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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cumulative interface roughness and magnetization in antiferromagnetically coupled NiCo/Cu multilayers : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7084-7086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cumulative interface roughness and its influence on the magnetization process in antiferromagnetically coupled (Ni80Co20/Cu)×N multilayers is studied. In these multilayers, Cu and Ni80Co20 thicknesses are fixed at 20 and 15 A(ring), respectively, in order to obtain the antiferromagnetic coupling at the second oscillation peak of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) versus Cu thickness. Low-angle x-ray reflectivity measurements show that cumulative interface roughness increases with increasing bilayer number N. In-plane magnetization hysteresis measured with both SQUID and surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) magnetometers are compared. When the cumulative interface roughness is significant, SMOKE hysteresis loops, which are sensitive to the top 5 or 6 magnetic layers, display a nonlinear plateau region at small fields. Comparison of low-angle x-ray, and SMOKE results show that interfaces of relatively high quality in top layers only exist for sputtered multilayer with N〈10.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358528
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of structure and magnetoresistance in granular Ni(Fe,Co)/Ag multilayers: Dependence on magnetic layer thickness : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conferenc (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6796-6798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Structural and magnetoresistance results on annealed sputtered (Ni81Fe19, Ni66Fe16Co18)/Ag granular multilayers are presented. Structural evolution has shown that highly (111) textured, discontinuous layered structures can persist on annealing up to 400 °C. The average magnetic particle size is controlled by the annealing temperature and the initial magnetic layer thickness. No giant magnetoresistance was observed in the as-deposited films, while significant MR was found after annealing between 300 °C and 400 °C. Magnetoresistance over 30%, together with a small saturation field, was found at 4.2 K for a starting magnetic thickness of 4 A(ring). Increasing the magnetic layer thickness to 20 A(ring) greatly improves the magnetic thermal stability, and leads to high magnetoresistive sensitivities of up to 0.35%/Oe in a field of 10 Oe at room temperature. The magnetization hysteresis, anisotropy, and magnetic interaction in such a granular multilayer are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358133
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet-infrared optical properties of highly (100)-oriented LaNiO3 thin films on Pt–Ti–SiO2–Si wafer (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 2699-2702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The optical constants of highly (100)-oriented LaNiO3 thin films on Pt(111)-Ti–SiO2–Si substrate derived by metalorganic deposition have been obtained using spectroscopic ellipsometry techniques in the wide wavelength range from ultraviolet to far infrared. In fitting the dielectric functions of LaNiO3, two harmonic oscillators are observed, one is believed to come from the valence–conduction interband transition and the other is attributed to the transition from a donor band to the conduction. Simultaneously the frequency of plasmon is also obtained, which results from the strong electron–electron interaction. Based on these optical and electrical properties, a promising application of LaNiO3 thin films in infrared microsensors has been proposed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1394903
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of highly (100) oriented Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3/LaNiO3 heterostructures prepared by chemical solution routes (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 4172-4174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly (100) oriented Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3/LaNiO3 heterostructures have been grown on Si(100) using chemical solution routes. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 thin films are high (100) orientation (α100=0.92). Atomic force microscopy investigation shows that they have large grains about 80–200 nm. A Pt/Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3/LaNiO3 capacitor has been fabricated and showed excellent ferroelectricity, the remnant polarization and coercive field are 10.8 μC/cm2 and 96 kV/cm, respectively. The electric field dependence of capacitance measurement shows that the capacitor has large capacitance tuning ([Cmax−Cmin]/Cmax×100%) of 63%. The Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 thin films have high dielectric constant (cursive-epsilon) of 200 at 1 MHz. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1381416
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared optical properties of LaNiO3–platinized silicon and PbZrχTi1−χO3–LaNiO3–platinized silicon heterostructures (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 793-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry, the optical constants of LaNiO3 thin films on Pt(111)–Ti–SiO2–Si substrates are obtained in the 2.5–12.6 μm range, in which the infrared optical constants decrease when the annealing temperature increases from 600 to 650 °C. At the same time, the infrared optical properties of PbZrχTi1−χO3(PZT) thin films with χ=0.3 and 0.5 on LaNiO3–Pt–Ti–SiO2–Si substrates are simultaneously studied with respect to annealing temperatures. The infrared optical properties are associated closely with the grain size and crystallographic orientation of the films induced by annealing temperature, combined by the particular substrate. For the Ni–PZT–LaNiO3–Pt multilayer heterostructures, the infrared absorptance better than 99% can be achieved for PZT pyroelectric thin film infrared microsensors. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1347403
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 heterostructures prepared by chemical solution routes on silicon with no fatigue polarization (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3476-3478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (PZT/LSCO) heterostructures have been grown directly on (100)Si by chemical solution routes. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis show that PZT and LSCO thin films are polycrystalline and entirely perovskite phase. PZT thin films grown on LSCO thin films showed no preferential orientation and excellent ferroelectricity. The remnant polarization Pr is about 22.8 μC/cm2 and the coercive field Ec is about 95 kV/cm at an applied electric field of 400 kV/cm. The ferroelectric capacitor has been fabricated and showed no polarization fatigue after 3×109 fatigue cycles. The Pt/PZT/LSCO capacitor is suitable for nonvolatile random access memory application. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1419234
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the interface capacitance for fatigued lead–zirconate–titanate capacitors (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2548-2550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: From the capacitance–voltage dependence of Pt/PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3/Pt capacitors, we mathematically separated the capacitance into two parts corresponding to two regions of the samples, the uniform electric-field region and the nonuniform region. They are correlated with the bulk ferroelectric film region and the Pt/PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3 Schottky barrier interface region, respectively. The calculations based on the in-series capacitor model show a slight decrease of dielectric permitivity for the fatigued bulk films. By assuming a much smaller dielectric permitivity of the interface region than that of bulk films, it was found that the interface capacitance decreased remarkably compared with that of the bulk ferroelectric film after fatigue. This decrease was attributed to the lowering of ferroelectricity in the interface layer, which suggests that the fatigue is mainly an interface state controlled process. The asymmetricity in the interface capacitance–voltage curve is attributed to the different defect concentration levels in the top and bottom interface regions. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1367301
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivar preference exhibited by two sympatric and genetically distinct populations of the soybean fungal pathogen Phialophora gregata f.sp. sojae (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Phialophora gregata f.sp. sojae, a soilborne vascular pathogen causing brown stem rot of soybean, has been divided into A and B populations based on variation in the intergenic spacer region of nuclear rDNA (rDNA marker). The A and B populations correlate with defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes, respectively. In this study, eight additional polymorphic anonymous marker loci (five inter simple sequence repeat loci and three long-primer random amplified polymorphic DNA loci) were identified and applied to a total of 189 isolates. Alleles of these eight loci were invariant within, but different between the A and B populations, providing further evidence that the rDNA marker identifies genetically distinct populations. The two populations were sympatric, residing not only in the same field, but also in the same plants under field conditions. Representative strains of the two populations, when used individually in inoculations, infected both resistant cv. Bell and susceptible cv. Sturdy. However, when the same representatives of the two populations were mixed in a 1 : 1 ratio and used as a mixed inoculum in a competitive bioassay, differential cultivar preference was revealed using PCR detection of populations in infected plants. Population A was detected significantly more often (18 out of 24 plants) in the susceptible cv. Sturdy, whereas population B was detected significantly more often (17 out of 24 plants) in the resistant cv. Bell, corroborating earlier field studies. This is the first controlled experiment to demonstrate a differential host preference of P. gregata f.sp. sojae toward different cultivars of the same host species. Unification of terminologies used in P. gregata f.sp. sojae is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01162.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection of crayfish, Cambarus clarkii, from white spot syndrome virus by polyclonal antibodies against a viral envelope fusion protein (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus, causing considerable mortality in penaeid shrimp and other crustaceans. WSSV produces five major structural proteins, including two major envelope proteins, VP28 and VP19. To produce VP28 and VP19 as a single protein for antibody production, DNA sequences encoding both open reading frames were fused together and cloned into pET-22b(+) expression vector. The fusion protein, VP(19+28), was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified using Ni2+His affinity chromatography and injected into a rabbit. Antiserum collected from the immunized rabbit was tested in vivo for ability to protect crayfish, Cambarus clarkii, from disease caused by WSSV. Fifteen days after challenge with WSSV, treatment with VP(19+28) antiserum gave 100% protection against disease in the ambient temperature range of 15–22 °C and 65% protection at a constant temperature of 26 °C. These results demonstrated VP(19+28) antiserum is effective in protection of crayfish from WSSV and confirmed that VP19 and VP28 play an important role in WSSV host infection. Targeting both VP19 and VP28 may be effective for the design of both immunotherapeutic medicines and reagents to detect WSSV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00630.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion beam mixing and superconductivity of multilayered Nb/Al films
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 44 (1990), S. 392-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-583X(90)90655-E
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