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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of maize microtubule-associated proteins, one of which is immunologically related to tau (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 30 (1991), S. 9334-9340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00102a028
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of spindle fibers and microtubules during anaphase and phragmoplast formation (1972)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 39 (1972), S. 101-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Detailed correlation of in vitro observations with the arrangement of microtubules (MTs) during anaphase-telophase were made on endosperm of Haemanthus katherinae. It is stressed that the general course of events leading to the formation of the phragmoplast is the same in all cells, but considerable variation of details may be found in different objects and even in various cells of the same tissue. The changes of MT arrangement in the interzonal region responsible for formation of the phragmoplast already occur in anaphase. During this stage continuous fibers (composed of numerous MTs) lengthen, become thinner (the number of MTs on a cross-section decreases), and often seem to break. After mid-anaphase, thin fibers begin to oscillate transversely to the axis of the phragmoplast and often are considerably laterally displaced (lateral movements). The longest MTs in the phragmoplast are present during oscillations and lateral movements. The new MTs arise in the phragmoplast regions depleted of MTs as a result of lateral movements (usually geometric central region of the phragmoplast). Clusters of vesicles, which accumulate in relation to MTs which move, fuse and form the cell plate. After the fusion, the number and the length of MTs decrease. Several processes are superimposed and occur simultaneously. Also the cell plate is, as a rule, in different stages of development in various regions of the phragmoplast. The movements of MTs and fusion of the vesicles is complex and the details of these processes are not entirely clear. The data supplied here modify some generally accepted concepts of phragmoplast formation and development. This concerns the center of origin of new MTs, the moment when they arise, and the way they subsequently behave.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319839
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical, Chemical and Sensory Changes in Irradiated Fresh Pork Packaged in Modified Atmosphere (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 57 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of irradiation dose (0, 0.5 and 1.0 kGy), headspace oxygen (0, 10 and 20% O2, balance nitrogen) and storage temperature (5, 15 and 25°C) on the physical, chemical and sensory changes in fresh pork were studied using factorial design experiments. Irradiation in the absence of oxygen extended the sensory shelf life of pork from 9 to 26 days at 5°C and from & lt; 2 to 2 days at 25°C. Oxygen in the package headspace combined with irradiation adversely affected physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of the end product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb06840.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell cycle dependent distribution of a centrosomal antigen at the perinuclear MTOC or at the kinetochores of higher plant cells (1994)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 103 (1994), S. 343-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Compelling evidence has been obtained in favour of the idea that the nuclear surface of higher plant cells is a microtubule-nucleating and/or organizing site (MTOC), in the absence of defined centrosomes. How these plant MTOC proteins are redistributed and function during the progression of the cell cycle remains entirely unknown. Using a monoclonal antibody (mAb 6C6) raised against isolated calf thymus centrosomes and showing apparent reaction with the plant nuclear surface, we followed the targeted antigen distribution during mitosis and meiosis of higher plants. Immunoblot analysis of protein fractions from Allium root meristematic cell extracts probed with mAb 6C6 reveals a polypeptide of an apparent Mr of 78000. In calf centrosome extracts, a polypeptide of comparable molecular mass is found in addition to a major antigen of Mr 180000 after mAb 6C6 immunoblotting. During mitotic initiation, the plant antigen is prominent on the periphery of the prophase nucleus. When the nuclear envelope breaks down, the antigen suddenly becomes associated with the centromere-kinetochores until late anaphase. In telophase, when the nuclear envelope is being reconstructed, it is no longer detected at the kinetochores but is solely associated again with the nuclear surface. This antigen displays a unique spatial and temporal distribution, which may reflect the pathway of plant protein(s) between the nuclear surface and the kinetochores under cell cycle control. So far, such processes have not been described in higher plant cells. These observations shed light on the putative activity of the plant kinetochore as a protein transporter. They also suggest that a plant centrosome-like antigen may have different cytoskeletal related functions depending on cell cycle regulated changes in its subcellular distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417882
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of chromosomes in anaphase trigger and nuclear envelope activity in spindle formation (1980)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 76 (1980), S. 295-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to analyse the role of the nuclear envelope (NE) and chromosomes themselves in spindle dynamics, two events were selected: prophase clear-zone formation and anaphase. Data in vivo were precisely correlated with fine structure. Spore mother cells of the moss Mnium hornum and endosperm of Haemanthus albiflos and H. katherinae were used as material. During Pachytene, in Mnium, which occurs between +5° to −5° C in natural environmental conditions, microtubules (Mts) are formed and regularly distributed on the surface of the nucleus, particularly in regions facing the poles. They are anchored to the NE. During NE breakage, followed by rapid Mt assembly, fragments of the envelope are entirely surrounded with evenly spaced Mts and often migrate to the poles. In prophase of Haemanthus, at 22° C, Mts are irregularly arranged around the nucleus and direct connections with NE are evident. The data presented suggest that NE is a Mt nucleating site during initial stages of spindle development. Mt distribution is correlated to temperature conditions of Mt assembly. — Effects of recovery at 22° C after cold shock (+3° C) were studied: Mt nucleation is experimentally speeded up and Mts grow with random orientation, never found in controls, at all stages of mitosis. — Start of anaphase and course of kinetochore splitting was followed in vivo (time lapse) during normal division and under inhibition of Mt assembly in cells treated with colchicine and vinblastine. Autonomous chromatid repulsion and kinetochore separation up to 3.5 to 4 μm take place without traces of kinetochore Mts. This process is general but is obscured in normal divisions by chromosome alignment at equatorial plane. It is concluded that spindle independent kinetochore splitting is a chromosomal trigger for poleward migration. It preceeds anaphase movements and occurs at a precise stage of the chromosome cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327268
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The perinuclear microtubule-organizing center and the synaptonemal complex of higher plants share a common antigen: its putative transfer and role in meiotic chromosomal ordering (1996)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 104 (1996), S. 405-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recognition of homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase is associated in most cases with the formation of the synaptonemal complex along the length of the chromosome. Telomeres, located at the nuclear periphery, are preferential initiation sites for the assembly of the synaptonemal complex. In most eukaryotic cells, telomeres cluster in a restricted area, leading to the “bouquet” configuration in leptotene-zygotene, while this typical organization progressively disappears in late zygotene-pachytene. We wondered whether such striking changes in the intranuclear ordering and pairing of meiotic chromosomes during the progression of prophase I could be correlated with activity of the centrosome and/or microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Plant cells may be used as a model of special interest for this study as the whole nuclear surface acts as an MTOC, unlike other cell types where MTOCs are restricted to centrosomes or spindle pole bodies. Using a monoclonal antibody (mAb 6C6) raised against isolated calf centrosomes we found that the 6C6 antigen is present over the entire surface of the plant meiotic nucleus, in early prophase I, before chromosomal pairing. At zygotene, short fragments of chromosomes become stained near the nuclear envelope and within the nucleus. At pachytene, after complete synapsis, the labeling specifically concentrates within the synaptonemal complexes, although the nuclear surface is no longer reactive. Ultrastructural localization using immunogold labeling indicates that the 6C6 antigen is colocalized with the synaptonemal complex structures. Later in metaphase I, the antigen is found at the kinetochores. Our data favor the idea that the 6C6 antigen may function as a particular “chromosomal passenger-like’ protein. These observations shed new light on the molecular organization of the plant synaptonemal complex and on the redistribution of cytoskeleton-related antigens during initiation of meiosis. They suggest that antigens of MTOCs are relocated to chromosomes during the synapsis process starting at telomeres and contribute to the spatial arrangement of meiotic chromosomes. Such cytoskeleton-related antigens may acquire different functions depending on their localization, which is cell-cycle regulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352264
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The perinuclear microtubule-organizing center and the synaptonemal complex of higher plants share a common antigen: its putative transfer and role in meiotic chromosomal ordering (1996)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 104 (1996), S. 405-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Recognition of homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase is associated in most cases with the formation of the synaptonemal complex along the length of the chromosome. Telomeres, located at the nuclear periphery, are preferential initiation sites for the assembly of the synaptonemal complex. In most eukaryotic cells, telomeres cluster in a restricted area, leading to the ”bouquet” configuration in leptotene-zygotene, while this typical organization progressively disappears in late zygotene-pachytene. We wondered whether such striking changes in the intranuclear ordering and pairing of meiotic chromosomes during the progression of prophase I could be correlated with activity of the centrosome and/or microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Plant cells may be used as a model of special interest for this study as the whole nuclear surface acts as an MTOC, unlike other cell types where MTOCs are restricted to centrosomes or spindle pole bodies. Using a monoclonal antibody (mAb 6C6) raised against isolated calf centrosomes we found that the 6C6 antigen is present over the entire surface of the plant meiotic nucleus, in early prophase I, before chromosomal pairing. At zygotene, short fragments of chromosomes become stained near the nuclear envelope and within the nucleus. At pachytene, after complete synapsis, the labeling specifically concentrates within the synaptonemal complexes, although the nuclear surface is no longer reactive. Ultrastructural localization using immunogold labeling indicates that the 6C6 antigen is colocalized with the synaptonemal complex structures. Later in metaphase I, the antigen is found at the kinetochores. Our data favor the idea that the 6C6 antigen may function as a particular ”chromosomal passenger-like” protein. These observations shed new light on the molecular organization of the plant synaptonemal complex and on the redistribution of cytoskeleton-related antigens during initiation of meiosis. They suggest that antigens of MTOCs are relocated to chromosomes during the synapsis process starting at telomeres and contribute to the spatial arrangement of meiotic chromosomes. Such cytoskeleton-related antigens may acquire different functions depending on their localization, which is cell-cycle regulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352264
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell cycle dependent distribution of a centrosomal antigen at the perinuclear MTOC or at the kinetochores of higher plant cells (1994)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 103 (1994), S. 343-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Compelling evidence has been obtained in favour of the idea that the nuclear surface of higher plant cells is a microtubule-nucleating and/or organizing site (MTOC), in the absence of defined centrosomes. How these plant MTOC proteins are redistributed and function during the progression of the cell cycle remains entirely unknown. Using a monoclonal antibody (mAb 6C6) raised against isolated calf thymus centrosomes and showing apparent reaction with the plant nuclear surface, we followed the targeted antigen distribution during mitosis and meiosis of higher plants. Immunoblot analysis of protein fractions from Allium root meristematic cell extracts probed with mAb 6C6 reveals a polypeptide of an apparent Mr of 78000. In calf centrosome extracts, a polypeptide of comparable molecular mass is found in addition to a major antigen of Mr 180000 after mAb 6C6 immunoblotting. During mitotic initiation, the plant antigen is prominent on the periphery of the prophase nucleus. When the nuclear envelope breaks down, the antigen suddenly becomes associated with the centromere-kinetochores until late anaphase. In telophase, when the nuclear envelope is being reconstructed, it is no longer detected at the kinetochores but is solely associated again with the nuclear surface. This antigen displays a unique spatial and temporal distribution, which may reflect the pathway of plant protein(s) between the nuclear surface and the kinetochores under cell cycle control. So far, such processes have not been described in higher plant cells. These observations shed light on the putative activity of the plant kinetochore as a protein transporter. They also suggest that a plant centrosome-like antigen may have different cytoskeletal related functions depending on cell cycle regulated changes in its subcellular distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417882
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional morphology of the pedicellariae of the asteroid Marthasterias glacialis (Echinodermata) (1984)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 104 (1984), S. 122-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Marthasterias glacialis bears two kinds of pedicellariae. The straight pedicellariae are single and occur everywhere on the asteroid body surface except in the ambulacral groove. The crossed pedicellariae are clustered on mobile structures (the rosettes) build around marginal and abactinal spines. Basically, each pedicellaria has a head and a stalk. A skeleton occurs only in the pedicellarial head. It consists of two valves and a basal piece. Muscular bundles are anchored on these skeletal ossicles. The straight pedicellariae have two pairs of adductor muscles (the inner and the outer adductors) and one pair of abductor muscles, these latter being weakly developed. Longitudinal muscle fibers occur all along the stalk of straight pedicellariae. The crossed pedicellariae have two pairs of adductor muscles (the distal and the proximal adductors) and two pairs of abductor muscles (the distal and the proximal abductors). The proximal adductors of crossed pedicellariae are homologous to the stalk muscles of straight pedicellariae. The pedicellariae are able to react to direct and indirect tactile stimuli. There is a great deal of individual variation among pedicellarial responses. Moreover, the reactions occur at random and lack coordination. The seemingly aberrant behavior of the pedicellariae is interpreted as a preventive activity that protects the asteroid body surface against unwanted materials and organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312026
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of a microcanalicular system within the ossicles and dermal tissue of Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 657-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ossicle ; Dermis ; Epithelium ; Mesoderm ; Echinodermata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A microcanalicular network is demonstrated within the ossicle stroma and the dermal tissue of two asteroid species. Microcanaliculi are presumed to be mesodermal structures. They consist of convoluted tubular ducts lined by epithelial cells associated with scattered basiepithelial nervous processes. Such a microcanalicular system has not been reported previously from any echinoderm species. Its discovery in asteroids entails some conceptual changes, especially considering the physiology of the body wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225434
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