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  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The results of a recent geological-geophysical survey, conducted off Guinea, are combined with previous data to establish a preliminary stratigraphy and provide a structural sketch of this portion of the West African continental margin. Three sectors are distinguished: A northwestern portion of the margin comprises a wide and deeply submerged plateau — the Guinean Marginal Plateau underlain by a thick sedimentary sequence and facing westward toward the Gambia Abyssal Plain. Scismic stratigraphy and structures show clear analogies to the Jurassic margins of the central Atlantic. Including the presence of a Cretaceous paleoslope covered by Cenozoic deposits. A southern area of the margin comprises a series of aligned (W-E trending), acoustic basement features extending along the slope and bounding the Guinean Plateau to the south. These features, basement ridges and volcanic piles are related to a fracture zone system also documented by magnetic anomalies and gravity data. The bordering deep Sierra Leone abyssal plain, also dissected by E-W-trending oceanic fracture zones, contains a sedimentary cover apparently not older than middle Cretaceous. Between both sectors and between two NW-SE trending scarps lies an intermediate area. The seismic profiles show that here, the margin is dissected by faults creating a series of asymmetric horst and graben features progressively narrowing towards the S-E and covered by untectonized (but partly eroded) Upper Cretaceous to Cenozoic sediments. The overall structure of the Guinean Margin is interpreted as the result of two major events. During a first phase the margin was created at the southern extremity of the central Jurassic Atlantic and developed like other comparable margins. During a s econd phase (beginning in Early Cretaceous times) the margin was progressively submitted to the opening of the equatorial South Atlantic. This process gave rise to the margin of the southern Guinean plateau (locally injected by volcanics) and generated the tectonic features of the intermediate zone. This protion may thus represent a part of the rifted Jurassic margin discordantly dissected by the oblique opening of the south Atlantic in the area. The oceanic crust of the central and south Atlantic were definitively connected only during Late Albian times as indicated by the end of the tectonic activity and the early Upper Cretaceous unconformity.
    Abstract: Résumé Nous présentons et discutons les résultats d'une campagne de géologie et géophysique marines conduite en 1983 au large de la Guinée. Trois secteurs structuraux sont différenciés: la marge nord-occidentale de la Guinée appartient de toute évidence au domaine de l'Atlantique central, d'âge jurassique. la marge méridionale du plateau marginal de Guinée offre une série de reliefs de socle et d'édifices volcaniques, d'alignements général est-ouest. Elle correspond à une marge de type transformant. entre ces deux secteurs s'étend une région complexe, découpée au cours du Crétacé inférieur par un ensemble d'accidents distensifs. Cette tectonique est scéllée par les dépôts post-cénomaniens. Nous expliquons la structure globale de la région par la succession de deux épisodes majeurs: création de la marge guinéenne en relation avec le rifting et l'ouverture de l'Atlantique central au cours du jurassique. réactivation tectonique de la région et en particulier du secteur méridional de la marge par l'ouverture transformante de l'Océan Atlantique sud au cours du Crétacé inférieur. La marge de Guinée et son équivalent, la région du Démerara (au Nord du Brésil) ne se séparèrent définitivement qu'au cours de l'AIbien. C'est à partir de cette époque que les deux océans atlantiques, central et sud, d'âges différents, entrèrent en connection.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ergebnisse eines unlängst auf offener See vor Guinea durchgeführten geologischen und geophysikalischen Forschungsprojekts wurden mit bereits bekannten Daten kombiniert, um eine vorläufige Stratigraphie und ein Strukturschema dieses kontinentalen Randes von West Afrika zu erstellen. Es lassen sich drei Sektoren unterscheiden: Ein (nord)westlicher Sektor, der ein ausgedehntes, tief abgesenktes Plateau umfaßt, das Rand-Plateau von Guinea. Scine Stratigraphie und Strukturen weisen Ähnlichkeiten mit denjenigen des Jurassischen Randes des zentralen Atlantiks auf. Ein südlicher Sektor enthält eine Reihe von Sockelstrukturen, die sich entlang dem Hang aufreihen. Diese Strukturen stehen in Beziehung zu einer Bruchzone, die sich zudem durch magnetische und gravimetrische Anomalien auszeichnet. Zwischen diesen beiden Regionen erstreckt sich eine Zone, die zerschnitten ist durch ein System von asymmetrischen Horst- und Graben-Strukturen, das nach SE hin schmaler wird. Die generelle Struktur des Randes von Guinea resultiert aus zwei großen Phasen: Während einer ersten Periode erstreckte sich der Rand am Südende des Jurassischen Zentral-Atlantiks und entwickelte sich wie andere vergleichbare Ränder. In der zweiten Periode, die in der frühen Kreide begann, wurde der Rand durch die fortschreitende Öffnung des Äquatorial-Atlantiks reaktiviert. Der Zentral-Atlantik und der Süd-Atlantik verbanden sich erst ab der mittleren Kreidezeit, wie das Ende der tektonischen Aktivität und die Diskontinuität der oberen Kreide anzeigen.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 3 (1984), S. 9-12 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The geological structures of the eastern Calabrian Apenninic front within the Gulf of Taranto, southern Italy, are compared to those of a convergent margin, using simple criteria such as the origin and volume of the sediment supply, and the relative ratio between sediments carried by the sinking plate and those directly supplied by the overriding margin. Based on this criteria we distinguish four main types of sedimentary accretion occurring at convergent continental margins: (a) Pacific type, (b) Indonesian type, (c) Caribbean type, and (d) Apenninic type.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 5 (1985), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This discussion on a report by Mascle and Mascle provides some information on the structure of the Apenninic orogenic belt. A number of structural scenarios can be recognized in the Apenninic fold belt; chaotic, melange-like, thrusted sheets are or are not associated with deeper compressional structures affecting coherent stratigraphic sequences at least as old as Trias. Variations and combinations of these structural frames cannot be simply summarized by a scheme, but can be used as basic category in a comparison of ocean ic-subduction complexes.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The Côte d’Ivoire–Ghana transform margin is bounded to the south by a prominent marginal ridge. ODP Leg 159 shipboard analyses on sediments from four sites document three distinct transform margin sedimentary and tectonic stages of evolution: (1) an intracontinental stage of transform faulting recorded in deformed lacustrine to marine siliciclastic sequences; (2) a marginal ridge uplift stage, recorded by shallow water limestones, appears coeval with the passing of a hot, oceanic spreading center just south of the sediment wedge; and (3) cool ing subsidence of the transform margin recorded in bathyal to abyssal sediments emphasizes a passive margin stage. These results are consistent with previously published models of evolution.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 326 (1987), S. 378-381 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The interpretations presented here are based mainly on data collected during a survey run in 1983 off the Ivory Coast and Ghana13. About 3,300km of continuous geophysical profiles (3.5 kHz, magnetism and single channel seismic reflection) were obtained along the Ghanaian continental slope and over ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 293 (1981), S. 49-51 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Kinematic analysis3 predicts a compressive branch in the Ionian Sea and a transform branch in the Levantine Sea, south-east of Crete (Fig. 1). Thrust focal mechanisms of earthquakes2 and landward dipping reflectors in the inner slope of the Hellenic Trench5 are evidence for compression along parts ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 464-465 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Seismic profile across the Chain Fracture Zone south of Togo (location on Fig. 2). Note the difference in level of the acoustical basement under a thick sedimentary cover. The free air gravity anomaly is of the order of 40 mGal. The arrow indicates the theoretical location used for the ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 18 (1996), S. 401-427 
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: Vening Meinesz ; fracture zone ; tectonics ; strike-slip ; transform fault ; continental margin ; backarc ; spreading ; Reinga Ridge ; Norfolk Basin ; New Zealand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The northwestern continental margin of New Zealand offers one of the finest examples of a continent-backarc transform. This transform, part of the Vening Meinesz Fracture Zone (VMFZ), accommodated about 170 km of sea-floor spreading in the Norfolk backare basin together with eastward migration of a volcanic arc, the Three Kings Ridge, in the Mid- to Late Miocene. Before the onset of spreading, strain along the VMFZ may have been linked to a major Early Miocene obduction event — the emplacement of the Northland Allochthon. The transform is manifested by a belt up to 50 km wide of left-stepping, linear fault scarps up to 2000 m high within an approximately 100 km-wide deformed zone. A marginal ridge, the Reinga Ridge, which includes a faulted, folded and uplifted Miocene sedimentary basin, occurs within the high-standing continental side of the deformed zone, whereas a narrow strip of linear detached blocks occupies the deep backarc oceanic side. Prespreading uplift and erosion of crust in the proto-backarc region, are volcanism, and obduction of the allochthon, supplied clastic sediments to the basin on the continental side. This basin was complexly deformed as the transform evolved. The transform was initiated as a dextral strike-slip fault zone, which developed right-branching splays and left-steps along its length, uplifting and cutting the continental margin into left-hand, en echelon blocks and relays. Folds formed locally within relay blocks and at the distal ends of the splays. Only the high continental side of this zone (the Reinga Ridge) remains, the formerly adjacent crust (the Three Kings Ridge) having been displaced towards the southeast. As the Three Kings block moved and the Norfolk Basin opened, opposing rift margins of the backarc basin foundered to form terraces. The oceanic side of the transform also subsided to produce the belt of detached blocks (some laterally displaced by strike slip) and linear troughs along the main escarpment system.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2010-09-13
    Description: Regional multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) profiles across the Egyptian continental slope, offshore the Nile delta, were recorded during the MEDISIS survey (conducted in 2002 on board the R/V Nadir). The results of this survey allow an interpretation of the overall structure and evolution of this passive continental margin. The MCS data were processed using an amplitude preserving pre-stack depth migration technique, which has the advantage of providing a quantitative, and geometrically correct, image of seismic horizons. Well-defined reflecting events allow the identification of three main seismic units. The upper unit (a 7 km thick) is interpreted as the post-rift sedimentary cover of the margin; it includes an undisturbed Middle Cretaceous to Upper Miocene sedimentary pile, covered by thick Messinian (latest Miocene) salt-rich layers and by Pliocene to Quaternary sediments, locally intensively deformed by gravity tectonics. The underlying intermediate acoustic unit (6 km thick on average) is interpreted as the Mesozoic syn-rift sedimentary cover of the margin; the end of the last rifting event is marked by a strong angular unconformity, tentatively of Aptian age. The lower unit may correspond to the thinned continental crust of Africa (12 km thick on average in the study area) and its pre-rift cover. Its base is identified by strong, discontinuous reflector packages about 23-25 km below sea floor, interpreted as indicative of the Moho.
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  • 10
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