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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 9 (1976), S. 743-749 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 9 (1953), S. 369-369 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die infraroten und ultravioletten Spektren und analytische Daten von Geissospermin wurden diskutiert. Die Spaltung von Geissospermin mit konzentrierter Salzsäure wurde wiederholt, und ein Spaltprodukt C19H26ON2 wurde durch Gegenstromverteilung rein iscliert und durch ein kristallines Pikrolonat charakterisiert. Dieses Produkt besitzt ein Dihydroindolspektrum und trägt die N-methylgruppe des Geissospermins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 214 (1966), S. 1-23 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Kinetics of growth of single crystals of a two-block copolymer poly-(ethylene-oxyde)-polystyrene in solution was investigated dilatometrically and under the optical microscope. The influence of thermal treatments of the solution on crystallization kinetics and on crystal morphology is studied systematically. At constant temperature, kinetics depends mainly on the number and on the nature of nuclei: Two types of nuclei were identified: those predetermined by the thermal history of the solution and those which appear sporadically after an incubation period. The different kinetics are compared on the basis of growth perimeters and weight average sizes of the crystals. This comparison allowed us to adaptAvrami's theory to the crystallization of polymers from dilute solutions, and to relate one of the parameters of this theory to the more or less complicated crystal habits. The isothermal growth kinetics of monolayer crystals are also specified. Finally, partial volumes in solution are compared to the values calculated from the composition of the copolymer, assuming additivity of the volumes of the components.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik des Kristallwachstums von Einzelkristallen eines Zweiblockcopolymeren Poly-Äthylenoxid-Polystyrol in Lösung wurde dilatometrisch und unter dem optischen Mikroskop untersucht. Der Einfluß thermischer Behandlung der Lösung auf Kristallisationskinetik und Kristallmorphologie wird systematisch studiert. Bei konstanter Temperatur hängt die Kinetik hauptsächlich von Zahl und Natur der Keime ab. Zwei Typen von Keimen ließen sich identifizieren: diejenigen, die durch die thermische Vorgeschichte der Lösung verbestimmt sind, und diejenigen, die sporadisch nach einer Inkubationsperiode erscheinen. Die verschiedene Kinetik wird auf Basis der Wachstumsperimeter und der Gewichtsmittelgrößen der Kristalle behandelt. Dieser Vergleich erlaubt uns, dieAvramische Theorie der Kristallisation Polymerer aus verdünnten Lösungen anzuwenden und einen der Parameter dieser Theorie mit den mehr oder weniger komplizierten Kristallformen in Beziehung zu setzen. Die isotherme Wachstumskinetik von Einschichtkristallen ist auch ausgeführt. Schließlich werden die Partialvolumen in Lösung verglichen mit den Werten, die sich aus der Zusammensetzung der Copolymeren errechnen, wenn man die Additivität der Volumen der Komponenten annimmt.
    Notes: Résumé La cinétique de croissance des monocristaux d'un copolymère biséquencé Polyoxyéthylène-Polystyrène a été étudiée en solution diluée, par dilatométrie et par observation directe sous microscope optique. On a examiné systématiquement l'influence des traitements thermiques de la solution sur la cinétique de cristallisation et sur la morphologie des cristaux. A température constante, cette cinétique dépend essentiellement du nombre et de la nuture des germes. On a pu différencier deux sortes de germes: ceux prédéterminés par le traitement thermique de la solution, et ceux apparaissant sporadiquement après une période d'incubation. Les différents processus cinétiques ont été comparés en faisant intervenir le périmètre de croissance et la taille moyenne pondérale des cristaux. Cette comparaison a permis d'adapter la théorie d'Avrami à la cristallisation des polymères à partir de leurs solutions, et de relier l'un des paramètres de cette théorie à la morphologie plus ou moins complexe des cristaux. On a précisé aussi la cinétique de croissance isotherme des cristaux monolamellaires. Enfin, les volumes partiels en solution ont été comparés aux valeurs calculées à partir de la composition du copolymère, en admettant l'additivité de volume de ses constituants.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 120-121 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Abstracts are not published in this journal
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 3 (1984), S. 224-228 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 2 (1983), S. 325-328 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 5059-5067 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of physical adhesion on the mechanical properties of a composite structure are examined in this work. A criterion for optimum adhesion between matrix and reinforcing fibres is proposed based on maximizing the wetting tension. It is shown that the maximum wetting tension criterion best fulfils two important requirements for a strong interface:(i) the physical interactions at the molecular level between the resin and the fibres must be maximized, and (ii) the liquid resin must spontaneously wet the fibre surface in order to minimize the flow density at the interface. The conditions on the surface energy of the various phases leading to maximum wetting tension are analysed considering three mixing rules: two based on dispersive–polar interactions, and a third one based on acid–base interactions. The optimum adherend for a given adhesive, and the optimum adhesive for a given adherend, are examined. The analysis shows that maximum wetting tension is obtained when the substrate and adhesive surface energies are very high and equal, so that their polar and dispersive components are equal when the polar–dispersive mixing rule is used, and e.g. their Lifshitz–van der Waals’ components are equal and the acid component of one phase is equal to the basic component of the other phase when the acid–base approach is considered. It is shown using data from the literature that interfacial strength correlates with the wetting tension for fibre reinforced composites. Additional observations show that under poor wetting conditions the voids tend to concentrate at the fibre–resin interface, whereas under favourable wetting conditions they tend to coalesce in regions away from the fibre surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1970), S. 898-900 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this investigation is to study the mechanism of ion diffusion through polymeric films and coatings. A better understanding of this phenomenon should aid progress with problems such as corrosion protection and desalination membranes. The authors wish to report some preliminary results obtained by means of electron microprobe analysis. Salt diffusion through polymeric materials have been studied by several methods, e.g. chemical analysis [1], radioactive tracer techniques [2], and neutron activation analysis [3]. Although such methods yield useful information about average diffusion parameters, they provide no insight into details of diffusion on a localised and microscopic scale. The electron microprobe, on the other hand, can be used to determine the presence of specific ions in a volume element as small as 1μm in diameter. Therefore, microprobe analysis should be useful in determining local concentrations of diffusing ions and in examining the details of the diffusion process in polymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1970), S. 521-526 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In order to gain a better understanding of matrix-controlled fatigue failure processes in non-metallic materials a series of fatigue tests were performed on several different polymer materials representing different classes of mechanical response. Fatigue crack propagation rates between 5×10−6 in. cycle−1 (127 nm cycle−1) and 4×10−4 in. cycle−1 (10 300 nm cycle−1) were measured in nylon, polycarbonate, ABS resin, low-density polyethylene and polymethyl methacrylate. A strong correlation was found between the fatigue crack propagation rate and the stress intensity factor range prevailing at the advancing crack tip. Whereas metals exhibit comparable fatigue growth rates for a given stress intensity range when normalised with respect to their static elastic modulus, the polymer materials exhibited a 1300-fold difference in crack growth rate for a given normalised stress intensity range. This observation dramatically illustrates the importance of understanding molecular motion and energy dissipation processes in polymer materials as related to their chemistry and architecture. The relative behaviour of the different polymer materials could be generally correlated with their reported damping characteristics.
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