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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 4 (1983), S. 249-255 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: radiofrequency radiation ; 27.12 MHz ; hyperthermia ; teratology ; rat ; embryo ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Five groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham exposed or were irradiated in a 27.12-MHz radiofrequency (RF) field at 55 A/m and 300 V/m on gestation day 9. The absorbed power (approximately 11 W/kg) caused a relatively rapid increase in the rat's colonic temperature. Rats in group I were sham irradiated for 2.5 h at 0 A/m, 0 V/m. In group II RF irradiation was terminated after the rat's colonic temperature reached 41.0 °C. In group III the 41.0- °C temperature was maintained an additional 15 min by varying the field strength. At both temperatures the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of the RF-induced hyperthermia increased as the exposure duration increased, but the increase was especially noticeable at 42.0 °C. The results indicate that the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of RF-induced hyperthermia are related to both the temperature of the dam during exposure and the length of time the dam's temperature remains elevated.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 7 (1986), S. 83-90 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: RF induction heaters ; magnetic field strength monitor ; occupational RF exposures ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: We discuss initial magnetic field strength measurements made around radiofrequency (RF) induction heaters. These measurements were made with a monitor developed for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). The monitor has a dynamic range of .01 to 10,000 A2/m2, a frequency range of 300 kHz to 100 MHz, an isotropic response (± .3 dB) with three mutally orthogonal loop antennas that have the ability to measure and display each of three orthogonal magnetic field components, a high probe burnout protection level of 20,000 A2/m2, and an accuracy of ± 1.0 dB at 13 calibration frequencies. The portable survey monitor was used to measure the magnetic field strengths in the vicinity of 16 RF induction heaters. Typically these induction heaters are operated continuously for several hours. The maximum field strengths (without duty factor correction) ranged from 15 to 4,500 A2/m2 and were measured 5 to 51 cm from the loop applicators of the induction heaters. At locations commonly occupied by workers (ie, approximately 30 to 76 cm from heaters), the fields ranged from .01 to 300 A2/m2 (without duty factor correction).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 7 (1986), S. 141-149 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: radiofrequency radiation ; 27.12 MHz ; hyperthermia ; birth defects ; teratology ; embryo ; rat ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Five groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated for 10-40 min on gestation day 9 in a 27.12-MHz radiofrequency field at a magnetic field strength of 55 A/m and an electric field strength of 300 V/m. The specific absorption rate was 10.8 ± 0.3 W/kg. Exposures were terminated after the rat's colonic temperature reached 41.0°C, 41.5°C, 42.0°C, 42.5°C, or 43.0°C. A control group was sham irradiated at 0 A/m and 0 V/m on gestation day 9, whereas a second control group was untreated. The incidence of both birth defects and prenatal death was directly related to maternal body temperature once a temperature threshold was exceeded. The temperature threshold for both types of effects was approximately 41.5°C. A few pregnant rats died after exposure to 43.0°C, and higher temperatures were nearly always lethal.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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