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  • 1
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    Suitability of close-to-nature silviculture for adapting temperate European forests to climate change (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    In: Forestry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-07
    Description: In many parts of Europe, close-to-nature silviculture (CNS) has been widely advocated as being the best approach for managing forests to cope with future climate change. In this review, we identify and evaluate six principles for enhancing the adaptive capacity of European temperate forests in a changing climate: (1) increase tree species richness, (2) increase structural diversity, (3) maintain and increase genetic variation within tree species, (4) increase resistance of individual trees to biotic and abiotic stress, (5) replace high-risk stands and (6) keep average growing stocks low. We use these principles to examine how three CNS systems (single-tree selection, group selection and shelterwood) serve adaptation strategies. Many attributes of CNS can increase the adaptive capacity of European temperate forests to a changing climate. CNS promotes structural diversity and tree resistance to stressors, and growing stocks can be kept at low levels. However, some deficiencies exist in relation to the adaptation principles of increasing tree species richness, maintaining and increasing genetic variation, and replacing high-risk stands. To address these shortcomings, CNS should make increased use of a range of regeneration methods, in order to promote light-demanding tree species, non-native species and non-local provenances.
    Print ISSN: 0015-752X
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3626
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    A bony connection signals laryngeal echolocation in bats (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-26
    Description: Echolocation is an active form of orientation in which animals emit sounds and then listen to reflected echoes of those sounds to form images of their surroundings in their brains. Although echolocation is usually associated with bats, it is not characteristic of all bats. Most echolocating bats produce signals in the larynx, but within one family of mainly non-echolocating species (Pteropodidae), a few species use echolocation sounds produced by tongue clicks. Here we demonstrate, using data obtained from micro-computed tomography scans of 26 species (n = 35 fluid-preserved bats), that proximal articulation of the stylohyal bone (part of the mammalian hyoid apparatus) with the tympanic bone always distinguishes laryngeally echolocating bats from all other bats (that is, non-echolocating pteropodids and those that echolocate with tongue clicks). In laryngeally echolocating bats, the proximal end of the stylohyal bone directly articulates with the tympanic bone and is often fused with it. Previous research on the morphology of the stylohyal bone in the oldest known fossil bat (Onychonycteris finneyi) suggested that it did not echolocate, but our findings suggest that O. finneyi may have used laryngeal echolocation because its stylohyal bones may have articulated with its tympanic bones. The present findings reopen basic questions about the timing and the origin of flight and echolocation in the early evolution of bats. Our data also provide an independent anatomical character by which to distinguish laryngeally echolocating bats from other bats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veselka, Nina -- McErlain, David D -- Holdsworth, David W -- Eger, Judith L -- Chhem, Rethy K -- Mason, Matthew J -- Brain, Kirsty L -- Faure, Paul A -- Fenton, M Brock -- MOP-89852/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):939-42. doi: 10.1038/nature08737. Epub 2010 Jan 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Robarts Research Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20098413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Bone Conduction/*physiology ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Chiroptera/*anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Ear/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Flight, Animal/physiology ; Fossils ; Larynx/*physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Skull/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Tongue/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Chd1 regulates open chromatin and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-10
    Description: An open chromatin largely devoid of heterochromatin is a hallmark of stem cells. It remains unknown whether an open chromatin is necessary for the differentiation potential of stem cells, and which molecules are needed to maintain open chromatin. Here we show that the chromatin remodelling factor Chd1 is required to maintain the open chromatin of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells. Chd1 is a euchromatin protein that associates with the promoters of active genes, and downregulation of Chd1 leads to accumulation of heterochromatin. Chd1-deficient embryonic stem cells are no longer pluripotent, because they are incapable of giving rise to primitive endoderm and have a high propensity for neural differentiation. Furthermore, Chd1 is required for efficient reprogramming of fibroblasts to the pluripotent stem cell state. Our results indicate that Chd1 is essential for open chromatin and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, and for somatic cell reprogramming to the pluripotent state.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3891576/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3891576/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaspar-Maia, Alexandre -- Alajem, Adi -- Polesso, Fanny -- Sridharan, Rupa -- Mason, Mike J -- Heidersbach, Amy -- Ramalho-Santos, Joao -- McManus, Michael T -- Plath, Kathrin -- Meshorer, Eran -- Ramalho-Santos, Miguel -- DP2 OD004698/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080783/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080783-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080783-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080783-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080783-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080783-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 13;460(7257):863-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08212. Epub 2009 Jul 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ob/Gyn and Pathology, Center for Reproductive Sciences and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0525, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Reprogramming ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Endoderm/metabolism ; Euchromatin/genetics/*metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; GATA6 Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Methylation ; Mice ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; RNA Interference
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Sea spray aerosol as ice nucleating particles [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-25
    Description: Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are vital for ice initiation in, and precipitation from, mixed-phase clouds. A source of INPs from oceans within sea spray aerosol (SSA) emissions has been suggested in previous studies but remained unconfirmed. Here, we show that INPs are emitted using real wave breaking in a laboratory...
    Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on Improving Our Fundamental Understanding of the Role of Aerosol&ndash ; Cloud Int
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of membrane potential changes associated with release of calcium from intracellular stores in rat thymic lymphocytes (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 137 (1994), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Membrane potential ; Ca2+ channels ; Thapsigargin ; T-lymphocytes ; Mn2+
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Membrane potential changes accompanying Ca2+ influx stimulated by release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores (store-regulated Ca2+ uptake) were monitored in BAPTA-loaded rat thymic lymphocytes using the fluorescent indicator bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol. Depletion of [Ca2+] i stores by the application of thapsigargin, ionomycin or cyclopiazonic acid induced a depolarization which was (i) dependent upon BAPTA-loading, (ii) dependent upon extracellular Ca2+, (iii) independent of extracellular Na+ and (iv) abolished by 5 mm extracellular Ni2+. This depolarization was followed by a charybdotoxin-sensitive repolarization and subsequent hyperpolarization to values approximating the K+ equilibrium potential, consistent with secondary activation of a K+ conductance. These membrane potential changes temporally correlated with Ca2+ influx from the extracellular medium as measured fluorimetrically with indo-1. The divalent cation permeability sequence was investigated by monitoring the magnitude of the depolarization observed following the addition of 4 mm Ca2+, Mn2+, Ba2+ or Sr2+ to cells pretreated with doses of thapsigargin or ionomycin known to activate the store-regulated calcium uptake pathway. On the basis of these experiments, we conclude that the store-regulated Ca2+ uptake pathway has the following permeability sequence: Ca2+ 〉 Mn2+ ≫ Ba2+, Sr2+ with Mn2+ displaying significant permeability relative to Ca2+. This pathway is distinguishable from other divalent cation uptake pathways reported in other cells types on the basis of its activation by thapsigargin and its high Mn2+ permeability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233485
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
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    The Hamburg meteorite fall: Fireball trajectory, orbit, and dynamics (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The Hamburg (H4) meteorite fell on 17 January 2018 at 01:08 UT approximately 10 km north of Ann Arbor, Michigan. More than two dozen fragments totaling under 1 kg were recovered, primarily from frozen lake surfaces. The fireball initial velocity was 15.83 ± 0.05 km s−1, based on four independent records showing the fireball above 50 km altitude. The radiant had a zenith angle of 66.14 ± 0.29° and an azimuth of 121.56 ± 1.2°. The resulting low inclination (〈1°) Apollo‐type orbit has a large aphelion distance and Tisserand value relative to Jupiter (Tj) of ~3. Two major flares dominate the energy deposition profile, centered at 24.1 and 21.7 km altitude, respectively, under dynamic pressures of 5–7 MPa. The Geostationary Lightning Mapper on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐16 also detected the two main flares and their relative timing and peak flux agree with the video‐derived brightness profile. Our preferred total energy for the Hamburg fireball is 2–7 T TNT (8.4–28 × 109 J), which corresponds to a likely initial mass in the range of 60–225 kg or diameter between 0.3 and 0.5 m. Based on the model of Granvik et al. (2018), the meteorite originated in an escape route from the mid to outer asteroid belt. Hamburg is the 14th known H chondrite with an instrumentally derived preatmospheric orbit, half of which have small (〈5°) inclinations making connection with (6) Hebe problematic. A definitive parent body consistent with all 14 known H chondrite orbits remains elusive.
    Print ISSN: 1086-9379
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5100
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
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    Functional divergence in gastrointestinal microbiota in physically-separated genetically identical mice (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-26
    Description: Despite the fundamental contribution of the gut microbiota to host physiology, the extent of its variation in genetically-identical animals used in research is not known. We report significant divergence in both the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota in genetically-identical adult C57BL/6 mice housed in separate controlled units within a single commercial production facility. The reported divergence in gut microbiota has the potential to confound experimental studies using mammalian models. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep05437
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Overexpression of ATF3 or the combination of ATF3, c-Jun, STAT3 and Smad1 promotes regeneration of the central axon branch of sensory neurons but without synergistic effects (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-06
    Description: Peripheral nerve injury results in the activation of a number of transcription factors (TFs) in injured neurons, some of which may be key regulators of the regeneration-associated gene (RAG) programme. Among known RAG TFs, ATF3, Smad1, STAT3 and c-Jun have all been linked to successful axonal regeneration and have known functional and physical interactions. We hypothesised that TF expression would promote regeneration of the central axon branch of DRG neurons in the absence of a peripheral nerve lesion and that simultaneous overexpression of multiple RAG TFs would lead to greater effects than delivery of a single TF. Using adeno-associated viral vectors, we overexpressed either the combination of ATF3, Smad1, STAT3 and c-Jun with farnesylated GFP (fGFP), ATF3 only with fGFP, or fGFP only, in DRG neurons and assessed axonal regeneration after dorsal root transection or dorsal column injury and functional improvement after dorsal root injury. ATF3 alone and the combination of TFs promoted faster regeneration in the injured dorsal root. Surprisingly, however, the combination did not perform better than ATF3 alone. Neither treatment was able to induce functional improvement on sensory tests after dorsal root injury or promote regeneration in a dorsal column injury model. The lack of synergistic effects among these factors indicates that while they do increase the speed of axon growth, there may be functional redundancy between these TFs. Because axon growth is considerably less than that seen after a conditioning lesion, it appears these TFs do not induce the full regeneration programme.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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