of directional models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004934108042
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voting behavior under the directional spatial model of electoral competition (1993)
    Springer
    Public choice 77 (1993), S. 739-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper contrasts voting behavior in multicandidate elections between the proximity and the directional spatial models of electoral competition. Under the traditionalproximity spatial model, a voter's utility for a candidate is a declining function of distance between their respective positions. Under thedirectional spatial model, introduced by Rabinowitz and Macdonald, utility is specified as the scalar product of the vectors representing voter and candidate. The present paper specifies and compares regions of candidate support for the two models and for several voting procedures. The degree to which each model and voting system favors extremist versus centrist candidates is assessed. It is shown that a pure directional model implies that candidates lying in the interior of the convex hull of the other candidates receive no support under the single-vote plurality procedure. A one-parameter family of mixed proximity and directional models may provide more plausible descriptions of voter behavior than either pure model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047992
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The responsiveness of approval voting: Comments on Saari and Van Newenhizen (1988)
    Springer
    Public choice 59 (1988), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Saari and Van Newenhizen (1987) misinterpret their findings about the indeterminacy of voting systems: far from being a vice, indeterminacy is a virtue in allowing voters to be more responsive to, and robbing them of the incentive to misrepresent, their preferences. The responsiveness of approval voting, in particular, means that the cardinal utilities that voters have for candidates can be reflected in voters' strategy choices, which ultimately translate into better social choices. Empirical data from a recent election support these claims, showing, among other things, that the Borda system, a determinate voting system favored by Saari and Van Newenhizen, is highly vulnerable to manipulation by strategic voters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054448
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nash equilibrium strategies in directional models of two- candidate spatial competition (1999)
    Springer
    Public choice 98 (1999), S. 369-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The standard approach to two-party political competition in a multi-dimensional issue space models voters as voting for the alternative that is located closest to their own most preferred location. Another approach to understanding voter choice is based on preferred direction of change with respect to some specified neutral point (e.g., an origin or status quo point). For the two-dimensional Matthews directional model (Matthews, 1979), we provide geometric conditions in terms of the number of medians through the neutral point for there to be a Condorcet (undominated) direction. In this two-dimensional setting, the set of residual locations for which no Condorcet directions exist is identical to the null dual set (Schofield, 1978) and to the heart (Schofield, 1993). In two dimensions, for most locations of the origin/status quo point, a Condorcet direction exists and points toward the yolk, a geometric construct first identified by McKelvey (1986). We also provide some simulation results on the size of the null dual set in two dimensions when the underlying distribution of points is non-symmetric.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018339426663
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Listing service (1982)
    Springer
    International journal of game theory 11 (1982), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1270
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01771248
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