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The partitioning of mercury in the solid components of dry and flooded forest soils and sediments from a hydroelectric reservoir, Quebec (Canada) (1995)

Dmytriw, R. ; Mucci, A. ; Lucotte, M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 1099-1103

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Upon inundation, the soils in a hydroelectric reservoir are subjected to several years of physical, biological, and chemical changes as the transition from a terrestrial to an aquatic ecosystem is achieved. It is suspected that changes in soil Eh and pH alter the metal binding capacity of organic matter, reactive iron (Fe) oxides/oxyhydroxides, and clay minerals, and may cause the mercury associated with these phases to be remobilized. Four cores were collected along a transect from an unflooded forest soil to a pre-impoundment lake bottom sediment. They were subjected to a customized sequential extraction procedure to determine the distribution of Hg between three operationally-defined solid compartments: organic carbon, reactive Fe oxides/hydroxides, and the solid (clay and sulfide) residue. Results indicate that up to 80% of the Hg in the O-horizon of forest soils and flooded soils and up to 85% of the Hg in lake sediments is bound to the NaOH-extractable organic carbon fraction. Furthermore, it was observed that the highest Hg concentrations are associated with degraded organic matter. In the B-horizon of a podzol, 40–60% of the total Hg was found associated with reactive Fe minerals. In contrast, the flooded podzol contains almost no reactive Fe at any depth and associated Hg concentrations are low. We propose that upon inundation, Fe oxides are reduced and Hg released to the pore waters where it is rapidly bound to other available substrates. Analyses of the extractions residues suggest that there is an enrichment of Hg in this fraction immediately above the B-horizon in a flooded soil.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189770

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2

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Fish Diet and Mercury Exposure in a Riparian Amazonian Population (1997)

Lebel, J. ; Roulet, M. ; Mergler, D. ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 97 (1997), S. 31-44

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The incorporation of mercury into the food chain and its assimilation by humans is a universally recognized potential health hazard. Studies carried out in the Amazon Basin have shown that mercury (Hg) is present in fish and in humans, however, the relation between fish diet and human exposure has received limited attention in this region. The present study focused on a small village, Brasília Legal (3°59′00″S, 55°30′00″W), situated on the banks of the Rio Tapajós. A total of 181 fish (40 species) were captured in March, 1995 and analysed for Hg concentration. Of these, 132 fish were among species consumed by the population during the rainy season (mid-November to mid-May) and the dry season (mid-May to mid-November). Wide intra- and inter-species variations in Hg concentrations were observed. Thirty four fish (25.8% of the consumed species) had levels above 0.5 µg/g Hg fresh weight; all were among the piscivorous and omnivorous species. Hair Hg concentrations (HHg), showed that villagers with a high fish diet (n=31; median HHg=16.1 µg/g) and mixed fish diet (n=36; median HHg=14.8 µg/g) had significantly higher HHg concentrations compared to the low fish diet group (n=29; mean HHg=7.8 µg/g). Time series function of HHg measurements, made for 26 persons with over 24 cm of hair, revealed sinusoidal variations, with peaks during the rainy season and troughs during the low water period, paralleling the seasonal shift in dietary habits. Piscivorous and omnivorous fish species, with higher mercury levels, are the main component of the fish diet during the rainy season, while herbivorous fish species predominate during the dry season. Preventive actions should take into account the risk to human health, particularly for fetal and neonatal development, the importance of fish in the riparian diet, the wide intra- and inter -species variations in mercury content and seasonal fluctuations in diet.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018378207932

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3

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The application ofin situ dialysis samplers for close interval investigations of total dissolved mercury in interstitial waters (1996)

Montgomery, S. ; Mucci, A. ; Lucotte, M.

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 87 (1996), S. 219-229

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The suitability of the dialysis technique for the close interval sampling of total dissolved mercury (Hg) in interstitial waters was evaluated through field tests conducted in flooded soils of two hydroelectric reservoirs, as well as in lake sediments and peat bogs. In these shallow water and weakly contaminated environments, we have demonstrated that peepers offer simplicity and yield more consistent results when compared with the squeezed sediment technique; that the presence of O2 in the initial filling solution does not significantly influence total dissolved Hg concentrations, [Hgtot]D, in samples collected from anoxic environments; and that an equilibration period of 8 to 9 days yields slightly less variable results than one of 6.5 days. Using the dialysis technique, we were able to generate close interval vertical profiles of [Hgtot]D, in interstitial waters. A comparison of preliminary results indicates that [Hgtot]D in porewaters collected in both artificial and natural systems are similar and independent of the sampling environment, the depth of the overlying water column, and the history of reservoir impoundment.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696838

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4

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Fish diet and mercury exposure in a riparian Amazonian population (1997)

Lebel, J. ; Roulet, M. ; Mergler, D. ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 97 (1997), S. 31-44

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The incorporation of mercury into the food chain and its assimilation by humans is a universally recognized potential health hazard. Studies carried out in the Amazon Basin have shown that mercury (Hg) is present in fish and in humans, however, the relation between fish diet and human exposure has received limited attention in this region. The present study focused on a small village, Brasília Legal (3°59′00″S, 55°30′00″W), situated on the banks of the Rio Tapajós. A total of 181 fish (40 species) were captured in March, 1995 and analysed for Hg concentration. Of these, 132 fish were among species consumed by the population during the rainy season (mid-November to mid-May) and the dry season (mid-May to mid-November). Wide intra- and inter-species variations in Hg concentrations were observed. Thirty four fish (25.8% of the consumed species) had levels above 0.5 μg/g Hg fresh weight; all were among the piscivorous and omnivorous species. Hair Hg concentrations (HHg), showed that villagers with a high fish diet (n=31; median HHg=16.1 μg/g) and mixed fish diet (n=36; median HHg=14.8 μg/g) had significantly higher HHg concentrations compared to the low fish diet group (n=29; mean HHg=7.8 μg/g). Time series function of HHg measurements, made for 26 persons with over 24 cm of hair, revealed sinusoidal variations, with peaks during the rainy season and troughs during the low water period, paralleling the seasonal shift in dietary habits. Piscivorous and omnivorous fish species, with higher mercury levels, are the main component of the fish diet during the rainy season, while herbivorous fish species predominate during the dry season. Preventive actions should take into account the risk to human health, particularly for fetal and neonatal development, the importance of fish in the riparian diet, the wide intra- and inter-species variations in mercury content and seasonal fluctuations in diet.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409642

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5

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Methylmercury in a benthic food web of two hydroelectric reservoirs and a natural lake of Northern Québec (Canada) (1996)

Tremblay, A. ; Lucotte, M. ; Rheault, I.

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 91 (1996), S. 255-269

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Keywords: mercury ; methylmercury ; benthic invertebrates ; lakes ; reservoirs

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Total mercury (Hg) concentrations in benthic insects from a 14 years old hydroelectric reservoir (La Grande 2) were 2 to 3 times higher than those from a reference lake and, in some groups, up to 7 times. The difference was even more pronounced for methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations, with a mean of 4 fold and a maximum of 12 fold between systems. The enrichment factors (dw) of insects, relative to the substrate in which they reside was around 3 for total Hg and 6 to 22 for MeHg. On the basis of their diet, we have classified the insects into four different trophic levels: detritivores, grazers, grazers-predators and predators. In insects collected in the reservoirs, the McHg:Hg ratio was 20–25% in dipterans-ephemeropterans (detritivores) and 30–40% in trichopterans (grazers), but 60–85% in heteropterans-coleopterans (grazers-predators) and 95% in odonates (predators). The pattern was similar in the lake with slightly lower values. In both systems, the proportion of MeHg increases in direct relation to our defined trophic levels. Given that insects are an important food source for many fish, our results suggest that they are a strong vector of McHg to these fish in hydroelectric reservoirs. The bioavailability of MeHg to insect larvae appears to depend on the nature and composition of the substrate in which they reside.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666262

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6

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Effects of Recent Human Colonization on the Presence of Mercury in Amazonian Ecosystems (1999)

Roulet, M. ; Lucotte, M. ; Farella, N. ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 112 (1999), S. 297-313

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Keywords: Amazonia ; mercury ; soil erosion

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Three Hg sources were characterised and mass balance calculations were used to determine their relative contributions to the contamination of the Amazonian environment. About an order of magnitude more Hg is emitted to the atmosphere by goldmining activity than by the burning of forest biomass. However, anthropogenic atmospheric Hg cannot account for the high Hg burdens found in terrestrial ecosystems: deposition of Hg from goldmining sources is estimated to account for less than 3% of the Hg present in the surface horizons of soils. We propose that erosion of deforested soils following human colonization constitutes a major disturbance of the natural Hg cycle. Deforestation thus increases soil Hg mobilisation by runoff, which may explain the increase of Hg burdens in Amazonian aquatic ecosystems in newly colonized watersheds.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005073432015

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7

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Anthropogenic mercury enrichment in remote lakes of northern Québec (Canada) (1995)

Lucotte, M. ; Mucci, A. ; Hillaire-Marcel, C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 467-476

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract In a sub-Arctic region of the province of Québec, at sites situated 200 to 1400 km away from the closest industrial centers, we find the ubiquitous presence of anthropogenic Hg, reflected by steadily increasing concentrations of this metal in lake sediments, since about 1940, to rates averaging 2.3 times the preindustrial levels. Mercury concentrations in lake sediments were found to be proportional to the amounts of terrestrial organic carbon from the catchment area. It would, therefore, be misleading to derive continental-scale gradients of this pollutant based on Hg concentrations in oligotrophic lake sediments, unless they are normalized to their organic carbon content. Our normalized data for sediments of remote lakes along a 1200 km transect (45 to 55°N) clearly indicate that the distribution pattern of long-range Hg contamination is independent of the latitude over the boreal forest domain. This uniform contamination contrasts with that of Pb, which decreases towards the north over the same latitudinal span, away from the industrial centers of the St Lawrence Valley and the U.S. Mid-West.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189696

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8

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Different factors related to mercury concentration in sediments and zooplankton of 73 Canadian Lakes (1995)

Tremblay, A. ; Lucotte, M. ; Rowan, D.

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 961-970

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Surficial sediments were sampled with a light-weight gravity corer at 175 sites in 73 Ontario and Québec lakes and Zooplankton was collected with a 225 μm mesh size net in 24 lakes. Hg concentrations in surficial sediments (0–2 cm) ranged from 3 to 267 ng g−1 dry weight with a mean of 80 ng g−1 dry weight for all sites. A regression model including organic content of sediments and the ratio of the catchment area/lake surface explained 60% of the variation in sediments Hg concentrations. Hg in Zooplankton ranged from about 25 to 377 ng g−1 dw with a mean of 108 ng g−1 dw and was weakly correlated with catchment area, primary productivity and TOC. Our data indicate that an important fraction of Hg originates from the catchments, but do not show a clear west-east regional gradient for Hg concentrations in surficial sediments or in zooplankton.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189750

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