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  • 1
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    Measurements of total scattering spectra from bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8941 | 403 | 2012-06-27 16:55:04 | 8941 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Marine sportfishing in southern California is a huge industry with annual revenues totaling many billions of dollars. However, the stocks of lingcod and six rockfish species have been declared overfished by the Pacific Fisheries Management Council. As part of a multifaceted fisheries management plan, marine conservation areas, covering many million square nautical miles, have beenmandated. To monitor the recovery of the rockfish stocks in these areas, scientists are faced with the followingchallenges: 1) multiple species of rockfish exist in these areas; 2) the species reside near or on the bottom at depths of 80 to 300 m; and 3) they are low in numerical density. To meet these challenges, multifrequencyechosounders, multibeam sonar, and cameras mounted on remotely operated vehicles are frequently used (Reynolds et al., 2001). The accuracy and precision of these echosounderresults are largely dependent upon the accuracy of the species classification and target strength estimation(MacLennan and Simmonds, 1992).
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 153-157
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  • 2
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    Generation of macro- and microplastic databases by high-throughput FTIR analysis with microplate readers (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Springer Nature, 416(6), pp. 1311-1320, ISSN: 1618-2642
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-04
    Description: FTIR spectral identification is today’s gold standard analytical procedure for plastic pollution material characterization. High-throughput FTIR techniques have been advanced for small microplastics (10–500 µm) but less so for large microplastics (500–5 mm) and macroplastics (〉 5 mm). These larger plastics are typically analyzed using ATR, which is highly manual and can sometimes destroy particles of interest. Furthermore, spectral libraries are often inadequate due to the limited variety of reference materials and spectral collection modes, resulting from expensive spectral data collection. We advance a new high-throughput technique to remedy these problems using FTIR microplate readers for measuring large particles (〉 500 µm). We created a new reference database of over 6000 spectra for transmission, ATR, and reflection spectral collection modes with over 600 plastic, organic, and mineral reference materials relevant to plastic pollution research. We also streamline future analysis in microplate readers by creating a new particle holder for transmission measurements using off-the-shelf parts and fabricating a nonplastic 96-well microplate for storing particles. We determined that particles should be presented to microplate readers as thin as possible due to thick particles causing poor-quality spectra and identifications. We validated the new database using Open Specy and demonstrated that additional transmission and reflection spectra reference data were needed in spectral libraries.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Intrusion-generated waves in a linearly stratified fluid (2014)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-04
    Description: We present an experimental and numerical study of the upstream internal wavefield in a channel generated by constant density intrusions propagating into a linearly stratified ambient fluid during the initial phase of translation. Using synthetic schlieren imaging and two-dimensional direct numerical simulations, we quantify this wave motion within the ambient stratified fluid ahead of the advancing front. We show that the height of the neutral buoyancy surface in the ambient fluid determines the vertical modal response with the predominant waves being mode 2 for intrusions near the mid-depth of the channel and mode 1 waves being produced by intrusions nearer the top or bottom of the domain. All higher vertical modes travel slower than the intrusion and so do not appear upstream ahead of the intrusion front. We find the energy flux into this upstream wavefield to be approximately constant, and to be between 10 and 30 % of the rate of available potential energy transfer into the flow. © 2014 Cambridge University Press.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 4
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    Intrusive gravity currents between two stably stratified fluids (2010)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-18
    Description: We present an experimental and numerical study of one stratified fluid propagating into another. The two fluids are initially at rest in a horizontal channel and are separated by a vertical gate which is removed to start the flow. We consider the case in which the two fluids have the same mean densities but have different, constant, non-zero buoyancy frequencies. In this case the fluid with the smaller buoyancy frequency flows into the other fluid along the mid-depth of the channel in the form of an intrusion and two counter-flowing gravity currents of the fluid with the larger buoyancy frequency flow along the top and bottom boundaries of the channel. Working from the available potential energy of the system and measurements of the intrusion thickness, we develop an energy model to describe the speed of the intrusion in terms of the ratio of the two buoyancy frequencies. We examine the role of the stratification within the intrusion and the two gravity currents, and show that this stratification plays an important role in the internal structure of the flow, but has only a secondary effect on the speeds of the exchange flows. © 2010 Cambridge University Press.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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