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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative bioavailability of a microcrystalline theophylline tablet and uncoated aminophylline tablets (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 417-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; aminophylline ; bioavailability ; rapidly dissolving tablet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The bioavailability of a rapidly dissolving tablet of theophylline and three brands of standard aminophylline tablets was estimated in a four way cross-over study involving 8 healthy adult volunteers. The relative extent of bioavailability as assessed by the measurement of the total area under the plasma concentration time curves showed no difference between the products (P〉0.05). Computed estimates of the rate of drug absorption were similar for all 4 products tested. The results indicate that the rapidly dissolving tablet offers no advantage in respect to rate and extent of absorption over conventional aminophylline tablets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568203
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the use of time constants as estimates of mean lifetimes in single channel data analysis (1990)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 18 (1990), S. 235-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Channel kinetics ; Markov models ; Sojourn times ; Approximation ; Eigenvalues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract For Markov models of single channel kinetics, a sojourn time in a class of states has a density function which is usually a linear combination of exponential densities. There are many instances in the single channel literature where the time constants of exponentials fitted to sojourn time data have been used as estimated mean sojourn times in individual states, though the two may be very different. In the present study the nature and magnitude of this difference in the case of a two state class is illustrated analytically and numerically. The time constants should be viewed at best as approximations, possibly poor, to the estimated mean sojourn times. Estimates of kinetic parameters cannot in general be obtained explicitly from the fitted parameters of the density alone. However, this is shown to be possible in some special cases and enables direct estimation of, for example, the channel opening rate constant β (or an upper limit to the estimate of β in the case of multiple channels) in standard sequential three or four state models of nicotinic receptor kinetics, using only the fitted parameters of the closed-time density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183376
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Control and Monitoring of Discharges by Biological Techniques (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Traditionally, the control of discharges to UK surface waters has been achieved using a chemical-specific approach. There are, however, benefits in also applying toxicity-based consents to effluents of complex composition.This paper describes the approach to direct toxicity assessment of discharges being developed by the Water Research Centre for and with, the National Rivers Authority.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00751.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of a trypsin-like digestive enzyme from spruce budworm (Chroristoneura fumiferana) responsible for the activation of δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 23 (1993), S. 663-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0965-1748
    Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Serine protease ; Spruce budworm ; Trypsin ; δ-Endotoxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0965-1748(93)90040-Y
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A soil carbon and land use database for the United Kingdom (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The compilation of a database of soil carbon and land use is described, from which models of soil carbon dioxide emissions across the United Kingdom (UK) can be run. The database gives soil organic carbon, sand, silt and clay contents and bulk densities weighted to reference layers from 0 to 30 cm and from 30 to 100 cm depths. The data are interpolated from information on soil types and land use on a 1 km grid across the UK and are used to estimate soil carbon stocks. For 1990, the baseline year for the Kyoto Protocol on carbon emissions, the estimate is 4562 Tg soil organic carbon in the top 1 m of soil across the UK, with an average density of 18 kg m−2. The data can be reported by layer (e.g. 54% in topsoils) and country (e.g. 48% in Scotland) as well as by soil and land type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/SUM2005351
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Revised estimates of the carbon mitigation potential of UK agricultural land (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The soil sequestration components of recent estimates of the carbon mitigation potential of UK agricultural land were calculated on the basis of a percentage change to the soil carbon stock present in the soil. Recent data suggest that the carbon stock of soil in UK arable land has been overestimated, meaning that potential soil carbon sequestration rates were also overestimated. Here, we present a new estimate of the carbon stock in UK arable land, and present revised estimates for the carbon mitigation potential of UK agricultural land. The stock of soil organic carbon in UK arable land (0–30 cm) is estimated to be 562 Tg, about half of the previous estimate. Consequently, the soil carbon sequestration component of each mitigation option is reduced by about half of previously published values. Since above-ground carbon accumulation and fossil fuel carbon savings remain unchanged by these new soil carbon data, options with a significant non-soil carbon mitigation component are reduced by less than those resulting from soil carbon sequestration alone. The best single mitigation option (bioenergy crop production on surplus arable land) accounts for 3.5 Tg C yr−1, (2.2% of the UK's 1990 CO2-carbon emissions), whilst an optimal combined land-use mitigation option accounts for 6.1 Tg C yr−1 (3.9% of the UK's 1990 CO2-carbon emissions). These revised figures suggest that through manipulation of arable land, the UK could, at best, meet 49% of its contribution to the EU's overall Kyoto CO2-carbon emission reduction target (8% of 1990 emissions), and 31% of the greater target accepted by the UK (12.5%). Even these reduced estimates show a significant carbon mitigation potential for UK arable land.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00214.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical and chemical aspects of Chew Valley and Blagdon Lakes, two eutrophic reservoirs in North Somerset, England (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 5 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chew Valley and Blagdon Lakes are two shallow, hard-water, lowland eutrophic reservoirs, situated near Bristol in the south-west of England.Chew Lake is more turbid and richer in plankton but poorer in macrophytes than Blagdon, and is more exposed to wind action. Both lakes show evidence of transient stratification in the summer coupled to deoxygenation of the bottom water, which has led to release of nutrients from the sediments.Severe algal blooms in Chew Lake in 1968 and the consequent filtration difficulties led to the establishment of a collaborative research programme between the University of Bristol and the Bristol Waterworks Company, to define the present biological status of the lakes, and to predict their possible future development. The work covers a wide range of measurements and observations on the limnological conditions of the lakes, which form an elegantly contrasted pair, and this paper describes their general physical and chemical features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1975.tb01760.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological aspects of Chew Valley and Blagdon Lakes, England (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 5 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This paper forms a sequel to that describing the physical and chemical aspects of Chew Valley and Blagdon Lakes (Wilson et al., 1975).General accounts of the phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytes, littoral and benthic faunas, and fish are presented, based on surveys undertaken between 1966 and 1973.The spring diatom blooms (principally Asterionella) are correlated with silica and phosphate depletion in both lakes, while growths of blue-green (principally Microcystis) in the summer and autumn are correlated with low values of nitrate and saline ammonia.The principal zooplankter in both lakes is Daphnia hyalina. Daphnia pulex was found very commonly in Blagdon in 1970/71, but has not been recorded since. The Daphnia in Chew are smaller in size than those in Blagdon.Blagdon is richer in abundance and number of species of littoral animals, and in macrophyte development, than is Chew. The benthos of both lakes is very similar, except that Blagdon has a well-established population of Anodonta cygnaea, while in Chew the species has apparently only recently become established.Both lakes are maintained artificially as trout fisheries. Other fish present include eels, sticklebacks, and gudgeon. Roach and Perch are found in Chew only. An outline account of their food is given based on stomach content analysis, and shows that trout feed principally on chironomid pupae in spring, and on small fish in autumn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1975.tb01761.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First report of Eggplant mottled dwarf virus in cucumber and pepper in Bulgaria (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00627.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of citrus psorosis-ringspot virus using RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Psorosis, sometimes also associated with ringspot symptoms, is a widespread and damaging disease of citrus in many parts of the world including South America and the Mediterranean basin. We describe the application of RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA diagnostics to an isolate of citrus ringspot virus (CtRSV-4) and other virus isolates associated with this disease. Fragments of cDNA from bottom-component RNA of CtRSV-4 were cloned and sequenced, and PCR primers were designed, 5′ACAATAAGCAAGACAAC upstream, and 5′CCATGTCACTTCTATTC downstream. RT-PCR experiments using these primers allowed detection of CtRSV-4 in infected citrus leaves down to a tissue dilution of 1/12 800 representing 2 μg of tissue, and less sensitive detection of the related citrus psorosis-associated virus (CPsAV90-1-1) and four other psorosis isolates from Argentina and the USA. In addition, CtRSV-4 particles were partially purified from local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa, and the preparations used to raise a rabbit antiserum. The antiserum was absorbed with extracts of healthy C. quinoa leaves, and a DAS-ELISA kit was prepared and tested for detection of CtRSV-4, CPsAV90–1-1, and other psorosis isolates from Argentina, the USA, Italy and Spain. The ELISA detected CtRSV-4 down to a tissue dilution of 1/1600, and most other psorosis isolates down to dilutions of 1/200–1/800. Three of a total of 20 heterologous isolates were consistently negative. Comparison of the PCR and ELISA results suggests that both methods can be used for detection of a range of psorosis isolates, but that variation of the viruses in the field might cause problems for any one diagnostic test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-81.x
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