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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In glasshouse experiments, additions of 10–100 g 1−1 ammonium sulphate enhanced the phytotoxicity to broadleaved weeds and cereals of several water-soluble herbicides applied post-emergence in 75–300 1 ha−1 with hydraulic nozzles. Studies with dichlorprop potassium salt and chickweed Stellaria media (L.) Vill. examined interactions between ammonium sulphate and environmental, application and formulation factors. Simulated rainfall immediately after spraying greatly reduced dichlorprop activity, whether or not ammonium sulphate was present. However, when there was an interval of 2–24 h between spraying and rainfall, the additive increased phytotoxicity. Surfactants tended to reduce dichlorprop phytotoxicity to Stellaria media, both in the presence and absence of ammonium sulphate. Certain other inorganic salts including sodium sulphate also enhanced phytotoxicity. Applications by rotary atomizer in very low spray volume (15 1 ha−1, 250–280 μm drops) were less effective than conventional 150 1 ha−1 applications. When very low volume application was used, addition of ammonium sulphate or nitrate tended to reduce activity further. In the field, ammonium sulphate significantly increased the effects against weeds of a commercial dichlorprop potassium salt formulation applied conventionally in 200 1 ha−1 spray volume. Neutralized phosphoric acid had a similar effect but a mixture of this additive and ammonium sulphate reduced phytotoxicity. Both additives slightly increased dichlorprop injury to barley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 23 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In glasshouse experiments, the addition of four ‘pyridine herbicides’ (substituted picolinic and pyridyloxyacetic acids) to either diclofop-methyl or flamprop-methyl had little effect on wild oat (Avena fatua) control. This contrasts with the serious antagonisms which occur with 2, 4-D and 2, 3, 6-TBA. With wild and cultivated oat, l'-methylheptyl (4-amino-3, 5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridyl)oxyacetate (Dowco 433) was completely compatible with diclofop-methyl and flamprop-methyl, and there was evidence that its presence improved the control of wild oats. Picloram, 3, 6-dichloropicolinic acid and triclopyr had only slight effects on phytotoxicity. The control of cleavers (Galium aparine) by picloram, triclopyr and Dowco 433 was not significantly reduced by addition of flamprop-methyl.Preliminary metabolism studies suggest that picloram does not greatly increase the rate of diclofop detoxification as do 2, 4-D and 2, 3, 6-TBA, and the observed compatibility could well be a direct consequence of this.The absence in these greenhouse experiments of serious antagonism between the pyridine herbicides and diclofop-methyl or flamprop-methyl suggests that ‘tank mixes’ of these herbicides could be used for the control of both broad-leaved weeds and wild oats.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 20 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In several pot and field experiments additions of 1–10% w/v ammonium sulphate and/or 0.1–2.5% w/v surfactant increased the phytotoxicity to A. repens of sprays containing 0.2–0.5 kg/ha glyphosate. There were similar results with technical glyphosate-isopropylamine salt and formulated ‘Roundup’. Higher ammonium sulphate concentrations were sometimes antagonistic. Additions of ammonium sulphate without surfactant generally had less effect on phytotoxicity. While several surfactants increased glyphosate activity the order of effectiveness of these products varied according to whether or not ammonium sulphate was also present. When used alone, relatively hydrophilic non-ionic or cationic products had more effect. In mixtures with ammonium sulphate, however more lipophilic surfactants gave superior results. Ammonium sulphate (5%) with a lipophilic cationic surfactant (0.5% Ethomeen C12) enhanced the effects of very low volume controlled-drop applications as well as conventional medium volume sprays. In a field trial 0.25 kg/ha glyphosate applied with those additives in 20 l/ha of spray had as much effect on bud viability as l kg/ha applied conventionally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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