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  • 1
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    General-Purpose Quantum Circuit Simulator with Projected Entangled-Pair States and the Quantum Supremacy Frontier (2019)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 2
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    Genotypic variation of cell wall composition and its conversion efficiency in Miscanthus sinensis, a potential biomass feedstock crop in China (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-13
    Description: Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose microfibrils embedded in a cross-linked-net of matrix polysaccharides and co-polymerized with lignin. The study presented the genotypic variations of cell wall composition, biohydrogen production, and lignocellulose degradation ratio in a collection of 102 Miscanthus sinensis ( M . Sinensis , hereafter) accessions collected from a wide geographical range in China. Significant variations were observed for the determined traits, cellulose content, hemicellulose content, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation efficiency, and biohydrogen yield. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents ranged from 30.20–44.25, 28.97–42.65, and 6.96–20.75%, respectively. The degradation ratio of cellulose and hemicellulose varied from 2.08% to 37.87% and from 14.71% to 52.50%, respectively. The feedstock was fermented to produce biohydrogen, and the production varied from 14.59 to 40.66 ml per gram of Miscanthus biomass. The expression profile of three cellulose synthase ( MsCesA ) genes was initially established to indicate the genotypic difference among the M . sinensis accessions. Pearson's correlations were conducted to reveal the perplexing relationship between the tested traits, biohydrogen yield, cell wall composition and their degradation efficiency. In addition, the relationship pattern, between the test traits and the geographic factors corresponding with the original place, was investigated. The result showed that the significant variation among the M . sinensis genotypes is the result of natural selection in different environments of their original habitats. Improvement in cell wall composition and structure and enhancement of lignocellulose degradation ratio could significantly increase sustainable bioenergy production.
    Print ISSN: 1757-1693
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-1707
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Materials, Vol. 12, Pages 2986: Flexural Wave Propagation in Mass Chain-Filled Carbon Nanotubes (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Materials
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The propagation characteristics of terahertz (THz) flexural waves in mass chain-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (MCSCs) are studied using a continuum mechanics approach and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, where each single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is modeled as a nonlocal Timoshenko beam based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory. The effect of the surrounding elastic medium and the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between the mass chain and the SWCNT on the wave propagation is quantitatively considered in governing equations, respectively. The analytical expressions of two flexural wave branches and the bandgap between the two branches are derived. When combining our MD simulations of the carbon-atom chain-filled SWCNT, the wave within the bandgap disperses rapidly, and the mass chain has a significant influence on the phase velocity of the flexural wave. The present theoretical solution has a high accuracy in a wide frequency range up to the THz region. In particular, the surrounding elastic medium of the MCSCs remarkably affects the phase velocity for low frequencies, but not for high frequencies. The present study indicates that the wave propagation of a SWCNT could be modulated by changing the filled mass chain and the surrounding elastic medium.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1944
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by MDPI
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  • 4
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    Agronomy, Vol. 9, Pages 402: Genetic Diversity and Geographic Differentiation of Tung Tree, Vernicia Fordii (Euphorbiaceae), A Potential Biodiesel Plant Species with Low Invasion Risk (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Agronomy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The tung tree, Vernicia fordii (Herbert Kenneth Airy Shaw), is a woody species native to South-East Asia (from Central and Southwest China to North Vietnam), which is also cultivated in China for the production of industrial oil. It is listed as a Category II invasive plant species in Florida, USA. During the introduction period of the tung tree from China to other countries in the last century, its low invasion feature led to its successful establishment in only a few countries. However, the genetic consideration for the population in its widespread native environment remains lacking. In this study, a set of 95 accessions covering most of the tung tree distribution areas in China were collected. Fifty simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs were selected for the genotyping of the germplasm. Population genetics analysis indicated a medium level of genetic variation within the collected samples. The genetic diversity of the tung tree from the main production region was obviously higher than those from the marginal regions. A significant genetic differentiation occurred between the two regions, as well as among the 12 regional groups of administration. The dendrogram based on Nei’s gene diversity showed that the clustering pattern for the germplasm collections basically coincided with their geographic distribution. In their native environment, human activities have had a significant impact on the gene flow via seed movement among the production areas of the tung tree in history. This study will be helpful for molecular breeding and germplasm preservation of the tung tree, and for understanding the tung tree as a biodiesel plant species with a low invasion risk when introduced into foreign countries.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4395
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by MDPI
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  • 5
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    Genes, Vol. 10, Pages 425: Analysis of the Full-Length Pyriform Spidroin Gene Sequence (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Genes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Spiders often produce multiple types of silk, each with unique properties suiting them to certain tasks and biological functions. Orb-weaver spiders can generate more than six types of silk fibroins, with pyriform silk used to form attachment discs, adhering silk to other surfaces and substances. The unique higher-order structuring of silk fibroins has been cited as the source of their remarkable biomechanical properties. Even so, only one full-length gene sequence of pyriform silk protein 1 (PySp1) from Argiopeargentata has been reported, and studies on the mechanical properties of natural pyriform silk fibers are also lacking. To better understand the PySp1 family of genes, we used long-distance PCR (LD-PCR) to determine the sequence of PySp1 in the Araneusventricosus species. This full-length PySp1 gene is 11,931 bp in length, encoding for 3976 amino acids residues in non-repetitive N- and C-terminal domains with a central largely repetitive region made up of sixteen remarkably homogeneous units. This was similar to the previously reported A. argentata PySp1 sequence, with PySp1 from A. ventricosus also having a long repetitive N-linker that bridges the N-terminal and repetitive regions. Predictions of secondary structure and hydrophobicity of A. ventricosus PySp1 showed the pyriform silk fiber’s functional properties. The amino acid compositions of PySp1 is obviously distinct from other spidroins. Our sequence makes an important contribution to understand pyriform silk protein structure and also provides a new template for recombinant pyriform silk proteins with attractive properties.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4425
    Topics: Biology
    Published by MDPI
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  • 6
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    Preparation of Sm doped cerium dioxide film by anodization (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-22
    Description: The Sm doped cerium dioxide films were prepared with cerium foils as raw materials by anodization in Sm(NO 3 ) 3 -Na 2 C 2 O 4 -NH 3 ·H 2 O-H 2 O-(CH 2 OH) 2 electrolyte. The anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film was heat treated at 550°C. The Sm doped cerium dioxide films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive analyses of X-ray (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques and scanning electron microcopy (SEM), respectively. The anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film is semi crystalline film. The heat treated anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film at 550°C has a structure of cubic fluorite. The doping of Sm is replacement doping or caulking doping. The Sm doped cerium dioxide film is porous film. The water, ethylene glycol and CO 2 are adsorbed in the anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film. The adsorbing water, ethylene glycol and CO 2 in the anodic Sm ...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    IJERPH, Vol. 13, Pages 1010: Effects of Lane Width, Lane Position and Edge Shoulder Width on Driving Behavior in Underground Urban Expressways: A Driving Simulator Study (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-15
    Description: This study tested the effects of lane width, lane position and edge shoulder width on driving behavior for a three-lane underground urban expressway. A driving simulator was used with 24 volunteer test subjects. Five lane widths (2.85, 3.00, 3.25, 3.50, and 3.75 m) and three shoulder widths (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 m) were studied. Driving speed, lane deviation and subjective perception of driving behavior were collected as performance measures. The results show that lane and shoulder width have significant effects on driving speed. Average driving speed increases from 60.01 km/h in the narrowest lane to 88.05 km/h in the widest lane. While both narrower lanes and shoulders result in reduced speed and lateral lane deviation, the effect of lane width is greater than that of shoulder width. When the lane and shoulder are narrow, drivers in the left or right lane tend to shy away from the tunnel wall, even encroaching into the neighboring middle lane. As the lane or shoulder gets wider, drivers tend to stay in the middle of the lane. An interesting finding is that although few participants acknowledged that lane position had any great bearing on their driving behaviors, the observed driving speed is statistically higher in the left lane than in the other two lanes when the lane width is narrow (in 2.85, 3 and 3.25 m lanes). These findings provided support for amending the current design specifications of urban underground roads, such as the relationship between design speed and lane width, speed limit, and combination form of lanes.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 8
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    A Climate Change–Induced Threat to the Ecological Resilience of A Subtropical Monsoon Evergreen Broadleaved Forest in Southern China (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-22
    Description: Recent studies have suggested that tropical forests may not be resilient against climate change in the long term, primarily owing to predicted reductions in rainfall and forest productivity, increased tree mortality, and declining forest biomass carbon sinks. These changes will be caused by drought-induced water stress and ecosystem disturbances. Several recent studies have reported that climate change has increased tree mortality in temperate and boreal forests, or both mortality and recruitment rates in tropical forests. However, no study has yet examined these changes in the subtropical forests that account for the majority of China's forested land. In the present study, we describe how the monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest has responded to global warming and drought stress using 32 years of data from forest observation plots. Due to an imbalance in mortality and recruitment, and changes in diameter growth rates between larger and smaller trees and among different functional groups, the average DBH of trees and forest biomass have decreased. Sap flow measurements also showed that larger trees were more stressed than smaller trees by the warming and drying environment. As a result, the monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest community is undergoing a transition from a forest dominated by a cohort of fewer and larger individuals to a forest dominated by a cohort of more and smaller individuals, with a different species composition, suggesting that subtropical forests are threatened by their lack of resilience against long-term climate change. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    High-grain diets altered rumen fermentation and epithelial bacterial community and resulted in rumen epithelial injuries of goats (2017)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Performance and mechanism of triclosan removal in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process under low-oxygen condition (2016)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-08
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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