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  • 1
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    Spatial evolution of tumors with successive driver mutations (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: Author(s): Tibor Antal, P. L. Krapivsky, and M. A. Nowak We study the influence of driver mutations on the spatial evolutionary dynamics of solid tumors. We start with a cancer clone that expands uniformly in three dimensions giving rise to a spherical shape. We assume that cell division occurs on the surface of the growing tumor. Each cell division has a… [Phys. Rev. E 92, 022705] Published Wed Aug 12, 2015
    Keywords: Biological Physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Imperfect drug penetration promotes resistance [Evolution] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-03
    Description: Infections with rapidly evolving pathogens are often treated using combinations of drugs with different mechanisms of action. One of the major goal of combination therapy is to reduce the risk of drug resistance emerging during a patient’s treatment. Although this strategy generally has significant benefits over monotherapy, it may also...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Spectral relations between products and powers of isotropic random matrices (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-28
    Description: Author(s): Z. Burda, M. A. Nowak, and A. Swiech We show that the limiting eigenvalue density of the product of n identically distributed random matrices from an isotropic unitary ensemble is equal to the eigenvalue density of n th power of a single matrix from this ensemble, in the limit when the size of the matrix tends to infinity. Using this ob... [Phys. Rev. E 86, 061137] Published Thu Dec 27, 2012
    Keywords: Statistical physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Multiplication law and S transform for non-Hermitian random matrices (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-15
    Description: Author(s): Z. Burda, R. A. Janik, and M. A. Nowak [Phys. Rev. E 84, 061125] Published Wed Dec 14, 2011
    Keywords: Statistical physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Cooperation and control in multiplayer dilemmas [Social Sciences] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-19
    Description: Direct reciprocity and conditional cooperation are important mechanisms to prevent free riding in social dilemmas. However, in large groups, these mechanisms may become ineffective because they require single individuals to have a substantial influence on their peers. However, the recent discovery of zero-determinant strategies in the iterated prisoner’s dilemma suggests...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: Although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are thought to be involved in the control of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection, it has not been possible to demonstrate a direct relation between CTL activity and plasma RNA viral load. Human leukocyte antigen-peptide tetrameric complexes offer a specific means to directly quantitate circulating CTLs ex vivo. With the use of the tetrameric complexes, a significant inverse correlation was observed between HIV-specific CTL frequency and plasma RNA viral load. In contrast, no significant association was detected between the clearance rate of productively infected cells and frequency of HIV-specific CTLs. These data are consistent with a significant role for HIV-specific CTLs in the control of HIV infection and suggest a considerable cytopathic effect of the virus in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogg, G S -- Jin, X -- Bonhoeffer, S -- Dunbar, P R -- Nowak, M A -- Monard, S -- Segal, J P -- Cao, Y -- Rowland-Jones, S L -- Cerundolo, V -- Hurley, A -- Markowitz, M -- Ho, D D -- Nixon, D F -- McMichael, A J -- MO1-RR00102/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01AI41534/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 27;279(5359):2103-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9516110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Coloring Agents ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Products, gag ; Gene Products, pol ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/*virology ; HIV-1/genetics/*physiology ; HLA-A Antigens ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count/*methods ; Oligopeptides ; RNA, Viral/*blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Viral Load ; Viremia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Fairness versus reason in the ultimatum game (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-08
    Description: In the Ultimatum Game, two players are offered a chance to win a certain sum of money. All they must do is divide it. The proposer suggests how to split the sum. The responder can accept or reject the deal. If the deal is rejected, neither player gets anything. The rational solution, suggested by game theory, is for the proposer to offer the smallest possible share and for the responder to accept it. If humans play the game, however, the most frequent outcome is a fair share. In this paper, we develop an evolutionary approach to the Ultimatum Game. We show that fairness will evolve if the proposer can obtain some information on what deals the responder has accepted in the past. Hence, the evolution of fairness, similarly to the evolution of cooperation, is linked to reputation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nowak, M A -- Page, K M -- Sigmund, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1773-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. nowak@ias.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10976075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Choice Behavior ; *Game Theory ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Logic ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Social science. Shrewd investments (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nowak, M A -- Sigmund, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 5;288(5467):819-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. nowak@ias.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10809651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Games, Experimental ; Helping Behavior ; Humans ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Evolution of universal grammar (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-01-06
    Description: Universal grammar specifies the mechanism of language acquisition. It determines the range of grammatical hypothesis that children entertain during language learning and the procedure they use for evaluating input sentences. How universal grammar arose is a major challenge for evolutionary biology. We present a mathematical framework for the evolutionary dynamics of grammar learning. The central result is a coherence threshold, which specifies the condition for a universal grammar to induce coherent communication within a population. We study selection of grammars within the same universal grammar and competition between different universal grammars. We calculate the condition under which natural selection favors the emergence of rule-based, generative grammars that underlie complex language.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nowak, M A -- Komarova, N L -- Niyogi, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):114-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. nowak@ias.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11141560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; *Biological Evolution ; Child ; Humans ; Language ; *Learning ; *Linguistics ; Mathematics ; Memory ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Evolution and social science. A tale of two selves (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sigmund, K -- Nowak, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 3;290(5493):949-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Game Theory ; Genes ; Group Processes ; Humans ; Language ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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