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  • 1
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    Performance of current measurement system in poloidal field power supply for Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Description: As one of the core subsystems of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), the poloidal field power system supplies energy to EAST’s superconducting coils. To measure the converter current in the poloidal field power system, a current measurement system has been designed. The proposed measurement system is composed of a Rogowski coil and a newly designed integrator. The results of the resistor-inductor-capacitor discharge test and the converter equal current test show that the current measurement system provides good reliability and stability, and the maximum error of the proposed system is less than 1%.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Interfacial and electrical properties of InGaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor with TiON/TaON multilayer composite gate dielectric (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-27
    Description: InGaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with composite gate dielectric consisting of Ti-based oxynitride (TiON)/Ta-based oxynitride (TaON) multilayer are fabricated by RF sputtering. The interfacial and electrical properties of the TiON/TaON/InGaAs and TaON/TiON/InGaAs MOS structures are investigated and compared. Experimental results show that the former exhibits lower interface-state density (1.0 × 10 12  cm −2 eV −1 at midgap), smaller gate leakage current (9.5 × 10 −5 A/cm 2 at a gate voltage of 2 V), larger equivalent dielectric constant (19.8), and higher reliability under electrical stress than the latter. The involved mechanism lies in the fact that the ultrathin TaON interlayer deposited on the sulfur-passivated InGaAs surface can effectively reduce the defective states and thus unpin the Femi level at the TaON/InGaAs interface, improving the electrical properties of the device.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    ANP32B deficiency impairs proliferation and suppresses tumor progression by regulating AKT phosphorylation (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: ANP32B deficiency impairs proliferation and suppresses tumor progression by regulating AKT phosphorylation Cell Death and Disease 7, e2082 (February 2016). doi:10.1038/cddis.2016.8 Authors: S Yang, L Zhou, P T Reilly, S-M Shen, P He, X-N Zhu, C-X Li, L-S Wang, T W Mak, G-Q Chen & Y Yu
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    Helicobacter pylori-induced matrix metallopeptidase-10 promotes gastric bacterial colonization and gastritis (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The interaction between gastric epithelium and immune response plays key roles in 〈i〉H. pylori〈/i〉–associated pathology. We demonstrated a procolonization and proinflammation role of MMP-10 in 〈i〉H. pylori〈/i〉 infection. MMP-10 is elevated in gastric mucosa and is produced by gastric epithelial cells synergistically induced by 〈i〉H. pylori〈/i〉 and IL-22 via the ERK pathway. Human gastric MMP-10 was correlated with 〈i〉H. pylori〈/i〉 colonization and the severity of gastritis, and mouse MMP-10 from non–BM-derived cells promoted bacteria colonization and inflammation. 〈i〉H. pylori〈/i〉 colonization and inflammation were attenuated in IL-22〈sup〉–/–〈/sup〉, MMP-10〈sup〉–/–〈/sup〉, and IL-22〈sup〉–/–〈/sup〉MMP-10〈sup〉–/–〈/sup〉 mice. MMP-10–associated inflammation is characterized by the influx of CD8〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 T cells, whose migration is induced via MMP-10–CXCL16 axis by gastric epithelial cells. Under the influence of MMP-10, Reg3a, E-cadherin, and zonula occludens–1 proteins decrease, resulting in impaired host defense and increased 〈i〉H. pylori〈/i〉 colonization. Our results suggest that MMP-10 facilitates 〈i〉H. pylori〈/i〉 persistence and promotes gastritis.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Microbial rhodopsins are major contributors to the solar energy captured in the sea (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉All known phototrophic metabolisms on Earth rely on one of three categories of energy-converting pigments: chlorophyll-〈i〉a〈/i〉 (rarely -〈i〉d〈/i〉), bacteriochlorophyll-〈i〉a〈/i〉 (rarely -〈i〉b〈/i〉), and retinal, which is the chromophore in rhodopsins. While the significance of chlorophylls in solar energy capture has been studied for decades, the contribution of retinal-based phototrophy to this process remains largely unexplored. We report the first vertical distributions of the three energy-converting pigments measured along a contrasting nutrient gradient through the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The highest rhodopsin concentrations were observed above the deep chlorophyll-〈i〉a〈/i〉 maxima, and their geographical distribution tended to be inversely related to that of chlorophyll-〈i〉a〈/i〉. We further show that proton-pumping proteorhodopsins potentially absorb as much light energy as chlorophyll-〈i〉a〈/i〉–based phototrophy and that this energy is sufficient to sustain bacterial basal metabolism. This suggests that proteorhodopsins are a major energy-transducing mechanism to harvest solar energy in the surface ocean.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Bulk-like features in the photoemission spectra of hydrated doubly charged anion clusters (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-10
    Description: We produced gaseous hydrated clusters of sulfate and oxalate anions [SO4(2-)-(H2O)n and C2O4(2-)(H2O)n, where n = 4 to 40]. Photoelectron spectra of these clusters revealed that the solute dianions were in the center of the water cluster, (H2O)n. For small clusters, these spectra were characteristic of the respective solutes, but beyond the first solvation shell (n approximately 12), features in the spectra from the solutes were diminished and a new feature from ionization of water emerged, analogous to bulk aqueous solutions. For large clusters with dimensions greater than 1 nanometer, the solute photoemission features disappeared and the spectra were dominated by the ionization of water as the solvent coverage increased. A smooth transition from gas-phase clusters to behavior of electrolyte solutions was clearly revealed, and the large solvated clusters can be used as molecular models to investigate the photophysics and chemistry of aqueous electrolyte solutions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, X B -- Yang, X -- Nicholas, J B -- Wang, L S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1322-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, WA 99352, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Observation of all-metal aromatic molecules (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Aromaticity is a concept invented to account for the unusual stability of an important class of organic molecules: the aromatic compounds. Here we report experimental and theoretical evidence of aromaticity in all-metal systems. A series of bimetallic clusters with chemical composition MAl4- (M = Li, Na, or Cu), was created and studied with photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. All the MAl4- species possess a pyramidal structure containing an M+ cation interacting with a square Al4(2-) unit. Ab initio studies indicate that Al4(2-) exhibits characteristics of aromaticity with two delocalized pi electrons (thus following the 4n + 2 electron counting rule) and a square planar structure and maintains its structural and electronic features in all the MAl4- complexes. These findings expand the aromaticity concept into the arena of all-metal species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, X L -- Kuznetsov, A E -- Zhang, H F -- Boldyrev, A I -- Wang, L S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):859-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, WA 99352, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Enhancing CD8 T-cell memory by modulating fatty acid metabolism (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: CD8 T cells, which have a crucial role in immunity to infection and cancer, are maintained in constant numbers, but on antigen stimulation undergo a developmental program characterized by distinct phases encompassing the expansion and then contraction of antigen-specific effector (T(E)) populations, followed by the persistence of long-lived memory (T(M)) cells. Although this predictable pattern of CD8 T-cell responses is well established, the underlying cellular mechanisms regulating the transition to T(M) cells remain undefined. Here we show that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), an adaptor protein in the TNF-receptor and interleukin-1R/Toll-like receptor superfamily, regulates CD8 T(M)-cell development after infection by modulating fatty acid metabolism. We show that mice with a T-cell-specific deletion of TRAF6 mount robust CD8 T(E)-cell responses, but have a profound defect in their ability to generate T(M) cells that is characterized by the disappearance of antigen-specific cells in the weeks after primary immunization. Microarray analyses revealed that TRAF6-deficient CD8 T cells exhibit altered expression of genes that regulate fatty acid metabolism. Consistent with this, activated CD8 T cells lacking TRAF6 display defective AMP-activated kinase activation and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in response to growth factor withdrawal. Administration of the anti-diabetic drug metformin restored FAO and CD8 T(M)-cell generation in the absence of TRAF6. This treatment also increased CD8 T(M) cells in wild-type mice, and consequently was able to considerably improve the efficacy of an experimental anti-cancer vaccine.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803086/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803086/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearce, Erika L -- Walsh, Matthew C -- Cejas, Pedro J -- Harms, Gretchen M -- Shen, Hao -- Wang, Li-San -- Jones, Russell G -- Choi, Yongwon -- R01 AI064909/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064909-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009140/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):103-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08097. Epub 2009 Jun 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency/genetics ; Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/drug effects/*immunology/*metabolism ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Immunologic Memory/*immunology ; Listeria monocytogenes/immunology ; Listeriosis/immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Metformin/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl/deficiency/genetics ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6/*deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Au20: a tetrahedral cluster (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: Photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that a 20-atom gold cluster has an extremely large energy gap, which is even greater than that of C60, and an electron affinity comparable with that of C60. This observation suggests that the Au20 cluster should be highly stable and chemically inert. Using relativistic density functional calculations, we found that Au20 possesses a tetrahedral structure, which is a fragment of the face-centered cubic lattice of bulk gold with a small structural relaxation. Au20 is thus a unique molecule with atomic packing similar to that of bulk gold but with very different properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Jun -- Li, Xi -- Zhai, Hua-Jin -- Wang, Lai-Sheng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):864-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Post Office Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    All-metal antiaromatic molecule: rectangular Al4(4-) in the Li3Al4(-) anion (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: We report the experimental and theoretical characterization of antiaromaticity in an all-metal system, Li3Al4(-), which we produced by laser vaporization and studied with the use of photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The most stable structure of Li3Al4(-) found theoretically contained a rectangular Al4(4-) tetraanion stabilized by the three Li+ ions in a capped octahedral arrangement. Molecular orbital analyses reveal that the rectangular Al4(4-) tetraanion has four pi electrons, consistent with the 4n Huckel rule for antiaromaticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuznetsov, Aleksey E -- Birch, K Alexander -- Boldyrev, Alexander I -- Li, Xi -- Zhai, Hua-Jin -- Wang, Lai-Sheng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):622-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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