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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Jerusalem Artichoke Food Science and Technology : Helianthus Tuberosus (2022)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Food science. ; Biology Technique. ; Molecular biology. ; Biochemistry. ; Food Science. ; Biological Techniques. ; Molecular Biology. ; Chemical Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Characteristics of the Jerusalem Artichoke -- Chapter 3. Tuber Quality -- Chapter 4. Utility meaning of Jerusalem artichoke -- Chapter 5. Processing technologies -- Chapter 6. Determinants of the quality of food preparations -- Chapter 7. Changes in the quality of inulin-based products during storage -- Chapter 8. Machines and equipment for Helianthus tuberosus tuber treatment -- Chapter 9. Prospects for inulin processing -- Chapter 10. CONCLUSIONS.
    Abstract: This is the first book to explore the science underlying the Jerusalem artichoke, which is also known as Helianthus tuberosus L. and it is attracting increasing interest among food scientists and professionals worldwide. Due to a wide perspective for the production of inulin due to its high economic and ecological importance, the development of technologies for isolating and processing tuberous sunflower raw materials using environmentally friendly technologies (green chemistry and white biotechnology) and the global production of inulin shows an increasing tendency. Here we focus on the latest technological achievements related to the use of inulin in the food processing. In this book, readers will find full explanation of the conceptual aspects and the latest research results on a wide range of topics, including the relevant characteristics and applications from various fields. Written by leading scientists in the field, the book will be a valuable resource for students and researchers in the fields of food chemistry, nutritional science, physiology, and bioengineers, as well as for professionals in the food industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 269 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811908057
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Biotechnological Advances,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0805-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0805-7
    DDC: 641.3
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    The Content of Phenolic Acids and Flavonols in the Leaves of Nine Varieties of Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) Depending on Their Development, Grown in Central Europe (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-30
    Description: The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive components present in the leaves of 9 sweet potato cultivars grown in the moderate climate in Poland, which were harvested at different growth stages according to the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale (14, 51, 89). It was found that sweet potato leaves contained 7 polyphenolic compounds, including 5 chlorogenic acids—neochlorogenic acid (5-CQA), chlorogenic acid (3-CQA), 4-cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), 34-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,4-CQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,5-CQA)—and 2 flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q-3-GA) and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-GL). Their content depended on the genotype of the examined cultivars and on the stage of leaf development. The mean content of the identified polyphenolic compounds in the examined cultivars ranged from 148.2 to 14.038.6 mg/100 g−1 DM for the leaves harvested at growth stage 14 according to the BBCH scale. In the case of leaves harvested at BBCH stage 51, the concentration of polyphenolic compounds ranged from 144.76 to 5026.8 mg/100 g−1 DM and at BBCH stage 89 from 4078.1 to 11.183.5 mg/100 g−1 DM. The leaves of the Carmen Rubin cultivar collected at stage 14 contained the highest amount of polyphenolic compounds, while Okinava leaves had the highest amount of these compounds at stage 51. The highest content of polyphenolic compounds in leaves at BBCH growth stage 89 was found in the Radiosa variety. The highest concentration levels were found for 3-CQA at all stages of leaf development. Significant correlations between polyphenol content and antioxidant activity measured by 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were found. The results of this experiment revealed that the growth stages and genetic properties of cultivars have a very significant influence on the content of phenolic acids and flavonols in sweet potato leaves. The results are innovative and can have a practical application, as the knowledge of the content of the substances under study makes it possible to determine the optimal management practice of sweet potato leaf harvest in order to obtain more top-quality raw material.
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-3049
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 3
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    Biological and Agrotechnical Aspects of Weed Control in the Cultivation of Early Potato Cultivars under Cover (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-21
    Description: Problems with weed infestation under cover were the reason to conduct research on the regulation of weed infestation in potato cultivation for early harvest. The field experiment was carried out in 2015–2017 at the Experimental Station for Cultivar Assessment in Uhnin (51°34′ N, 23°02′ E) using the method of random subblocks, in a dependent system (split-split-plot). The first order factor was edible potato cultivars ‘Denar’ and ‘Lord’. The second order factor was cultivation technologies: (A) traditional technology, (B) technology using polyethylene film cover, (C) technology using polypropylene agrotextile. The third order factor was weed management methods: (1) mechanical, (2) mechanical and chemical method using Afalon Dispersion 450 SC preparation, (3) mechanical and chemical methods using Racer 250 EC herbicide, and (4) mechanical and chemical methods using a mixture of herbicides Afalon Dispersion 450 SC and Command 480 EC. Mechanical and chemical methods proved to be more effective than the mechanical method. The best effectiveness in limiting both fresh and dry weed mass in potato cultivation under cover was achieved using the mechanical and chemical method using a mixture of herbicides, Afalon Dispersion 450 SC and Command 480 EC.
    Electronic ISSN: 2077-0472
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 4
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    The Effects of Temperature on the Quality and Storage Stalibity of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L. [Lam]) Grown in Central Europe (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-28
    Description: The research focuses on the effects of temperature on the quality and storage stability of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. [Lam]). It is based on the results of a field experiment conducted between 2015–2017 in Żyznów (49°49′ N, 21°50′ E). The experimental factors were: storage temperatures (5° and 15 °C) and sweet potato cultivars (‘Carmen Rubin’, ‘White Triumph’, ‘Beauregard’, ‘Satsumo Imo’, ‘Purple’). Tubers were harvested at BBCH stage 97. Tubers were stored in a climatic chamber with temperature control and fixed ambient humidity for 6 months during the 2015/16–2017/18 seasons. The storage of tubers at 15 °C helped reduce tuber waste and weight losses resulting from germination, transpiration, respiration and rotting. The quality of the stored tubers depended mostly on storage temperature. It was observed that at 15°, the content of dry matter and total sugars was higher than at 5°, whereas the content of starch was lower. The factor determining storage stability was the genetic features of the cultivars under study. The cultivars ‘Purple’ and ‘Satsumo Imo’ demonstrated good storage stability. The cultivar ‘Carmen Rubin’ turned out least suitable for long storage. The experiment results can contribute to developing storage technology of sweet potato tubers cultivated in Central Europe.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4395
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 5
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    Biodiversity of Weeds in Fields of Grain in South-Eastern Poland (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-27
    Description: Analysis of weed infestation of selected fields of grain (winter wheat, spring wheat, spring triticale) was conducted between 2013 and 2016 in five commercial farms in south-eastern Poland (49°52’ N, 21°46’ E) based on a quantitative and qualitative (quadrat) method and an agro-phytosociological method. The quadrat analysis was conducted prior to weeding procedures, and the agro-phytosociological analysis by grain harvest. The biodiversity of weed communities was measured with the Shannon and Simpson indices. The degree of weed infestation of grain species was significantly differentiated by weeding procedures carried out by farmers. The highest share of weeds in grain crops included dicot weeds (80.6–86.4% of all species, depending on location), and the remaining weed groups were a much smaller issue. The greatest weed infestation was found in spring triticale, and the smallest in winter wheat. The highest Shannon biodiversity index was recorded in the field of triticale, and the lowest in the field of winter wheat. The Simpson index points to the greatest biodiversity in fields of triticale and the smallest in fields of spring wheat. The conducted research will help categorize segetal flora characteristics for a given crop, determine its quantity and species composition, and evaluate biodiversity of weeds in fields of grain.
    Electronic ISSN: 2077-0472
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 6
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    The Effect of Effective Microorganisms on the Quality of Potato Chips and French Fries (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-04
    Description: The aim of the work is to develop innovative technology for potato cultivation aimed at potato food processing with the use of effective microorganisms (EMs), limiting the chemicalization of agriculture. The basis for the research was a field experiment established by the randomized subblock method, in three repetitions, where two factors were examined: cultivation technologies (3) and potato varieties (14). The influence of experimental factors on the quality of French fries (FF) and potato chips (PC) was investigated. The water content was assessed by the drying method, and the fat content by the Soxhlet method. The sensory assessment was performed by a team of 10 panelists in accordance with EN ISO methodology. In the production of both FF and PC, cultivation technologies using EMs contributed to a significant reduction in the absorption of fats and a significant reduction in the disadvantages of FF, the so-called “dark ends”, and the sensory characteristics of these products have not deteriorated. Potato obtained from cultivation in the EM system is a better raw material for the production of FF and PC than potato from plantations without the use of effective microorganisms. The beneficial effects of these preparations depended on the exposure time to EMs and the potato variety.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-3417
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 7
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    Effect of Differentiated Nitrogen Fertilization on the Enzymatic Activity of the Soil for Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L. [Lam.]) Cultivation (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The experiment was conducted between 2015–2017 in the Research Station for Cultivar Testing in Uhnin (51°34′ N, 23°02′ E), in Luvisols developed from sandy loam soils. Soil samples for the tests of enzymatic activity were collected after the crop was harvested. The measurements included: the content of dehydrogenases, phosphatases, urease and protease, as well as total organic carbon, total nitrogen and mineral nitrogen in soil, based on standard methods. The research results point to changes in the enzymatic activity of light soil under the influence of varied nitrogen fertilization. In objects fertilized with this ingredient, the activity of the analysed enzymes was significantly higher than in the control soil, except for combinations fertilised with 150 kg ha−1 N characterised by the highest accumulation of N-NO3− in soil. The activity of dehydrogenases, phosphatases and urease changed as the nitrogen dose increased. The polynomial regression analysis enabled a better understanding of those dependences. In the case of dehydrogenases, phosphatases and urease, a third-degree curvilinear relation of enzymatic activity to nitrogen fertilisation was observed (a fourth-degree relation was found, with a coefficient R2 in those equations amounting to =0.958, 0.977, 0.979, respectively) and in the case of protease activity, a fourth-degree relation, with coefficient R2 = 0.989. However, soil acidity did not have a significant influence on either the enzymatic activity or physico-chemical characteristics of soil under the cultivation of sweet potatoes. The C:N ratio turned out to be significantly negatively related to the content of the enzymes dehydrogenase (Adh), phosphatase (AF), urease (AU) and protease (AP) as well as the content of total nitrogen, especially its ammonium form (N-NH4). The obtained results indicate the usefulness of research on enzymatic activity as an indicator of soil reaction to nitrogen fertilization and will enable maintenance of the optimal biological balance of cultivated soils.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4395
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 8
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    The Impact of Effective Microorganisms on Flesh Color and Chemical Composition of Raw Potato Tubers (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-26
    Description: The objective of this study was to develop an innovative method of potato cultivation, with limited use of chemicals, for use in food processing. The results of the research are based on field experiments carried out between 2015 and 2017 at the Experimental Station in Parczew, Poland. The first-order factors were cultivation practices: A—standard cultivation practices with fungicides to control potato blight; and cultivation practices B, C, and D using the application of effective microorganisms (EM). The potato varieties were the second-order factor. The scope of the research included assessing the flesh color of the raw tubers and the content of dry mass, sugars and vitamin C. The color measurement of raw tubers was carried out using the CIEL *a *b* system. Cultivation methods using applications of effective microorganisms contributed significantly to the change in color brightness of the raw tuber flesh compared to the standard methods. The flesh color of the research potato cultivar tubers, their trichromatic coordinates and the reactions of potato varieties were determined according to the cultivation practices used. It was found that the brightness of the color of raw tuber flesh depends on the content of dry matter and the content of reducing sugars in the tubers.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-3417
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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