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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of Organolithium Dimerization on Irradiated CdS Powder (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Organometallics 14 (1995), S. 2570-2574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00005a064
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The glyoxylate cycle is required for fungal virulence (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 412 (2001), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Candida albicans, a normal component of the mammalian gastrointestinal flora, is responsible for most fungal infections in immunosuppressed patients. Candida is normally phagocytosed by macrophages and neutrophils, which secrete cytokines and induce hyphal development in this fungus. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35083594
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uranium mobilization from low-grade ore by cyanobacteria (1985)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1985), S. 374-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Three cyanobacterial isolates (two LPP-B forms and one Anabaena or Nostoc species) from different environments could mobilize uranium from low-grade ores. After 80 days, up to 18% uranium had been extracted from coal and 51% from carbonate rock by the filamentous cyanobacterium OL3, a LPP-B form. Low growth requirements with regard to light and temperature optima make this strain a possible candidate for leaching neutral and alkaline low-grade uranium ores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249983
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale determination of cyanobacterial susceptibility to antibiotics and inorganic ions (1984)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1984), S. 422-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Susceptibility of 3 cyanobacterial strains to 19 inorganic compounds and 17 antibiotics was tested by using the dilution technique in microtiter plates and agar diffusion technique, respectively. Generally, the toxicity of inorganic salts to cyanobacteria could be classified as high (Hg, Ag, Cu, Co, Cd, Ni), intermediate (U, Pb, Al, Te, As (III), Mn) and low (As(V), Mo). Other salts (Zn, Cr, Ge, Sb, B) showed strain to strain differences in toxicity patterns. Except streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, amikacin, furazolidone (inhibition of all strains) and sulphanilamide (no inhibition) all other antibiotics showed differences of inhibition patterns. A spontaneous increase of resistance to As(V) and cross resistances to antibiotics and inorganic ions were indicated culturing strains in media with low levels of arsenate or mercuric ions. Antibiotic-resistant clones were isolated from inhibition zones. In conclusion, the results obtained with both methods are a good basis for further more detailed studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261947
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural genetic transformation of Pseudomonas stutzeri by sand-adsorbed DNA (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 154 (1990), S. 380-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Competence ; DNA uptake ; Transformation ; DNA-sand complex ; Genetically engineered microorganisms ; Gene transfer ; Pseudomonas stutzeri
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a soil/sediment model system we have shown recently that a gram-positive bacterium with natural competence (Bacillus subtilis) can take up transforming DNA adsorbed to sand minerals. Here we examined whether also a naturally transformable soil bacterium of the gramnegative pseudomonad (Pseudomonas stutzeri) can be transformed by mineral-associated DNA. for these studies the transformation protocol of this species was further improved and characterized. The peak of competence during growth of P. stutzeri was determined to occur at the beginning of the stationary phase. The competence state was conserved during shock freezing and thawing of cells in 10% glycerol. Kinetic experiments showed that transformant formation after addition of DNA to competent cells proceeded for more than 2 h with DNA adsorption to cells being the rate limiting step. By means of the defined protocol P. stutzeri was shown to be transformed by sand-adsorbed DNA. Transformation by adsorbed or dissolved DNA occurred between 16° and 44°C. Efficiency and DNaseI-sensitivity of transformation by DNA adsorbed to sand or in liquid were comparable. It is concluded that uptake of particle-bound DNA by P. stutzeri in soil is possible. This finding adds evidence to the view that transformation occurs in natural environments where DNA is assumed to be significantly associated with mineral/particulate material and thereby is protected against enzymatic degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276535
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of transforming plasmid and chromosomal DNA from two cultured soil bacteria (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 156 (1991), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Plasmid DNA ; Chromosomal DNA ; release from cells ; Soil bacteria ; Natural genetic transformation ; Competence ; Bacterial DNase activities ; Gene transfer ; Bacillus subtilis ; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The release of chromosomal and plasmid DNA from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Bacillus subtilis cultivated in minimal medium and broth over a period of 50 h was monitored and related to growth phase, autolysis, DNase production and natural competence. The released DNAs were biologically active in natural transformation. In addition, the circular integrity of a released B. subtilis shuttle vector (pHV14) was demonstrated by artificial transformation of Escherichia coli. In cultures of both strains high molecular weight DNA accumulated, particularly during the stationary and death phase (up to 30 μg ml-1). Generally, despite the presence in culture fluids of DNase activity (and of an intracellular enzyme, catalase, indicating some cell lysis) there was high transforming activity of chromsomal and plasmid DNA even 40 h after the cultures reached the stationary phase. In cultures of B. subtilis in minimal medium a presumably active release of intact plasmids and chromsomal DNA occurred during the competence phase. The release of biologically functional DNA during essentially all growth phases of a gram-positive and a gram-negative member of soil bacteria might facilitate horizontal gene transfer by transformation in natural habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263005
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid transformation of naturally competent Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in non-sterile soil extract and groundwater (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 157 (1992), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Natural genetic transformation ; DNA binding/uptake ; Stimulation by divalent cations ; Uptake specificity ; Plasmid transformation ; DNA restriction ; Soil ; Groundwater ; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The natural transformation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BD413 (trp E27) was characterized with respect to features that might be important for a possible gene transfer by extracellular DNA in natural environments. Transformation of competent cells with chromosomal DNA (marker trp +) occurred in aqueous solutions of single divalent cations. Uptake of DNA into the DNase I-resistant state but not the binding of DNA to cells was strongly stimulated by divalent cations. An increase of transformation of nearly 3 orders of magnitude was obtained as a response to the presence of 0.25 mM Ca2+. With CaCl2 solutions the transformation frequencies approached the highest values obtained under standard broth conditions, followed by MnCl2 and MgCl2. It is concluded that transformation requires divalent cations. DNA competition experiments showed that A. calcoaceticus does not discriminate between homologous and heterologous DNA. Furthermore, circular plasmid DNA competed with chromosomal DNA fragments and vice versa. The equally efficient transformation with plasmid pKT210 isolated from A. calcoaceticus or Escherichia coli indicated absence of DNA restriction in transformation. High efficiency plasmid transformation was obtained in samples of non-sterile natural groundwater and in non-sterile extracts of fresh and air-dried soil. Heat-treatment (10 min, 80°C) of the non-sterile liquid samples increased transformation only in the dried soil extract, probably by inactivation of DNases. The results presented suggest that competent cells of A. calcoaceticus can take up free high molecular weight DNA including plasmids of any source in natural environments such as soil, sediment or groundwater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248681
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extracellular nuclease of Serratia marcescens: studies on the activity in vitro and effect on transforming DNA in a groundwater aquifer microcosm (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 161 (1994), S. 176-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words: Extracellular nuclease –Serratia marcescens– Endonuclease assay – Natural genetic transformation –Acinetobacter calcoaceticus– Groundwater aquifer – Microcosm – Protection against DNase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A quantitative endonuclease assay, which relies on the introduction of single and double strand breaks into supercoiled plasmid DNA, was used to study the activity of the extracellular nuclease of Serratia marcescens SM6 in buffer and in groundwater. The parallel enzyme concentration-dependent production of relaxed and linear plasmid molecules suggests that the nuclease produces single and double strand breaks in duplex DNA. Bovine serum albumin stimulated the nuclease activity towards DNA and RNA and increased the stability of the enzyme against thermal inactivation. The DNase activity at 4 °C and 50 °C was almost half of that at the optimum temperature (37 °C). The nuclease was active in groundwater, although the specific activity was lower than in buffer. In a groundwater aquifer microcosm, mineral-adsorbed transforming DNA was substantially less accessible to the nuclease than was dissolved DNA. The data suggest that the extracellular nuclease of Serratia marcescens may contribute to DNA turnover in the environment and that adsorption of DNA to minerals provides protection against the nuclease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276480
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extracellular nuclease of Serratia marcescens: studies on the activity in vitro and effect on transforming DNA in a groundwater aquifer microcosm (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 161 (1994), S. 176-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Extracellular nuclease ; Serratia marcescens ; Endonuclease assay ; Natural genetic transformation ; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ; Groundwater aquifer ; Microcosm ; Protection against DNase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative endonuclease assay, which relies on the introduction of single and double strand breaks into supercoiled plasmid DNA, was used to study the activity of the extracellular nuclease of Serratia marcescens SM6 in buffer and in groundwater. The parallel enzyme concentration-dependent production of relaxed and linear plasmid molecules suggests that the nuclease produces single and double strand breaks in duplex DNA. Bovine serum albumin stimulated the nuclease activity towards DNA and RNA and increased the stability of the enzyme against thermal inactivation. The DNase activity at 4 °C and 50 °C was almost half of that at the optimum temperature (37 °C). The nuclease was active in groundwater, although the specific activity was lower than in buffer. In a groundwater aquifer microcosm, mineral-adsorbed transforming DNA was substantially less accessible to the nuclease than was dissolved DNA. The data suggest that the extracellular nuclease of Serratia marcescens may contribute to DNA turnover in the environment and that adsorption of DNA to minerals provides protection against the nuclease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276480
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast as model T cells (1994)
    Springer
    Perspectives in drug discovery and design 2 (1994), S. 103-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9023
    Keywords: Cyclosporin ; FK-506 ; Rapamycin ; Cyclophilin ; FKBP ; Calcineurin ; Immunosuppression ; T-cell activation ; NF-AT ; S6 kinase ; PI-3 ; kinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The immunosuppressants cyclosporin A, FK-506, and rapamycin prevent T-cell activation by inhibiting intermediate signal transduction steps. Studies have focused on their mechanisms of action, with the aim of both designing novel immunosuppressants and understanding signal transduction. Biochemical studies first identified the primary drug targets, the immunophilins cyclophilin and FKBP. Genetic studies in yeast demonstrated that the active agents in vivo are toxic protein-drug complexes. The target of cyclophilin-CsA and FKBP12-FK-506, the calcium- and calmodulin-regulated phosphatase calcineurin, regulates nuclear import of a T-cell-specific transcription factor during response to antigen. In yeast, calcineurin is required for recovery from pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest. The challenges ahead are to understand the normal cellular roles of the immunophilins, to biochemically define the direct target of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex, and to translate recent advances into the design of novel immunosuppressants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02171739
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